python 之 SQLALchemy

SQLALchemy

SQLAlchemy是Python编程语言下的一款ORM框架,该框架建立在数据库API之上,使用关系对象映射进行数据库操作,简言之便是:将对象转换成SQL,然后使用数据API执行SQL并获取执行结果。

ORM方法论基于三个核心原则:

简单:以最基本的形式建模数据。

传达性:数据库结构被任何人都能理解的语言文档化。

精确性:基于数据模型创建正确标准化了的结构。

Dialect用于和数据API进行交流,根据配置文件的不同调用不同的数据库API,从而实现对数据库的操作,如:

'数据库类型+数据库驱动名称://用户名:口令@机器地址:端口号/数据库名'

MySQL-Python

mysql+mysqldb://<user>:<password>@<host>[:<port>]/<dbname>

pymysql

mysql+pymysql://<username>:<password>@<host>/<dbname>[?<options>]

MySQL-Connector

mysql+mysqlconnector://<user>:<password>@<host>[:<port>]/<dbname>

cx_Oracle

oracle+cx_oracle://user:pass@host:port/dbname[?key=value&key=value...]

http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/orm/

 PS

2.7版本使用mysqldb
3.5版本使用pymysql
请用pip或者源码包安装,确保环境可以正常使用。**
确保远程数据库服务器可以正常使用,并且拥有全新可以远程登录,
例如:
登录数据库:mysql -uroot  -p
创建数据库:create database test;
授权库:grant all on test.* to root@"%" identified by '123';
更新:flush privileges;

1.基本操作:

1)链接数据库:create_engine()

engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/test", max_overflow=5)

create_engine()   会返回一个数据库引擎,
mysql+pymysql”   指定了使用 MySQL-Python 来连接,
使用用户名‘root’   和密码‘123’来链接数据库
121.42.195.15    是数据库链接地址可以是localhost,127.0.0.1
‘test’        是数据库名
max_overflow    是最大连接数
其他方法:
“charset”    指定了连接时使用的字符集(可省略)=utf8
 echo 参数为 True 时,会显示每条执行的 SQL 语句,生产环境下可关闭。

2)字段和数据类型及操作方法

在sqlalchemy.schema包里有数据库关系的描述,列举几个最常用的:

字段:Column

索引:Index

表:Table

数据类型在sqlalchemy.types包,列举几个最常用的:

二进制:BIGINT

布尔:BOOLEAN

字符:CHAR

可变字符:VARCHAR

日期:DATETIME

其他方法 execute,update,insert,select,delete,join等 自行补脑

3)创建表结构

使用 Schema Type/SQL Expression Language/Engine/ConnectionPooling/Dialect 进行数据库操作。Engine使用Schema Type创建一个特定的结构对象,之后通过SQL Expression Language将该对象转换成SQL语句,然后通过 ConnectionPooling 连接数据库,再然后通过 Dialect 执行SQL,并获取结果。

# /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf8 -*-
# auth rain

from sqlalchemy import  create_engine, Table, Column, Integer, String, MetaData, ForeignKey
import pymysql
# 创建连接数据库
engin = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/test", max_overflow=5)
print(engin)
# 获取元数据
metadata = MetaData()
print(metadata)
# 创建表
user = Table('user', metadata,
             Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
             Column('name', String(20)),
             )

color = Table('color', metadata,
              Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
              Column('name', String(20)),
              )

# 创建数据表,如果数据表存在,则忽视
metadata.create_all(engin)

结果:
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_liuyao |
+------------------+
| color            |
| user             |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3)插入一条数据

使用 Engine/ConnectionPooling/Dialect 进行数据库操作,Engine使用ConnectionPooling连接数据库,然后再通过Dialect执行SQL语句。

#!/bin/bin/env python
# -*-coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author : rain

from sqlalchemy import create_engine

engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/test", max_overflow=5)

engine.execute("insert into test.color(id,name) VALUE ('1', 'rain')")
engine.execute("insert into test.color(name) VALUE ('wind')")

result = engine.execute('select * from color')
print(result.fetchall())
# [(1, 'rain'), (2, 'wind')]

