WPF 数据模板Data Template

数据模板 DataTemplate 

控件模板决定了数据的展示形式和用户体检,在软件UI设计中非常重要。同样数据的展示形式越来越多样化,正所谓:横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同。同样的数据内容,在DataGrid中的展示是文本的列表形式,在ComboBox中是下拉框的形式。给数据披上外衣,将数据和形式解耦,是一种新的发展趋势。

1. DataGrid
a. 数据模板

DataGrid是可以自定义网格数据显示的控件,通过自定义显示的列模板,可以实现各式各样的展现方式。列定义如下:

DataGrid的列定义,通过Binding="{Binding Name}"的方式绑定属性,通过ElementStyle="{StaticResource one_center}"的方式绑定样式。

DataGrid预制了几种列展示数据的方式,如:DataGridTextColumn【文本】,DataGridCheckBoxColumn【复选框】,DataGridComboBoxColumn【下拉框】,DataGridHyperlinkColumn【链接】等,如果使用数据模板,则采用DataGridTemplateColumn进行定义。

UI示例如下所示:
<Window x:Class="WpfApp2.A1Window"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp2"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="数据模板示例" Height="450" Width="650">
    <Window.Resources>
        <Style x:Key="one_center" TargetType="TextBlock">
            <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter>
            <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter>
</Style>
        <Style x:Key="one_header" TargetType="DataGridColumnHeader">
            <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter>
            <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter>
            <Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter>
            <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="0"></Setter>
</Style>
    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <DataGrid x:Name="one"  Margin="10" AutoGenerateColumns="False"  CanUserAddRows="False"  CanUserSortColumns="False" BorderThickness="0" >
            <DataGrid.Columns>
                <DataGridTextColumn Header="姓名" Binding="{Binding Name}" Width="*" ElementStyle="{StaticResource one_center}" HeaderStyle="{StaticResource one_header}"  />
                <DataGridTextColumn Header="年龄" Binding="{Binding Age}" Width="*" ElementStyle="{StaticResource one_center}" HeaderStyle="{StaticResource one_header}"/>
                <DataGridTextColumn Header="性别" Binding="{Binding Sex}" Width="*" ElementStyle="{StaticResource one_center}" HeaderStyle="{StaticResource one_header}"/>
                <DataGridTextColumn Header="班级" Binding="{Binding Classes}" Width="*" ElementStyle="{StaticResource one_center}" HeaderStyle="{StaticResource one_header}"/>
                <DataGridTemplateColumn Header="操作" Width="*" HeaderStyle="{StaticResource one_header}">
                    <DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
                        <DataTemplate>
                            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center">
                                <Button x:Name="edit" Content="编辑" Width="60" Margin="3" Height="25"></Button>
                                <Button x:Name="delete" Content="删除" Width="60" Margin="3" Height="25"></Button>
                            </StackPanel>
                        </DataTemplate>
                    </DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
                </DataGridTemplateColumn>
            </DataGrid.Columns>
        </DataGrid>
    </Grid>
</Window>

b. 后台数据绑定

后台数据绑定通过ItemsSource进行赋值,绑定的数据的属性名,要和DataGrid的列绑定数据的名称保持一致,如下所示:

namespace WpfApp2
{
    /// <summary>
    /// A1Window.xaml 的交互逻辑
    /// </summary>
    public partial class A1Window : Window
    {
        public A1Window()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
 
