期末作品检查
- 期末作品检查:基本要求
- 检查时间:18最后四节课,上课之前必须全部完成,上课做基本部署就开始检查
- 方式:逐个运行演示,抽查代码
- 主题:选一个主题,整个网站风格统一,布局合理,尽量美观。
- 期末作品检查:必须完成:
- 网站父模板统一布局:头部导航条、底部图片导航、中间主显示区域布局
- 注册、登录、注销
- 发布、列表显示
- 详情页
- 评论、列表显示
- 个人中心
- 搜索,条件组合搜索
- 一篇完整的博客
- 个人学期总结
- 总结Python+Flask+MysqL的web建设技术过程,标准如下:
- 即是对自己所学知识的梳理
- 也可作为初学入门者的简单教程
- 也可作为自己以后复习的向导
- 也是一种向外展示能力的途径
- 期末作品检查:加分功能
- 文章分类、显示
- 点赞、收藏
- 修改密码、头像、上传头像
- 我的
- 高级搜索
前言及前期准备:在学习这门课的时候运用到了python,flask,mysql,render_template,request,redirect,url_for,session,SQLAlchemy,flask_sqlalchemy,来进行web的构建,此过程一定确保安装成功。
系统软件:pycharm,navicat,内网址填入localhost,外网域名根据自己喜欢的名字填写,因此,建立自己网站的数据库名,才能访问创建的该页面
前期工作:分别写网页所需要的html文件,再而从py文件,建立相应的数据库传到网页,若需要装饰器,还要定义装饰器,这个装饰器的作用就是将地址与方法名联系起来,当HTTP请求的url时候将调用方法进行处理。也就是建立了url与处理函数的映射。
前端实现:
登陆:
{% extends'base.html' %} {% block title %}登陆{% endblock %} {% block head %} <link href="https:maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"rel="stylesheet"> <link href="{{ url_for('static',filename='css/login.css') }}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static',filename='css/base.css') }}"> <script src="{{ url_for('static',filename='js/login.js') }}"></script> <script src="{{ url_for('static',filename='js/base.js') }}"></script> {% endblock %} {% block main %} <div class="box"> <h2 style="text-align: center">登录</h2> <form action="{{url_for('login')}}" method="post"> <div class="input_box"> <input id="uname" type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username" style="width:300px;height:20px"> </div> <div class="input_box"> <input id="upass" type="password" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password" style="width:300px;height:20px"> </div> <br> <div id="error_box"><br></div> <div class="input_box"> <button onclick="return fnLogin()">登陆</button><br> <a class="link-forget cl-link-blue"href="{{ url_for('regist') }}" >忘记密码</a> <a class="link-forget cl-link-blue"href="{{ url_for('regist') }}">注册</a> </div> </form> </div> {% endblock %}
注册:
{% extends'base.html' %} {% block title %}注册{% endblock %} {% block head %} <link href="https:maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"rel="stylesheet"> <link href="{{ url_for('static',filename='css/login.css') }}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static',filename='css/base.css') }}"> <script src="{{ url_for('static',filename='js/regist.js') }}"></script> <script src="{{ url_for('static',filename='js/base.js') }}"></script> {% endblock %} {% block main %} <div class="box"> <h2 style="text-align: center">注册</h2> <form action="{{url_for('regist')}}" method="post"> <div class="input_box"> <input id="uname" type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username" style="width:300px;height:20px"> </div> <div class="input_box"> <input id="upass" type="password" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password" style="width:300px;height:20px"><br> <input id="upass1" type="password" placeholder="请重复输入密码" style="width:300px;height:20px"> </div> <div class="input_box"> <input id="nname" type="text" placeholder="请输入昵称" name="nickname" style="width:300px;height:20px"> </div> <br> <div id="error_box"><br></div> <div class="input_box"> <button onclick="return fnRegist()">注册</button><br> </div> </form> </div> {% endblock %}
首页和导航:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title> {% block title %}{% endblock %} 页面 </title> <style> p.sansserif{font-family:"Comic Sans MS", cursive, sans-serif} </style> {% block head %} <!--引入bootstrap--> <link href="https:maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static',filename='css/base.css') }}"> <script src="{{ url_for('static',filename='js/base.js') }}"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../static/css/tu.css"> {% endblock %} </head> <body id="myBody"> <nav> <div class="img"> <img src="http://img.liansuo.com/html/images/20150909/wap_14417666396022.jpg" style="width:100%;height:300px" ><br> </div> <img id="myOnOff" onclick="mySwitch()" src="http://www.runoob.com/images/pic_bulbon.gif" width="25px"> <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-justified"> <li class="active"><a href="{{ url_for('base') }}">首页</a></li> <li><a href="{{ url_for('login') }}">登录</a></li> <li><a href="{{ url_for('regist') }}">注册</a></li> <li><a href="{{ url_for('ask') }}">发布问题</a></li> <li><a href="{{url_for('logout')}}">注销</a></li> </ul><br> <form action="{{url_for('search')}}" method="get"> <input name="q" type="text" placeholder="请输入关键字"> <button type="submit">搜索</button> </form> </nav> <div class="zy"> {% if username %} <a href=""><p class="sansserif">{{ username }},欢迎你</p></a> <li><a href="{{url_for('logout')}}">注销</a>></li> {% else %} {% endif %} </div> </nav> {% block main %} <img src="https://ss0.bdstatic.com/70cFvHSh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=4221186847,2388355095&fm=27&gp=0.jpg" style="weight:100px;height:100px"> <div> <ul class="list-group" style="align-content: center"> {%for foo in questions %} <li class="list-group-item" > <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-leaf"aria-hidden="true"></span> <a href="{{ url_for('detail',question_id=foo.id) }}" class="title">标题:{{ foo.title }}</a><br> <p class="detail">内容:{{ foo.detail }}</p> <a class="author" href="{{url_for('usercenter',user_id=foo.author_id,tag=1)}}">{{foo.author.username}}评论:({{ foo.comments|length }})</a><br> <span class="badge">{{foo.create_time}}</span> </li> {% endfor %} </ul> </div> {% endblock %} <div class="area"> </div> <footer> <div class="recommend"> <div class="img"> <a href="http://www.sesamestreetchina.com.cn/the_show.php"><img src="http://www.chinapp.com/uploadfile/Pinpai/2015-03-13/14262282678751.jpg"></a> <div class="desc"><a href="http://www.sesamestreetchina.com.cn/the_show.php">芝麻街剧场</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="footer_box"> Copyright@2017 个人版权,版权所有 作者:xxx </div> </footer> </body> </html>