4) 增删改查

先创建数据库

from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Table, Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, MetaData
engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/test", max_overflow=5)
metadata = MetaData()
conn = engine.connect()

user = Table('user', metadata,
             Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
             Column('name', String(20)),
             )

color = Table('color', metadata,
              Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
              Column('name', String(20)),
              )
metadata.create_all(engine)

结果:
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_liuyao |
+------------------+
| color | | user |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

增加

# 创建SQL语句,INSERT INTO "user" (id, name) VALUES (:id, :name)

# 插入一条数据(id为自动增加值可写,可不写)
# sql = user.insert().values(id=1, name='yxy')
sql = user.insert().values(name='yxy')
conn.execute(sql)
conn.close()

mysql> select * from user;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | yxy  |
+----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

删除

#删除一条user表里的 条件是id大于1的
sql = user.delete().where(user.c.id > 1)
#执行
conn.execute(sql)
#关闭链接
conn.close()

结果:
mysql> select * from user;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | yxy  |
+----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

修改/更新

from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Table, Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, MetaData
engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/test", max_overflow=5)
metadata = MetaData()
conn = engine.connect()

user = Table('user', metadata,
             Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
             Column('name', String(20)),
             )

color = Table('color', metadata,
              Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
              Column('name', String(20)),
              )

metadata.create_all(engine)

for i in range(5):
    sql = user.insert().values(name='yxy %s' % i)
    conn.execute(sql)
conn.close()

mysql> select * from user;
+----+-------+
| id | name  |
+----+-------+
|  1 | yxy   |
|  8 | yxy 0 |
|  9 | yxy 1 |
| 10 | yxy 2 |
| 11 | yxy 3 |
| 12 | yxy 4 |
+----+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
插入N条数据
# 数据库原始记录为如下 :
mysql> select * from user;
+----+-------+
| id | name  |
+----+-------+
|  1 | yxy   |
|  8 | yxy 0 |
|  9 | yxy 1 |
| 10 | yxy 2 |
| 11 | yxy 3 |
| 12 | yxy 4 |
+----+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#更新 #把名字为yxy的修改为change_name sql = user.update().where(user.c.name == 'yxy').values(name='change_name') conn.execute(sql) conn.close() 结果: mysql> select * from user; +----+-------------+ | id | name | +----+-------------+ | 1 | change_name | | 8 | yxy 0 | | 9 | yxy 1 | | 10 | yxy 2 | | 11 | yxy 3 | | 12 | yxy 4 | +----+-------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查询

注:请导入查询模块

 

#!/bin/bin/env python
# -*-coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author : rain

from sqlalchemy import select
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Table, Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, MetaData
engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/test", max_overflow=5)
metadata = MetaData()
conn = engine.connect()
metadata.create_all(engine)
user = Table('user', metadata,
             Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
             Column('name', String(20)),
             )
color = Table('color', metadata,
              Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
              Column('name', String(20)),
              )
metadata.create_all(engine)

# 查询user表里的内容
sql = select([user])
res = conn.execute(sql)
print(res.fetchall())
# [(1, 'change_name'), (8, 'yxy 0'), (9, 'yxy 1'), (10, 'yxy 2'), (11, 'yxy 3'), (12, 'yxy 4')]

# 查询user表下的id
sqlid = select([user.c.id])
rest = conn.execute(sqlid)
print(rest.fetchall())
# [(1,), (8,), (9,), (10,), (11,), (12,)]

# 查询user表和color表的name,条件是user表的id1=color的id1
sqltwo = select([user.c.name, color.c.name]).where(user.c.id == color.c.id)
restwo = conn.execute(sqltwo)
print(restwo.fetchall())
# [('change_name', 'rain')]