            List<Student> lst = new List<Student>();
            lst.Add(new Student() { Name = "张三", Age = 22, Sex = "", Classes = "一班" });
            lst.Add(new Student() { Name = "李四", Age = 21, Sex = "", Classes = "二班" });
            lst.Add(new Student() { Name = "王五", Age = 20, Sex = "", Classes = "一班" });
            lst.Add(new Student() { Name = "刘大", Age = 19, Sex = "", Classes = "三班" });
            lst.Add(new Student() { Name = "麻子", Age = 18, Sex = "", Classes = "四班" });
            one.ItemsSource = lst;
        }
    }
 
 
    public class Student
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
 
        public int Age { get; set; }
 
        public string Sex { get; set; }
 
        public string Classes { get; set; }
    }
}

2. ListBox和ComboBox
a. 数据模板

ListBox,ComboBox,均是包含可选择的项的列表,只是ListBox不需要下拉显示,ComboBox需要下拉显示。通过定义数据模板,可以丰富数据的展示形式。

通过ItemTemplate="{StaticResource item_template}"的形式,进行数据模板的绑定。如下所示:
<Window x:Class="WpfApp2.A2Window"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp2"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="数据模板示例" Height="450" Width="800">
    <Window.Resources>
        <DataTemplate x:Key="item_template">
            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="5 ,0">
                <Border Width="10" Height="10" Background="{Binding Code}"></Border>
                <TextBlock Text="{Binding Code}" Margin="5,0" ></TextBlock>
            </StackPanel>
        </DataTemplate>
    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <StackPanel Margin="3" Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center">
            <ComboBox x:Name="one" Height="25" Width="120" Margin="5" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource item_template}"></ComboBox>
            <ListBox x:Name="two"  Width="120" Margin="5" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource item_template}"></ListBox>
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>
b. 后台数据绑定

与DataGrid一样,后台通过ItemsSource进行数据的绑定。如下所示:
namespace WpfApp2
{
    /// <summary>
    /// A2Window.xaml 的交互逻辑
    /// </summary>
    public partial class A2Window : Window
    {
        public A2Window()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            List<Color> lst = new List<Color>();
            lst.Add(new Color() { Code = "#FE8C00" });
            lst.Add(new Color() { Code = "#1F7F50" });
            lst.Add(new Color() { Code = "#AA8C00" });
            lst.Add(new Color() { Code = "#FEAA00" });
            lst.Add(new Color() { Code = "#008CAA" });
            lst.Add(new Color() { Code = "#FEBB00" });
            one.ItemsSource = lst;
            two.ItemsSource = lst;
        }
    }
 
    public class Color
    {
        public string Code { get; set; }
    }
}

3. ItemsControl
a. 数据模板

ItemsControl,主要用于展示集合数据的项,也是列表控件的一种。ItemsControl 需要设置两个内容:

ItemsControl.ItemsPanel,做为数据展示的容器。

ItemsControl.ItemTemplate,用于单个数据的展示形式。

具体如下所示:

<Window x:Class="WpfApp2.A3Window"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp2"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="A3Window" Height="450" Width="800">
    <Grid>
        <ItemsControl x:Name="one">
            <ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
                <ItemsPanelTemplate>
                    <WrapPanel></WrapPanel>
                </ItemsPanelTemplate>
            </ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
            <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <Button Width="50" Height="50" Margin="5" Content="{Binding Code}"></Button>
                </DataTemplate>
            </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
        </ItemsControl>
    </Grid>
</Window>
b. 后台数据绑定

与DataGrid一样,后台通过ItemsSource进行数据的绑定。如下所示:

 
namespace WpfApp2
{
    /// <summary>
    /// A3Window.xaml 的交互逻辑
    /// </summary>
    public partial class A3Window : Window
    {
        public A3Window()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            List<Test> lst = new List<Test>();
            lst.Add(new Test() { Code = "1" });
            lst.Add(new Test() { Code = "2" });
            lst.Add(new Test() { Code = "3" });
            lst.Add(new Test() { Code = "4" });
            lst.Add(new Test() { Code = "5" });
            lst.Add(new Test() { Code = "6" });
            one.ItemsSource = lst;
        }
    }
 
    public class Test
    {
        public string Code { get; set; }
    }
}

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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/weijia3624/article/details/135269199

 

posted @ 2024-09-20 17:51  【君莫笑】  阅读(68)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报