【java】对数据库操作的那些事(包含数据库中的预处理)

一、连接问题

前面刚介绍了怎么连接数据库,也写了对应的模板。可是它的可维护性很差。那么怎么解决问题呢?

首先写一个配置文件jdbc.properties

<span style="font-size:18px;">## MySQL
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hncu?

useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 username=root password=1234 ## Oracle #driver=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver #url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.31.12:1521:orcl #username=scott #password=tiger </span>


然后创建一个生成连接的工厂ConnFactory .java

<span style="font-size:18px;">package cn.hncu.hibernate0;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.util.Properties;

public class ConnFactory {
	private static Connection conn;
	static {
		try {
			//读取配置文件
			Properties p = new Properties();
			p.load(ConnFactory.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties"));
			String driver = p.getProperty("driver");
			String url = p.getProperty("url");
			String username = p.getProperty("username");
			String pwd = p.getProperty("password");
			
			Class.forName(driver);
			conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,username,pwd);
			System.out.println("已连接到数据库..."+conn);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			throw new RuntimeException("读取配置文件失败", e);
		}
	}
	public static Connection getConn(){
		return conn;
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		getConn();
	}
}
</span>
最后直接通过ConnFactory.getConn()获得。

这要做的优点,当改变所要连接的数据库类型时,仅仅须要改动配置文件里的内容就可以。


二、解说getXXX()方法

<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="white-space:pre">	</span>@Test
	public void getXXXDemo() throws Exception{
		Statement st = ConnFactory.getConn().createStatement();
		String sql = "select * from book";
		ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
		while(rs.next()){
			Integer id = rs.getInt(1);//这里的1表示数据表中的第一列,以下同理
			String name = rs.getString(2);
			//Double price = (Double)rs.getObject(3);//出异常,由于内部是採用BigDecimal来处理
			Double price = rs.getDouble(3);
			Object dateTime = rs.getObject(4);//把日期和时间作为一个总体读取出来
			System.out.println(id+","+name+","+price+","+dateTime);
			
			String strDateTime = dateTime.toString();
			System.out.println(strDateTime);
			strDateTime = rs.getDate(4)+"--"+rs.getTime(4);//日期和时间能够单独获取
			System.out.println(":::"+strDateTime);
		}
		ConnFactory.getConn().close();
	}</span>
注:对于自己主动增长列。删除之后再插入新记录,序号不会回头,继续往前增长。即中间会出现空号


三、解说Statement中的三个executeXXX()方法

1、executeQuery: 仅仅能运行select语句

2、executeUpdate: 能够运行insert、delete和update语句,但不能运行select

3、execute:增删改查的4种(随意)语句都能运行。该方法若运行非select语句时返回false,运行select语句时返回true,且st对象会缓存该次查询的结果。我

们可通过ResultSet rs = st.getResultSet()来获得结果集

<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="white-space:pre">	</span>@Test
	public void executeXXXDemo() throws Exception{
		Statement st = ConnFactory.getConn().createStatement();
	    String sql = "select * from book";
		//String sql = "insert into book(name,price,pub) values('软件project',22.35,'2015-12-05 22:12:23')";
		//String sql = "update book set price=38.88 where name='软件project'";
		//String sql = "delete from book where name='软件project'";
	    //st.executeQuery(sql);
		//st.executeUpdate(sql);
		boolean boo = st.execute(sql);
		
		if(boo){
			ResultSet rs = st.getResultSet();
			while(rs.next()){
				System.out.println(rs.getObject(2));
			}
		}
	}</span>


四、数据库查询时防黑技术(预处理语句)

案例、用户登录(通过用户输入信息来拼接sql语句----非常危急)

