【BZOJ4126】【BZOJ3516】【BZOJ3157】国王奇遇记 线性插值

题目描述

  三倍经验题。

  给你\(n,m\),求

\[\sum_{i=1}^ni^mm^i \]

  \(n\leq {10}^9,1\leq m\leq 500000\)

题解

  当\(m=1\)\(ans=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\)

  剩下的部分这篇博客有讲YWW's Blog

  时间复杂度:\(O(m+\log n)\)

代码

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const ll p=1000000007;
ll fp(ll a,ll b)
{
	ll s=1;
	for(;b;b>>=1,a=a*a%p)
		if(b&1)
			s=s*a%p;
	return s;
}
int pri[100010];
int b[1000010];
int cnt;
ll s[1000010];
ll fac[1000010];
ll ifac[1000010];
ll inv[1000010];
ll f1[1000010];
ll f2[1000010];
ll f[1000010];
ll pre[1000010];
ll suf[1000010];
ll getc(int x,int y)
{
	return fac[x]*ifac[y]%p*ifac[x-y]%p;
}
int main()
{
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
	freopen("bzoj4126.in","r",stdin);
	freopen("bzoj4126.out","w",stdout);
#endif
	int n,m;
	scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
	if(m==1)
	{
		printf("%lld\n",ll(n)*(n+1)/2%p);
		return 0;
	}
	n++;
	fac[0]=fac[1]=ifac[0]=ifac[1]=inv[1]=1;
	for(int i=2;i<=m+2;i++)
	{
		inv[i]=-p/i*inv[p%i]%p;
		ifac[i]=ifac[i-1]*inv[i]%p;
		fac[i]=fac[i-1]*i%p;
	}
	s[0]=0;
	s[1]=1;
	for(int i=2;i<=m+2;i++)
	{
		if(!b[i])
		{
			s[i]=fp(i,m);
			pri[++cnt]=i;
		}
		for(int j=1;j<=cnt&&i*pri[j]<=m+2;j++)
		{
			b[i*pri[j]]=1;
			s[i*pri[j]]=s[i]*s[pri[j]]%p;
			if(i%pri[j]==0)
				break;
		}
	}
	f1[0]=1;
	f2[0]=0;
	ll invm=fp(m,p-2);
	for(int i=1;i<=m+1;i++)
	{
		f1[i]=f1[i-1]*invm%p;
		f2[i]=(f2[i-1]+s[i-1])*invm%p;
	}
	ll v1=0,v2=0;
	for(int i=0;i<=m+1;i++)
	{
		v1=(v1+((m+1-i)&1?-1:1)*getc(m+1,i)*f1[i])%p;
		v2=(v2+((m+1-i)&1?-1:1)*getc(m+1,i)*f2[i])%p;
	}
	f[0]=-v2*fp(v1,p-2)%p;
	for(int i=1;i<=m+1;i++)
		f[i]=(f1[i]*f[0]+f2[i])%p;
	if(n<=m+1)
	{
		ll ans=fp(m,n)*f[n]-f[0];
		ans=(ans%p+p)%p;
		printf("%lld\n",ans);
		return 0;
	}
	for(int i=0;i<=m;i++)
	{
		pre[i]=n-i;
		if(i)
			pre[i]=pre[i-1]*pre[i]%p;
	}
	for(int i=m;i>=0;i--)
	{
		suf[i]=n-i;
		if(i!=m)
			suf[i]=suf[i+1]*suf[i]%p;
	}
	ll ans=0;
	for(int i=0;i<=m;i++)
	{
		ll v=1;
		if(i)
			v=v*pre[i-1]%p;
		if(i!=m)
			v=v*suf[i+1]%p;
		ans=(ans+f[i]*v%p*ifac[i]%p*ifac[m-i]%p*((m-i)&1?-1:1))%p;
	}
	ans=fp(m,n)*ans-f[0];
	ans=(ans%p+p)%p;
	printf("%lld\n",ans);
	return 0;
}
posted @ 2018-03-19 10:43  ywwyww  阅读(424)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报