kvm虚拟化
kvm部署
部署前请确保你的CPU虚拟化功能已开启，分为两种情况：
（1）虚拟机要关机设置CPU虚拟化
（2）物理机要在BIOS里开启CPU虚拟化
虚拟机设置（内存：8G 磁盘：200G 虚拟化功能：开启）
//新建分区，将硬盘所有大小都给这个分区
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
├─cs-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─cs-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 200G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 9G 0 rom
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel
New disk label type? msdos
(parted) unit
Unit? [compact]? MiB
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 204800MiB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
(parted) mkpart
Partition type? primary/extended? primary
File system type? [ext2]? xfs
Start? 10MiB
End? 204790MiB
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 204800MiB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 10.0MiB 204790MiB 204780MiB primary xfs lba
(parted) q
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@localhost ~]# udevadm settle
//格式化
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="d801b311-d29e-4bf0-a2a2-3d892a1de040" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="e679b25c-01"
//挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /kvmdata
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
//插入一行
UUID=d801b311-d29e-4bf0-a2a2-3d892a1de040 /kvmdata xfs defaults 0 0
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 9.0M 3.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cs-root xfs 17G 1.7G 16G 10% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 176M 839M 18% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 794M 0 794M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 xfs 200G 1.5G 199G 1% /kvmdata
//KVM安装
//关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
//部署yum源
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
//安装所需软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++ qemu-kvm qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer libguestfs-tools
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/qemu-kvm-tools-1.5.3-175.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libvirt-python-4.5.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/bridge-utils-1.5-9.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps libvirt-python-4.5.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps qemu-kvm-tools-1.5.3-175.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps bridge-utils-1.5-9.el7.x86_64.rpm
//验证CPU是否支持KVM；如果结果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字样，就说明CPU的支持的
[root@localhost ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
svm
//安装kvm
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm \
qemu-kvm-tools \
qemu-img \
virt-manager \
libvirt \
libvirt-python \
libvirt-client \
virt-install \
virt-viewer \
bridge-utils \
libguestfs-tools
//配置网络，因为虚拟机中的网络，我们一般是都和公司服务器处在同一网段的，所以我们需要把kvm的网卡配置成桥接模式
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens160 ifcfg-br0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-br0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=none
NAME=br0
DEVICE=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.26.134
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.26.2
DNS1=8.8.8.8
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens160
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens160
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
NAME=ens160
DEVICE=ens160
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
//重启网卡服务
[root@localhost network-scripts]# nmcli connection reload
[root@localhost network-scripts]# nmcli connection up ens160
[root@localhost network-scripts]# nmcli connection up br0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip a
5: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:b2:71:39 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.26.134/24 brd 192.168.26.255 scope global noprefixroute br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//启动libvirtd服务，并设置下次启动生效
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now libvirtd
//查看kvm模块是否加载
[root@localhost ~]# lsmod |grep kvm
kvm_amd 110592 0
ccp 98304 1 kvm_amd
kvm 839680 1 kvm_amd
irqbypass 16384 1 kvm
//验证安装结果
[root@localhost ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
Id Name State
--------------------
[root@localhost ~]# virsh --version
6.0.0
[root@localhost ~]# virt-install --version
2.2.1
//将qemu-kvm这个命令做一个软链接到/usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Oct 4 11:28 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm -> /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
//查看网桥信息
[root@localhost ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c29b27139 no ens160
virbr0 8000.525400ca8a75 yes virbr0-nic
KVM管理界面安装
Kvm的web界面是由webvirtmgr程序提供的
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