实验6
task1
点击查看代码
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 5
void input(int x[], int n);
void output(int x[], int n);
void find_min_max(int x[], int n, int *pmin, int *pmax);
int main() {
int a[N];
int min, max;
printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N);
input(a, N);
printf("数据是: \n");
output(a, N);
printf("数据处理...\n");
find_min_max(a, N, &min, &max);
printf("输出结果:\n");
printf("min = %d, max = %d\n", min, max);
return 0;
}
void input(int x[], int n) {
int i;
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
scanf("%d", &x[i]);
}
void output(int x[], int n) {
int i;
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
printf("%d ", x[i]);
printf("\n");
}
void find_min_max(int x[], int n, int *pmin, int *pmax) {
int i;
*pmin = *pmax = x[0];
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
if(x[i] < *pmin)
*pmin = x[i];
else if(x[i] > *pmax)
*pmax = x[i];
}
找到最大值和最小值
执行完后指向数组的第一个元素
点击查看代码
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 5
void input(int x[], int n);
void output(int x[], int n);
int *find_max(int x[], int n);
int main() {
int a[N];
int *pmax;
printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N);
input(a, N);
printf("数据是: \n");
output(a, N);
printf("数据处理...\n");
pmax = find_max(a, N);
printf("输出结果:\n");
printf("max = %d\n", *pmax);
return 0;
}
void input(int x[], int n) {
int i;
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
scanf("%d", &x[i]);
}
void output(int x[], int n) {
int i;
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
printf("%d ", x[i]);
printf("\n");
}
int *find_max(int x[], int n) {
int max_index = 0;
int i;
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
if(x[i] > x[max_index])
max_index = i;
return &x[max_index];
}
寻找最大值并返回其地址
应该可以
===========================================================================================
task2
点击查看代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define N 80
int main() {
char s1[N] = "Learning makes me happy";
char s2[N] = "Learning makes me sleepy";
char tmp[N];
printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n");
printf("sizeof(s1) = %d\n", sizeof(s1));
printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1));
printf("\nbefore swap: \n");
printf("s1: %s\n", s1);
printf("s2: %s\n", s2);
printf("\nswapping...\n");
strcpy(tmp, s1);
strcpy(s1, s2);
strcpy(s2, tmp);
printf("\nafter swap: \n");
printf("s1: %s\n", s1);
printf("s2: %s\n", s2);
return 0;
}
s1大小为80 , sizeof 计算数组大小 , strlen 统计字符串长度
不行 , 数组名是地址常量 不可以改变
数组元素改变
点击查看代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define N 80
int main() {
char *s1 = "Learning makes me happy";
char *s2 = "Learning makes me sleepy";
char *tmp;
printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n");
printf("sizeof(s1) = %d\n", sizeof(s1));
printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1));
printf("\nbefore swap: \n");
printf("s1: %s\n", s1);
printf("s2: %s\n", s2);
printf("\nswapping...\n");
tmp = s1;
s1 = s2;
s2 = tmp;
printf("\nafter swap: \n");
printf("s1: %s\n", s1);
printf("s2: %s\n", s2);
return 0;
}
s1存放第一个字符串的起始地址 , sizeof 计算地址变量所占字节数 ,strlen 计算数组大小
可以 , 先声明再赋值
交换指针,不换内存
=======================================================================================================
task3
点击查看代码
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int x[2][4] = {{1, 9, 8, 4}, {2, 0, 4, 9}};
int i, j;
int *ptr1; // 指针变量,存放int类型数据的地址
int(*ptr2)[4]; // 指针变量,指向包含4个int元素的一维数组
printf("输出1: 使用数组名、下标直接访问二维数组元素\n");
for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
printf("%d ", x[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n输出2: 使用指针变量ptr1(指向元素)间接访问\n");
for (ptr1 = &x[0][0], i = 0; ptr1 < &x[0][0] + 8; ++ptr1, ++i) {
printf("%d ", *ptr1);
if ((i + 1) % 4 == 0)
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n输出3: 使用指针变量ptr2(指向一维数组)间接访问\n");
for (ptr2 = x; ptr2 < x + 2; ++ptr2) {
for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
printf("%d ", *(*ptr2 + j));
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
第一个是行指针,第二个是一个数组 其中每一个元素都是一个指针