# 查询user表的name,并按照条件排序,按照名字排序
sqlorder = select([user.c.name]).order_by(user.c.name)
resorder = conn.execute(sqlorder)
print(resorder.fetchall())
# [('change_name',), ('yxy 0',), ('yxy 1',), ('yxy 2',), ('yxy 3',), ('yxy 4',)]

# 按照id排序
sqlorderid = select([user.c.name]).order_by(user.c.id)
resorderid = conn.execute(sqlorderid)
print(resorderid.fetchall())
# [('change_name',), ('yxy 0',), ('yxy 1',), ('yxy 2',), ('yxy 3',), ('yxy 4',)]

# 查询user表的name,并按照条件分组
sqlgroup = select([user]).group_by(user.c.name)
resgroup = conn.execute(sqlgroup)
print(resgroup.fetchall())
# [(1, 'change_name'), (8, 'yxy 0'), (9, 'yxy 1'), (10, 'yxy 2'), (11, 'yxy 3'), (12, 'yxy 4')]

# 按照id
sqlgroupid = select([user]).group_by(user.c.name)
resgroupid = conn.execute(sqlgroupid)
print(resgroupid.fetchall())
# [(1, 'change_name'), (8, 'yxy 0'), (9, 'yxy 1'), (10, 'yxy 2'), (11, 'yxy 3'), (12, 'yxy 4')]
conn.close()

5)继承SqlORM类来操作数据库

# /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf8 -*-
# auth rain

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
# 生成一个SqlORM 基类
Base = declarative_base()
# echo如果为True,那么当他执行整个代码的数据库的时候会显示过程
engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/test", echo=True)
# 创建一个类继承Base基类
class Host(Base):
    # 表名为hosts
    __tablename__ = 'host'
    # 表结构
    # primary_key等于主键
    # unique唯一
    # nullable非空
    id = Column(Integer,primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    hostname = Column(String(64), unique=True, nullable=False)
    ip_addr = Column(String(128), unique=True, nullable=False)
    port = Column(Integer, default=22)
# 创建所有表结构
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # bind绑定
    # 创建与数据库的会话session class
    SessionCls = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
    # 注意,这里返回给session的是个class,不是实例
    session = SessionCls()
    # 插入字段
    h1 = Host(hostname='app', ip_addr='10.10.33.100', port=22)
    h2 = Host(hostname='pymysql', ip_addr='10.10.33.111', port=80)
    h3 = Host(hostname='app2', ip_addr='10.10.33.222', port=8080)
    # 添加一个
    session.add(h1)
    # 可以添加多个字段
    session.add_all([h2, h3])
    # 修改字段名字,只要没提交,此时修改也没问题
    # h2.hostname = 'ubuntu_test'
    # 支持数据回滚
    # session.rollback()
    # 提交
    session.commit()

mysql
> select * from host; +----+----------+--------------+------+ | id | hostname | ip_addr | port | +----+----------+--------------+------+ | 1 | app | 10.10.33.100 | 22 | | 5 | pymysql | 10.10.33.111 | 80 | | 6 | app2 | 10.10.33.222 | 8080 | +----+----------+--------------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

注:SQLAlchemy无法修改表结构,如果需要可以使用SQLAlchemy开发者开源的另外一个软件Alembic来完成。

6.继承类式增删改查:

使用 ORM/Schema Type/SQL Expression Language/Engine/ConnectionPooling/Dialect 所有组件对数据进行操作。根据类创建对象,对象转换成SQL,执行SQL。

Query对象可以返回可迭代的值(iterator value),然后我们可以通过for in来查询。不过Query对象的all()、one()以及first()方法将返回非迭代值(non-iterator value),比如说all()返回的是一个列表first()方法限制并仅作为标量返回结果集的第一条记录:

1)先创建相关数据库

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
#创建数据库
engine = create_engine("mysql+mysqldb://root:123456@121.42.195.15:3306/test", max_overflow=5)
#生成一个SqlORM 基类
Base = declarative_base()   
#定义表结构
class User(Base):
    #表名
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    #定义id,主键唯一,
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String(50))
#寻找Base的所有子类,按照子类的结构在数据库中生成对应的数据表信息
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
#创建与数据库的会话session class ,注意,这里返回给session的是个class,不是实例
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()
#获取session,然后把对象添加到session,
#最后提交并关闭。Session对象可视为当前数据库连接。