相关后端的实现:
from flask import Flask,render_template,request,redirect,url_for,session from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy import config from functools import wraps from datetime import datetime from sqlalchemy import or_ from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash app=Flask(__name__) app.config.from_object(config) db=SQLAlchemy(app) class User(db.Model): __tablename__='user' id=db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True) username = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=False) _password = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False)#内部使用 nickname = db.Column(db.String(50)) @property def password(self): # 外部使用 return self._password @password.setter def password(self, row_password): self._password = generate_password_hash(row_password) def check_password(self, row_password): result = check_password_hash(self._password, row_password) return result class Question(db.Model): __tablename__='question' id=db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True) title = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False) detail = db.Column(db.Text,nullable=False) create_time=db.Column(db.DateTime,default=datetime.now) author_id =db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('user.id')) author=db.relationship('User',backref=db.backref('question')) class Comment(db.Model): __tablename__='comment' id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True) author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id')) question_id=db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('question.id')) create_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now) detail = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False) question=db.relationship('Question',backref=db.backref('comments',order_by=create_time.desc)) author=db.relationship('User',backref=db.backref('comments')) db.create_all() #首页 @app.route('/') def base(): context={ 'questions': Question.query.order_by('-create_time').all() } return render_template('base.html',**context) #行动前需要登录,定义装饰器 def loginFirst(func): @wraps(func) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): if session.get('user'): return func(*args, **kwargs) else: return redirect(url_for('login')) return wrapper # 详情页,默认get方法 @app.route('/detail/<question_id>') def detail(question_id): quest=Question.query.filter(Question.id==question_id).first() return render_template('detail.html',ques=quest) @app.route('/comment/', methods=['POST']) @loginFirst def comment(): comment=request.form.get('new_comment') ques_id=request.form.get('question_id') auth_id=User.query.filter(User.username==session.get('user')).first().id comm=Comment(author_id=auth_id,question_id=ques_id,detail=comment) db.session.add(comm) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('detail',question_id=ques_id)) @app.route('/usercenter/<user_id>/<tag>') @loginFirst def usercenter(user_id,tag): user = User.query.filter(User.id == user_id).first() context={ 'user':user, 'username':user.username, 'questions':user.question, 'comments':user.comments, } if tag =='1': return render_template('usercenter1.html',**context) elif tag =='2': return render_template('usercenter2.html',**context) else: return render_template('usercenter3.html',**context) @app.route('/login/',methods=['GET','POST']) def login(): if request.method=='GET': return render_template('login.html') else: username=request.form.get('username') password=request.form.get('password') user = User.query.filter(User.username == username).first() if user: if user.check_password(password): session['user'] = username session.permannet = True return redirect(url_for('base')) else: return '密码错误' else: return '用户名不存在' # 注销 @app.route('/logout/') def logout(): session.clear() return redirect(url_for('base')) @app.route('/regist/', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def regist(): if request.method == 'GET': return render_template("regist.html") else: username = request.form.get('username') password = request.form.get('password') nickname = request.form.get('nickname') user = User.query.filter(User.username == username).first() if user: return u'用户名已存在' else: user = User(username=username, password=password, nickname=nickname) db.session.add(user) # 数据库,添加操作 db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for('login')) @app.context_processor def mycontext(): username = session.get('user') if username: return {'username': username} else: return {} @app.route('/ask/',methods=['GET','POST']) @loginFirst def ask(): if request.method=='GET': return render_template('ask.html') else: title= request.form.get('title') detail = request.form.get('detail') author_id = User.query.filter(User.username == session.get('user')).first().id#判断用户是否存在 question = Question(title=title, detail=detail, author_id=author_id) db.session.add(question)# 保存到数据库 db.session.commit()# 提交 return redirect(url_for('base'))# 跳转 @app.route('/search/') def search(): qu=request.args.get('q') ques=Question.query.filter( or_( Question.title.contains(qu), Question.detail.contains(qu) ) ).order_by('-create_time') return render_template('base.html',questions=ques) if __name__=='__main__': app.run()
涉及到的相关步骤内容:
- HTTP请求发送到后端与响应的过程
- Flask
- Flask的常用工具和项目配置
- pycharm
- HTTP requester
- 从第一个路由注册接口开始
- 使用装饰器处理接口必填字段
- Flask上下文获取request参数
- 数据库连接
- 循环引用
总结:
这边总结是经过一学期学习了相关基础的实践总结,虽然内容比较的简单,自己的知识有限,但还是学习到了不少新知识,对于python语言的入门,相关内容只是比之前学习的java等语言编写代码更加的简单,总之对于这学期的学习还是有所收获的.