ES6新特性

1、箭头函数

eg：

(a, b) => a * b

等价于

function (a, b) {
  return a * b  
}

　　

具体箭头函数讲解， 请看：http://www.javascriptkit.com/javatutors/javascriptarrowfunctions.shtml

2、Promises

const mypromise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
// 在这编写异步代码
// 调用 resolve() 来表示任务成功完成
// 调用 reject() 来表示任务失败
})

function getasync(url) {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
        xhr.open("GET", url)
        xhr.onload = () => resolve(xhr.responseText)
        xhr.onerror = () => reject(xhr.statusText)
        xhr.send()
    })
}

getasync('test.txt').then((msg) => {
    console.log(msg) // echos contents of text.txt
    return getasync('test2.txt')
}).then((msg) => {
    console.log(msg) // echos contents of text2.txt
    return getasync('test3.txt')
}).then((msg) => {
    console.log(msg) // echos contents of text3.txt
})

　　

具体Promise请看： http://www.javascriptkit.com/javatutors/javascriptpromises.shtml

3、异步函数

a、一个以 async 为前缀的常规函数

async function fetchdata(url){
    // Do something
    // Always returns a promise
}

　　

b、在异步函数（Async function）内，使用 await 关键字调用异步操作函数

function getasync(url) { // same as original function
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
        xhr.open("GET", url)
        xhr.onload = () => resolve(xhr.responseText)
        xhr.onerror = () => reject(xhr.statusText)
        xhr.send()
    })
}

async function fetchdata(){ // main Async function
    var text1 = await getasync('test.txt')
    console.log(text1)
    var text2 = await getasync('test2.txt')
    console.log(text2)
    var text3 = await getasync('test3.txt')
    console.log(text3)
    return "Finished"
}

fetchdata().then((msg) =>{
    console.log(msg) // logs "finished"
})

　　

4、解构

var profile = { name:'George', age:39, hobby:'Tennis' }
var {name, hobby} = profile // destructure profile object
console.log(name) // "George"
console.log(hobby) // "Tennis"

　　使用别名，你可以使用与你正在提取值的对象属性不同的变量名：

var profile = {name:'George', age:39, hobby:'Tennis'}
var {name:n, hobby:h} = profile // destructure profile object
console.log(n) // "George"
console.log(h) // "Tennis"

　　解构也可以与嵌套对象一起工作，我一直使用它来快速解开来自复杂的JSON请求的值：

var jsondata = {
    title: 'Top 5 JavaScript ES6 Features',
    Details: {
        date: {
            created: '2017/09/19',
            modified: '2017/09/20',
        },
        Category: 'JavaScript',
    },
    url: '/top-5-es6-features/'
};

var {title, Details: {date: {created, modified}}} = jsondata
console.log(title) // 'Top 5 JavaScript ES6 Features'
console.log(created) // '2017/09/19'
console.log(modified) // '2017/09/20'

　　数组的解构与在对象上的工作方式类似，除了左边的花括号使用方括号代替：

var soccerteam = ['George', 'Dennis', 'Sandy']
var [a, b] = soccerteam // destructure soccerteam array
console.log(a) // "George"
console.log(b) // "Dennis"

　　或者

var soccerteam = ['George', 'Dennis', 'Sandy']
var [a,,b] = soccerteam // destructure soccerteam array
console.log(a) // "George"
console.log(b) // "Sandy"

　　解构详细请看：https://hackernoon.com/getting-to-grips-with-es6-destructuring-e5b5ddb34990

5、默认和剩余参数

　　a、默认参数（Default Parameters）

function getarea(w,h){
  var w = w || 10
  var h = h || 15
  return w * h
}

　　b、剩余参数（Rest Parameters）

function addit(...theNumbers){
  // get the sum of the array elements
    return theNumbers.reduce((prevnum, curnum) => prevnum + curnum, 0) 
}

addit(1,2,3,4) // returns 10

通过在命名参数前添加3个点 ...，在该位置和之后输入到函数中的参数将自动转换为数组。

function addit(theNumbers){
    // force arguments object into array
    var numArray = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments) 
    return numArray.reduce((prevnum, curnum) => prevnum + curnum, 0)
}

addit(1,2,3,4) // returns 10

　　

Rest parameters 只能应用于函数的参数的一个子集，就像下面这样，它只会将参数从第二个开始转换为数组：

function f1(date, ...lucknumbers){
    return 'The Lucky Numbers for ' + date + ' are: ' + lucknumbers.join(', ')
}

alert( f1('2017/09/29', 3, 32, 43, 52) ) // alerts "The Lucky Numbers for 2017/09/29 are 3,32,43,52"

　　

本文章借鉴于http://www.webhek.com/post/top-five-features-in-javascript-es6-worth-mastering.html