2.增加

########### 增 ##########
#定义一个字段
zengjia = User(id=2, name='sbliuyao')
#添加字段
session.add(zengjia)
#添加多个字段
session.add_all([
    User(id=3, name='sbyao'),
    User(id=4, name='liuyao')
])
#提交以上操作
session.commit()

结果:
mysql> select * from users;
+----+----------+
| id | name     |
+----+----------+
|  2 | sbliuyao |
|  3 | sbyao    |
|  4 | liuyao   |
+----+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

3.删除

# ########## 删除 ##########
#删除user表,id大于2的字段
session.query(User).filter(User.id > 2).delete()
session.commit()
结果:
mysql> select * from users;
+----+----------+
| id | name     |
+----+----------+
|  2 | sbliuyao |
+----+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

4.修改

因上次操作已经删除好多数据
请重新执行插入字段操作
session.add_all([
    User(id=3, name='sbyao'),
    User(id=4, name='liuyao'),
    User(id=5, name='mayun')
])
session.commit()
结果:
mysql> select * from users;
+----+----------+
| id | name     |
+----+----------+
|  2 | sbliuyao |
|  3 | sbyao    |
|  4 | liuyao   |
|  5 | mayun    |
+----+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在执行以下操作
#user表里的id等于2的字段修改为id=6
session.query(User).filter(User.id == 2).update({'id' : 6})
session.commit()
结果:
mysql> select * from users;
+----+----------+
| id | name     |
+----+----------+
|  3 | sbyao    |
|  4 | liuyao   |
|  5 | mayun    |
|  6 | sbliuyao |
+----+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
其他方法:
#把user表里id大于2的name全部换成woshiyaoge
session.query(User).filter(User.id > 2).update({'name' :'woshiyaoge'})
session.commit()

mysql> select * from users;
+----+------------+
| id | name       |
+----+------------+
|  3 | woshiyaoge |
|  4 | woshiyaoge |
|  5 | woshiyaoge |
|  6 | woshiyaoge |
+----+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

5.查询

数据库如下:
mysql> select * from users;
+----+------------+
| id | name       |
+----+------------+
|  3 | woshiyaoge |
|  4 | woshiyaoge |
|  5 | woshiyaoge |
|  6 | woshiyaoge |
|  7 | sbyao      |
|  8 | liuyao     |
|  9 | mayun      |
+----+------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

方式1:

#查询user表下面name=liuyao的字段
ret = session.query(User).filter_by(name='liuyao').all()
#打印实例
print ret
for i in ret:
#打印结果
print(i.id,i.name,)
结果:
[<__main__.User object at 0x0000000002F55860>]
(8L, 'liuyao')
这种查询方法可以返回一个User对象以及它的name属性字段的值。

方式2:
#查询user表里字段是name=liuyao的第一条数据
ret = session.query(User).filter_by(name='liuyao').first()
print ret.name
print ret.id
结果:
liuyao
8

方式3:
#查询user表里字段是name是liuyao或者mayun的信息打印出来
ret = session.query(User).filter(User.name.in_(['liuyao','mayun'])).all()
print ret
for i in ret:
    print(i.name,i.id)
结果:
[<__main__.User object at 0x00000000030F1E48>, <__main__.User object at 0x000000000311D8D0>]
('liuyao', 8L)
('mayun', 9L)

方式4:
#可以给返回的结果起一个别名,或者叫标签:可有可无
ret = session.query(User.name.label('')).all()
print ret,type(ret)
这里的关键是label方法,它的意思是把User的name字段改个名字叫name_label,
其相当于执行以下的SQL语句:
SELECT users.name AS name_label
FROM users
结果:
[('woshiyaoge',), ('woshiyaoge',), ('woshiyaoge',), ('woshiyaoge',), ('sbyao',), ('liuyao',), ('mayun',)] <type 'list'>