======================================================================================================
task4
点击查看代码
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 80
void replace(char *str, char old_char, char new_char); // 函数声明
int main() {
char text[N] = "Programming is difficult or not, it is a question.";
printf("原始文本: \n");
printf("%s\n", text);
replace(text, 'i', '*'); // 函数调用 注意字符形参写法,单引号不能少
printf("处理后文本: \n");
printf("%s\n", text);
return 0;
}
// 函数定义
void replace(char *str, char old_char, char new_char) {
int i;
while(*str) {
if(*str == old_char)
*str = new_char;
str++;
}
}
将一种字符替换成另一种,
可以
====================================================================================================
task5
点击查看代码
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 80
char *str_trunc(char *str, char x);
int main() {
char str[N];
char ch;
while(printf("输入字符串: "), gets(str) != NULL) {
printf("输入一个字符: ");
ch = getchar();
printf("截断处理...\n");
str_trunc(str, ch); // 函数调用
printf("截断处理后的字符串: %s\n\n", str);
getchar();
}
return 0;
}
// 函数str_trunc定义
// 功能: 对字符串作截断处理,把指定字符自第一次出现及其后的字符全部删除, 并返回字符串地址
char *str_trunc(char *str, char x)
{
char *p = str;
while(*p++ != x );
p--;
*p = '\0';
return p;
}
去掉line18 后 无法输入截取字符,用于去回车
===================================================================================================
task6
点击查看代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define N 5
int check_id(char *str); // 函数声明
int main()
{
char *pid[N] = {"31010120000721656X",
"3301061996X0203301",
"53010220051126571",
"510104199211197977",
"53010220051126133Y"};
int i;
for (i = 0; i < N; ++i)
if (check_id(pid[i])) // 函数调用
printf("%s\tTrue\n", pid[i]);
else
printf("%s\tFalse\n", pid[i]);
return 0;
}
// 函数定义
// 功能: 检查指针str指向的身份证号码串形式上是否合法
// 形式合法,返回1,否则,返回0
int check_id(char *str) {
int i = 0;
int map[129];
map[88] = 0;
for(i = 48 ;i<=57 ;i++){
map[i]=1;
}
char* p=str;
for(i = 0 ; i<18 ;i++)
{
if(i == 17)
map[88] = 1;
if(*p == '\0')
return 0;
if(!map[*p] )
return 0;
p++;
}
return 1;
}
========================================================================
task7
点击查看代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define N 80
void encoder(char *str, int n); // 函数声明
void decoder(char *str, int n); // 函数声明
struct circle{
int character;
int next,before;
}cir1[27],cir2[27];
int main() {
char words[N];
int n;
char letter1 = 'a';
char letter2 = 'A';
int i = 0;
for( i = 0 ;i < 26 ;i++)
{
cir1[i].character = letter1++;
cir1[i].next = i + 1;
cir1[i].before = i-1;
}
cir1[26].next = 0;
cir1[0].before = 26;
for( i = 0 ;i < 26 ;i++)
{
cir2[i].character = letter2++;
cir2[i].next = i + 1;
}
cir2[26].next = 0;
cir2[0].before = 26;
printf("输入英文文本: ");
gets(words);
printf("输入n: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("编码后的英文文本: ");
encoder(words, n); // 函数调用
printf("%s\n", words);
printf("对编码后的英文文本解码: ");
decoder(words, n); // 函数调用
printf("%s\n", words);
return 0;
}
/*函数定义
功能:对s指向的字符串进行编码处理
编码规则:
对于a~z或A~Z之间的字母字符,用其后第n个字符替换; 其它非字母字符,保持不变
*/
void encoder(char *str, int n) {
int m , j ,i;
m = strlen(str);
for(i = 0 ; i <m ; i++)
{ if(str[i] >= 'a' && str[i] <= 'z' || str[i] >= 'A' && str[i] <= 'Z')
{
int temp = str[i] - 'a';
for(j = 0 ; j < n ; j++)
temp = cir1[temp].next;
str[i] = cir1[temp].character;
}
}
}
/*函数定义
功能:对s指向的字符串进行解码处理
解码规则:
对于a~z或A~Z之间的字母字符,用其前面第n个字符替换; 其它非字母字符,保持不变
*/
void decoder(char *str, int n) {
int m , j ,i;
m = strlen(str);
for(i = 0 ; i <m ; i++)
{ if(str[i] >= 'a' && str[i] <= 'z' || str[i] >= 'A' && str[i] <= 'Z')
{
int temp = str[i] - 'a';
for(j = 0 ; j < n ; j++)
temp = cir1[temp].before;
str[i] = cir1[temp].character;
}
}
}
===============================================================
task8
点击查看代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int i=0,j,n=-1;
char ch[30];
while(argv[i] != NULL )
{
n++;
i++;
}
for(i = 1 ;i<n ;i++)
{
for(j = 1 ;j<n ;j++)
if(strcmp(argv[j] , argv[j+1]) < 0)
{
strcpy(ch ,argv[j]);
strcpy(argv[j] , argv[j+1]);
strcpy(argv[j+1] ,ch);
}
}
for(i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
printf("hello, %s\n", argv[i]);
return 0;
}