正向代理服务器可满足内网仅有一台服务器可以上网，而要供内网所有机器上网的需求，也可以用于爬虫的代理访问。在实践中我将Squid作为爬虫代理服务器，实现了多IP切换的功能，将在后续文章中记录实现过程。

安装

系统环境： CentOS 7.0
Squid版本：3.5.20

  1. 源代码安装

到官方网站 http://www.squid-cache.org/Versions/ 查找版本号，找到下载链接，以v3.5.20为例，安装步骤如下：

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cd /tmp
wget http://www.squid-cache.org/Versions/v3/3.5/squid-3.5.20.tar.gz
tar xzf squid-3.5.20.tar.gz
cd squid-3.5.20
./configure --with-MYOPTION --with-MYOPTION2 etc # 具体参数请参考官方文档
make && make install

更多配置详情参考： http://wiki.squid-cache.org/SquidFaq/CompilingSquid

  1. 包管理安装

centos 用 sudo yum install squid 即可完成安装。

配置

配置文件位置在 /etc/squid/squid.conf ，修改默认配置文件：

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#
# Recommended minimum configuration:
#
 
# Example rule allowing access from your local networks.
# Adapt to list your (internal) IP networks from where browsing
# should be allowed
# 内网控制，按需修改
acl localnet src 10.0.0.0/8 # RFC1918 possible internal network
acl localnet src 172.16.0.0/12 # RFC1918 possible internal network
acl localnet src 192.168.0.0/16 # RFC1918 possible internal network
acl localnet src fc00::/7 # RFC 4193 local private network range
acl localnet src fe80::/10 # RFC 4291 link-local (directly plugged) machines
 
# 配置可访问的端口
acl SSL_ports port 443
acl Safe_ports port 80 # http
acl Safe_ports port 21 # ftp
acl Safe_ports port 443 # https
acl Safe_ports port 70 # gopher
acl Safe_ports port 210 # wais
acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535 # unregistered ports
acl Safe_ports port 280 # http-mgmt
acl Safe_ports port 488 # gss-http
acl Safe_ports port 591 # filemaker
acl Safe_ports port 777 # multiling http
acl CONNECT method CONNECT
 
#
# Recommended minimum Access Permission configuration:
#
# Deny requests to certain unsafe ports
# 拒绝其他非安全端口的访问
http_access deny !Safe_ports
 
# Deny CONNECT to other than secure SSL ports
# 拒绝443以外的端口访问
http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports
 
# Only allow cachemgr access from localhost
# 允许本机访问
http_access allow localhost manager
http_access deny manager
 
# We strongly recommend the following be uncommented to protect innocent
# web applications running on the proxy server who think the only
# one who can access services on "localhost" is a local user
#http_access deny to_localhost
 
#
# INSERT YOUR OWN RULE(S) HERE TO ALLOW ACCESS FROM YOUR CLIENTS
#
 
# Example rule allowing access from your local networks.
# Adapt localnet in the ACL section to list your (internal) IP networks
# from where browsing should be allowed
# 允许内网
http_access allow localnet
http_access allow localhost
 
# And finally deny all other access to this proxy
# 拒绝所有
http_access deny all
 
# Squid normally listens to port 3128
# 默认对外端口为3128
http_port 3128
 
# Uncomment and adjust the following to add a disk cache directory.
# 设置缓存文件位置、cache目录容量（单位M）、一级缓存目录数量、二级缓存目录数量
# 取消注释
cache_dir ufs /var/spool/squid 100 16 256
 
# Leave coredumps in the first cache dir
coredump_dir /var/spool/squid
 
#
# Add any of your own refresh_pattern entries above these.
#
refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080
refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440
refresh_pattern -i (/cgi-bin/|\?) 0 0% 0
refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320

按如上设置即可启动squid，本文不详细阐述具体参数的作用，如有需要可查阅相关文档。

文档参考资料：

  1. http://www.squid-cache.org/Doc/
  2. squid中文权威指南

运行

初次配置好或者修改缓存文件位置参数(cache_dir)之后，需要运行squid -z 初始化缓存目录

设置开机启动：systemctl enable squid

运行：systemctl start squid

使用

按上述设置仅支持本机或者网段为10.0.0.0/8、172.16.0.0/12、192.168.0.0/16等内网访问，可根据实际情况增加控制参数，或者将文件中http_access deny all 改为 http_access allow all即可支持所有网段访问。

更改浏览器中代理服务器设置，以火狐浏览器为例，填写相应的squid服务器ip和端口号。

浏览器代理设置浏览器代理设置

访问http://httpbin.org/ip检测ip地址

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{
"origin": "182.xxx.xxx.148, 139.xxx.xxx.66"
}

返回数据中有2个ip，第一个为本机的源ip，第二个为squid代理服务器ip，说明正向代理服务器搭建成功。