PXE安装操作系统

TFTP服务

     用PXE安装操作系统依赖于DHCP服务和TFTP服务

     网卡一般都内置的TFTP客户端的程序

     systemctl enable tftp     systemctl enable  dhcpd

[root@centos7 dhcp]# yum install tftp-server
[root@centos7 dhcp]# rpm -ql tftp-server
/etc/xinetd.d/tftp
/usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket
/usr/sbin/in.tftpd
/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2
/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2/CHANGES
/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2/README
/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2/README.security
/usr/share/man/man8/in.tftpd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/tftpd.8.gz
/var/lib/tftpboot
#安装客户端
[root@yxh6 ~]# yum install tftp
[root@yxh6 ~]# tftp 192.168.231.7
tftp> get file   
#file存在服务端的/var/lib/tftpboot目录下

 

搭建PXE服务器

[root@centos7 html]#yum install httpd
[root@centos7 html]# systemctl start httpd
[root@centos7 html]# vi /etc/fstab
/dev/sr0             /var/www/html/centos7          iso9660       defautls 0   0
[root@centos7 html]# mount -a
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@centos7 html]# mkdir ksdir{6,7}
[root@centos7 html]# ls
centos6  centos7  ksdir6  ksdir7
[root@centos7 html]# cp /root/anaconda-ks.cfg ksdir7/ks7_desktop.cfg
[root@centos7 html]# cd ksdir7
[root@centos7 ksdir7]# ls
ks7_desktop.cfg
[root@centos7 ksdir7]# ll
total 4
-rw------- 1 root root 1737 May 27 00:06 ks7_desktop.cfg
[root@centos7 ksdir7]# chmod 644 ks7_desktop.cfg 
[root@centos7 ksdir7]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1737 May 27 00:06 ks7_desktop.cfg

[root@centos7 dhcp]# vi dhcpd.conf 
#配置和自动安装系统相关的配置

subnet 192.168.231.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
  range 192.168.231.10 192.168.231.20;
  option routers 192.168.231.254;
  next-server 192.168.231.7;
  filename "pxelinux.0";
}

[root@centos7 dhcp]# systemctl restart dhcpd.service
[root@centos7 dhcp]# systemctl enable dhcpd httpd

[root@centos7 dhcp]# yum install  tftp-server syslinux
[root@centos7 dhcp]# cd /var/lib/tftpboot
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# mkdir pxelinux.cfg/
#pxelinux.0 文件来自于 syslinux软件包,必须先安装syslinux
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0  .
[root@centos7 tftpboot]# cp /var/www/html/centos7/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img,vesamenu.c32} /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@centos7 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos7/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
[root@centos7 pxelinux.cfg]# vi default 
label linux
  menu label ^Install Desktop7
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://192.168.231.7/ksdir7/ks7_desktop.cfg
[root@centos7 pxelinux.cfg]#systemctl enable tftp.socket
[root@centos7 pxelinux.cfg]#systemctl start  tftp

#version=DEVEL
# System authorization information
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use CDROM installation media
url --url=http://192.168.231.7/centos7
# Use graphical install
#graphical
text
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --enable
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
# System language
lang en_US.UTF-8
reboot
# Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --onboot=on --ipv6=auto --no-activate
network  --hostname=centosmy7.localdomain

# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $6$RzUIKaLkncGUm9SL$FtuXzR8IpSz2OEQp.LlDrDH1O62SMrZ/Gj06iTSNqlxWma/aHf21lpikhNln6UgNyuL/HqGUrM45feTBkMC1T0
# System services
services --disabled="chronyd"
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
# X Window System configuration information
xconfig  --startxonboot
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --none --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=2048
part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=51200
part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=30720
part /boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=1024

%packages
@base
@core
@dial-up
@fonts
@guest-agents
@print-client
@x11
kexec-tools

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end

%post
 systemctl disable initial-setup.service
 systemctl  disable  initial-setup-graphical.service
 systemctl set-default multi-user.target
 mkdir -p /root/oscreate
 useradd laozijiadeuser
%end

 

 新创建一个虚拟机，把网卡的网段设置成和服务器为同一个网段,启动机器出现下图

 

PXE安装多个版本的系统

    安装不同版本的操作系统,需要分别拷贝对应的内核文件和ks文件,不能混合使用

mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/
cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/tftpboot/
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/centos{6,7}

cp  /var/www/html/centos/7/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/centos7/
cp  /var/www/html/centos/6/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/centos6/


cp /var/www/html/centos/7/isolinux/isolinux.cfg  /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 

cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 
default menu.c32
timeout 600

menu title www.yxh.com

label centos7
  menu label ^Install  Desktop CentOS  7
  kernel centos7/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos7/initrd.img ks=http://192.168.30.17/ksdir/ks7_desktop.cfg

label centos6
  menu label install ^Mini CentOS 6
  menu default
  kernel centos6/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos6/initrd.img ks=http://192.168.30.17/ksdir/ks6_mini.cfg
label local
  menu label Boot from ^local drive
  localboot 0xffff
menu end

tree /var/lib/tftpboot/
/var/lib/tftpboot/
├── centos6
│├── initrd.img
│└── vmlinuz
├── centos7
│├── initrd.img
│ └── vmlinuz
├── menu.c32
├── pxelinux.0
└── pxelinux.cfg
    └── default

 

Linux配置服务的一般步骤

1.检查防火墙和selinux
2.安装包
3.启动服务
4.检查服务是否成功启动
5.在客户端执行命令测试
6.每个服务都有自己的工作主目录