方式5:
#查询User表根据id排序
ret = session.query(User).order_by(User.id).all()
print ret
for i in ret:
print(i.name)
结果:
[<__main__.User object at 0x00000000031978D0>, <__main__.User object at 0x0000000003197978>, <__main__.User object at 0x00000000031979E8>, <__main__.User object at 0x0000000003197A58>, <__main__.User object at 0x000000000316BE10>, <__main__.User object at 0x000000000316BE48>, <__main__.User object at 0x0000000003197940>]
woshiyaoge
woshiyaoge
woshiyaoge
woshiyaoge
sbyao
liuyao
mayun

方式6:
#查询user表里根据id排序输入0到3的字段
ret = session.query(User).order_by(User.id)[0:3]
print ret
for i in ret:
print(i.name)
结果:
[<__main__.User object at 0x00000000030F59E8>, <__main__.User object at 0x00000000030C9E80>, <__main__.User object at 0x00000000030C9C88>]
woshiyaoge
woshiyaoge
woshiyaoge
方式7:
# 创建Query查询,filter是where条件,最后调用one()返回唯一行,如果调用all()则返回所有行:
user = session.query(User).filter(User.id=='5').one()
#打印类型和对象的name属性:
print 'type:', type(user)
print 'name:', user.name

 

7.外键关联

由于关系数据库的多个表还可以用外键实现一对多、多对多等关联,相应地,ORM框架也可以提供两个对象之间的一对多、多对多等功能。

1)一对多(一个User可以有多个Address)

外键引用relationship()
例:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding:utf8
#导入所需模块
from sqlalchemy import create_engine,func
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String,ForeignKey
from  sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker,relationship
#生成sqlorm基类
Base = declarative_base()
#创建数据库连接 
engine = create_engine("mysql+mysqldb://root:123456@121.42.195.15:3306/test", max_overflow=5)
#目的是一个人可以拥有多本书,那么在数据库里的一对多关系
class User(Base):
    #表名
    __tablename__ = 'user'
    #id字段
    id = Column(String(20), primary_key=True)
    #名字字段
    name = Column(String(20))
    # 一对多:#内容不是表名而是定义的表结构名字
    books = relationship('Book')
class Book(Base):
    #表面
    __tablename__ = 'book'
    #id字段
    id = Column(String(20), primary_key=True)
    #名字字段
    name = Column(String(20))
    # “多”的一方的book表是通过外键关联到user表的:
    #ForeignKey是外键 关联user表的id字段
    user_id = Column(String(20), ForeignKey('user.id'))
#创建所需表
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    #绑定,生成回话
    SessionCls = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
    session = SessionCls()
    #创建用户
    liuyao = User(id='1',name='liuyao')
    ali=User(id='2',name='ali')
    #添加字段
    session.add_all([liuyao,ali])
    #提交
    session.commit()
    #创建白鹿原这本书,指定谁是拥有者
    Whitedeer = Book(id='1',name='White_deer',user_id = '1')
    #创建三体这本书,指定谁是拥有者
    Threebody = Book(id='2',name='Three_body',user_id = '2')
    #添加字段
    session.add_all([Whitedeer,Threebody])
    #提交
    session.commit()
结果:

表:
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_liuyao |
+------------------+
| book             |
| user             |
+------------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)

user表:
mysql> select * from user;
+----+--------+
| id | name   |
+----+--------+
| 1  | liuyao |
| 2  | ali    |
+----+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

book表#已经显示关联哪个user表id
mysql> select * from book;
+----+------------+---------+
| id | name       | user_id |
+----+------------+---------+
| 1  | White_deer | 1       |
| 2  | Three_body | 2       |
+----+------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2)多对多