<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="white-space:pre">	</span>@Test//用户登录    
	public void login() throws Exception{
		Connection con = ConnFactory.getConn();
		Statement st = con.createStatement();
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		int id = sc.nextInt(); sc.nextLine();
		String name = sc.nextLine();
		String sql = "select count(*) from stud where id="+id+" and sname='"+name+"'";
		System.out.println("sql:"+sql);
		ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
		rs.next();
		int a = rs.getInt(1);
		if(a<=0){
			System.out.println("登录不成功");
		}else{
			System.out.println("登录成功");
		}
		
		con.close();	   
	}</span>
黑的方法。输入:1002(回车)   1' or '1'='1
因此:假设须要用 用户输入的信息 来拼接 sql语句,就不能用statement。否则用户能够通过构建where子句中的一个true条件来突破防护对于上面的情

况,应该用PreparedStatement来解决!

<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="white-space:pre">	</span>@Test//用户登录     黑:1002(回车)   1' or '1'='1
	public void login2() throws Exception{
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		
		Connection con = ConnFactory.getConn();
		String sql = "select count(*) from stud where id=? and sname=?";//须要用户输入的地方,用占位符('?')来取代。然后在兴许通过设參来给占位符赋值
		PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement(sql);
		//设置參数
		int id = sc.nextInt(); sc.nextLine();
		pst.setInt(1, id); //參数1----代表第1个占位符
		String name = sc.nextLine();
		pst.setString(2, name);//參数2
		
		ResultSet rs = pst.executeQuery();
		
		rs.next();
		int a = rs.getInt(1);
		if(a<=0){
			System.out.println("登录不成功");
		}else{
			System.out.println("登录成功");
		}
		
		con.close();	   
	}</span>


五、获取自己主动增长列(如id)

<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="white-space:pre">	</span>@Test //演示获取自己主动增长列如id
	public void saveAuto() throws Exception{
		Connection con = ConnFactory.getConn();
		String sql = "insert into book(name,price,pub) values('JavaEE',100.8,'2013-06-12 08:30:30')";
		Statement st = con.createStatement();
		
		//st.executeUpdate(sql);
		st.executeUpdate(sql,Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
		ResultSet rs = st.getGeneratedKeys();//里面封装了自己主动生成的全部值
		if(rs.next()){
			int id = rs.getInt(1);//获取第1个自己主动增长列
			System.out.println("自己主动增长的id:"+id);
		}
		System.out.println("-----------------");
		
		//预处理语句
		sql =  "insert into book(name,price) values(?,?)";
		PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement(sql,Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
		pst.setString(1, "计算机基础");
		pst.setDouble(2, 28);
		pst.executeUpdate();
		ResultSet rs2 = pst.getGeneratedKeys();//里面封装了自己主动生成的全部值
		if(rs2.next()){
			int id = rs2.getInt(1);//获取第1个自己主动增长列
			System.out.println("自己主动增长的id:"+id);
		}
	}</span>


六、演示批处理语句

public void batch() throws Exception{
		Connection con = ConnFactory.getConn();
		String sql = "insert into book(name,price,pub) values('JavaEE',100.8,'2015-06-12 08:30:30')";
		Statement st = con.createStatement();
		for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
			st.addBatch(sql);
		}
		sql = "update book set price=price*1.1 where price>100";
		st.addBatch(sql);
		int[] a = st.executeBatch();
		for(int r:a){
			System.out.println(r);//r为每条sql语句所影响的记录数
		}
	}

预处理

public void preparedBatch() throws Exception{
		Connection con = ConnFactory.getConn();
		String sql = "insert into book(name,price,pub) values(?,?,?)";
		PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement(sql);
		for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
			pst.setString(1, "Java"+i);
			pst.setDouble(2, 55.85+i);
			pst.setString(3, "2016-12-10 07:07:08");
			pst.addBatch(); //pst的方式不能带參数sql
		}
		//pst.executeBatch();
		int[] a = pst.executeBatch();
		for(int r:a){
			System.out.println(r);//r为每条sql语句所影响的记录数
		}
	}

注意:预处理的方式不能带參数sql,普通的须要



















posted @ 2017-08-05 17:43  yxysuanfa  阅读(1019)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报