建立一个双向一对多关系,“反向”是一个许多人,指定一个额外的relationship()函数
并连接两个使用relationship.back_populates参数
简单来说, relationship函数是sqlalchemy对关系之间提供的一种便利的调用方式, backref参数则对关系提供反向引用的声明。在最新版本的sqlalchemy中对relationship引进了back_populates参数。

先创建数据库:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding:utf8
from sqlalchemy import Column, Sequence, String, Integer, ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy import create_engine # 导入创建连接驱动
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship, backref
# 这个url可以用urlparse解析, 其中echo=True表示执行时显示sql语句
engine = create_engine("mysql+mysqldb://root:123456@121.42.195.15:3306/test", max_overflow=5)
#生成了declarative基类, 以后的model继承此类 Base = declarative_base() class Parent(Base): __tablename__ = 'parent' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(64),unique=True,nullable=False) children = relationship("Child", back_populates="parent") class Child(Base): __tablename__ = 'child' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(64),unique=True,nullable=False) parent_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('parent.id')) parent = relationship("Parent", back_populates="children") Base.metadata.create_all(engine) #创建所有表结构 if __name__ == '__main__': SessionCls = sessionmaker(bind=engine) #创建与数据库的会话session class ,注意,这里返回给session的是个class,不是实例 session = SessionCls() mama = Parent(id='1',name='mamaxx') baba = Parent(id='2',name='babaoo') session.add_all([mama,baba]) # onesb = Child(id='1',name='onesb',parent_id='2') # twosb = Child(id='2',name='twosb',parent_id='2') #session.add_all([onesb,twosb]) session.commit()

 

3.)多对多之三表外键关联

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding:utf8
from sqlalchemy import create_engine,func,Table
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String,ForeignKey
from  sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker,relationship
Base = declarative_base()
#关系表
Host2Group = Table('host_2_group',Base.metadata,
               Column('host_id',ForeignKey('hosts.id'),primary_key=True),
               Column('group_id',ForeignKey('group.id'),primary_key=True),
               )
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding:utf8
from sqlalchemy import create_engine,func,Table
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String,ForeignKey
from  sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker,relationship
Base = declarative_base()
#关系表
Host2Group = Table('host_2_group',Base.metadata,
               Column('host_id',ForeignKey('hosts.id'),primary_key=True),
               Column('group_id',ForeignKey('group.id'),primary_key=True),
               )
engine = create_engine("mysql+mysqldb://liuyao:liuyao@121.42.195.15:3306/liuyao", max_overflow=5)
class Host(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'hosts'
    id = Column(Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
    hostname = Column(String(64),unique=True,nullable=False)
    ip_addr = Column(String(128),unique=True,nullable=False)
    port = Column(Integer,default=22)
    groups = relationship('Group',
                      secondary= Host2Group,
                      backref = 'host_list')
class Group(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'group'
    id = Column(Integer,primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String(64),unique=True,nullable=False)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    SessionCls = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
    session = SessionCls()
    g1 = Group(name='g1')
    g2 = Group(name='g2')
    g3 = Group(name='g3')
    g4 = Group(name='g4')
    session.add_all([g1,g2,g3,g4])
    session.commit()
class Host(Base): __tablename__ = 'hosts' id = Column(Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True) hostname = Column(String(64),unique=True,nullable=False) ip_addr = Column(String(128),unique=True,nullable=False) port = Column(Integer,default=22) groups = relationship('Group', secondary= Host2Group, backref = 'host_list') class Group(Base): __tablename__ = 'group' id = Column(Integer,primary_key=True) name = Column(String(64),unique=True,nullable=False) if __name__ == '__main__': SessionCls = sessionmaker(bind=engine) session = SessionCls() g1 = Group(name='g1') g2 = Group(name='g2') g3 = Group(name='g3') g4 = Group(name='g4') session.add_all([g1,g2,g3,g4]) session.commit()

 

 参考博文: http://www.cnblogs.com/liu-yao/p/5342656.html

 

posted @ 2016-07-27 19:19  yxy_linux  阅读(352)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报