实验三

实验1代码：

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <string>
 5 
 6 using std::string;
 7 using std::cout;
 8 
 9 // 按钮类
10 class Button {
11 public:
12     Button(const string &text);
13     string get_label() const;
14     void click();
15 
16 private:
17     string label;
18 };
19 
20 Button::Button(const string &text): label{text} {
21 }
22 
23 inline string Button::get_label() const {
24     return label;
25 }
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 #include "window.hpp"
31 #include <iostream>
32 
33 using std::cout;
34 using std::cin;
35 
36 void test() {
37     Window w1("new window");
38     w1.add_button("maximize");
39     w1.display();
40     w1.close();
41 }
42 
43 int main() {
44     cout << "用组合类模拟简单GUI:\n";
45     test();
46 }
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 #pragma once
52 #include "button.hpp"
53 #include <vector>
54 #include <iostream>
55 
56 using std::vector;
57 using std::cout;
58 using std::endl;
59 
60 // 窗口类
61 class Window{
62 public:
63     Window(const string &win_title);
64     void display() const;
65     void close();
66     void add_button(const string &label);
67 
68 private:
69     string title;
70     vector<Button> buttons;
71 };
72 
73 Window::Window(const string &win_title): title{win_title} {
74     buttons.push_back(Button("close"));
75 }
76 
77 inline void Window::display() const {
78     string s(40, '*');
79 
80     cout << s << endl;
81     cout << "window title: " << title << endl;
82     cout << "It has " << buttons.size() << " buttons: " << endl;
83     for(const auto &i: buttons)
84         cout << i.get_label() << " button" << endl;
85     cout << s << endl;
86 }
87 
88 void Window::close() {
89     cout << "close window '" << title << "'" << endl;
90     buttons.at(0).click();
91 }
92 
93 void Window::add_button(const string &label) {
94     buttons.push_back(Button(label));
95 }

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问题1：自定义两个类，按钮类和窗口类，标准库使用了vector类，窗口类和vector类进行了组合

问题2：不适合，const类型函数为常量函数，无法对其值进行改变，而inline为内联函数，强行将

其他函数转化为内联函数可能会导致运行时间增加

问题3：将字符串s赋值为40个*

实验2代码：

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <vector>
 3 
 4 using namespace std;
 5 
 6 void output1(const vector<int> &v) {
 7     for(auto &i: v)
 8         cout << i << ", ";
 9     cout << "\b\b \n";
10 }
11 
12 void output2(const vector<vector<int>> v) {
13     for(auto &i: v) {
14         for(auto &j: i)
15             cout << j << ", ";
16         cout << "\b\b \n";
17     }
18 }
19 
20 void test1() {
21     vector<int> v1(5, 42);
22     const vector<int> v2(v1);
23 
24     v1.at(0) = -999;
25     cout << "v1: ";  output1(v1);
26     cout << "v2: ";  output1(v2);
27     cout << "v1.at(0) = " << v1.at(0) << endl;
28     cout << "v2.at(0) = " << v2.at(0) << endl;
29 }
30 
31 void test2() {
32     vector<vector<int>> v1{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}};
33     const vector<vector<int>> v2(v1);
34 
35     v1.at(0).push_back(-999);
36     cout << "v1: \n";  output2(v1);
37     cout << "v2: \n";  output2(v2);
38 
39     vector<int> t1 = v1.at(0);
40     cout << t1.at(t1.size()-1) << endl;
41     
42     const vector<int> t2 = v2.at(0);
43     cout << t2.at(t2.size()-1) << endl;
44 }
45 
46 int main() {
47     cout << "测试1:\n";
48     test1();
49 
50     cout << "\n测试2:\n";
51     test2();
52 }

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问题1：创建一个含有5个int类型的元素的动态数组v1，值为42，将v1复制给v2，将v1的第一个元素赋值为-999

问题2：创建一个含有两个元素类型为int的动态数组的动态数组v1，将v1复制给v2，v1的第一个数组末尾插入-999

问题3：创建一个动态数组t1，将v1的第一个数组赋值给他，输出t1中第四个元素，创建一个动态数组t2，将v2的第一个数组赋值给他，输出t2中第三个元素

问题4：深复制，不需要

实验3代码：

  1 #pragma once
  2 
  3 #include <iostream>
  4 #include <cassert>
  5 
  6 using std::cout;
  7 using std::endl;
  8 
  9 // 动态int数组对象类
 10 class vectorInt{
 11 public:
 12     vectorInt(int n);
 13     vectorInt(int n, int value);
 14     vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi);
 15     ~vectorInt();
 16 
 17     int& at(int index);
 18     const int& at(int index) const;
 19 
 20     vectorInt& assign(const vectorInt &v);
 21     int get_size() const;
 22 
 23 private:
 24     int size;
 25     int *ptr;       // ptr指向包含size个int的数组
 26 };
 27 
 28 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
 29 }
 30 
 31 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n, int value): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
 32     for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
 33         ptr[i] = value;
 34 }
 35 
 36 vectorInt::vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi): size{vi.size}, ptr{new int[size]} {
 37     for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
 38         ptr[i] = vi.ptr[i];
 39 }
 40 
 41 vectorInt::~vectorInt() {
 42     delete [] ptr;
 43 }
 44 
 45 const int& vectorInt::at(int index) const {
 46     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
 47 
 48     return ptr[index];
 49 }
 50 
 51 int& vectorInt::at(int index) {
 52     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
 53 
 54     return ptr[index];
 55 }
 56 
 57 
 58 
 59 
 60 
 61 #include "vectorInt.hpp"
 62 #include <iostream>
 63 
 64 using std::cin;
 65 using std::cout;
 66 
 67 void output(const vectorInt &vi) {
 68     for(auto i = 0; i < vi.get_size(); ++i)
 69         cout << vi.at(i) << ", ";
 70     cout << "\b\b \n";
 71 }
 72 
 73 
 74 void test1() {
 75     int n;
 76     cout << "Enter n: ";
 77     cin >> n;
 78 
 79     vectorInt x1(n);
 80     for(auto i = 0; i < n; ++i)
 81         x1.at(i) = i*i;
 82     cout << "x1: ";  output(x1);
 83 
 84     vectorInt x2(n, 42);
 85     vectorInt x3(x2);
 86     x2.at(0) = -999;
 87     cout << "x2: ";  output(x2);
 88     cout << "x3: ";  output(x3);
 89 }
 90 
 91 void test2() {
 92     const vectorInt  x(5, 42);
 93     vectorInt y(10, 0);
 94 
 95     cout << "y: ";  output(y);
 96     y.assign(x);
 97     cout << "y: ";  output(y);
 98     
 99     cout << "x.at(0) = " << x.at(0) << endl;
100     cout << "y.at(0) = " << y.at(0) << endl;
101 }
102 
103 int main() {
104     cout << "测试1: \n";
105     test1();
106 
107     cout << "\n测试2: \n";
108     test2();
109 }

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问题1：深复制

问题2：不能正确运行，有，如果返回值是引用变量可能会改变数组中元素的值

实验4代码:

  1 #pragma once
  2 
  3 #include <cassert>
  4 #include <iostream>
  5 
  6 using std::cout;
  7 using std::endl;
  8 
  9 // 类Matrix的声明
 10 class Matrix {
 11 public:
 12   Matrix(int n, int m);    // 构造函数，构造一个n*m的矩阵, 初始值为value
 13   Matrix(int n);           // 构造函数，构造一个n*n的矩阵, 初始值为value
 14   Matrix(const Matrix &x); // 复制构造函数， 使用已有的矩阵X构造
 15   ~Matrix();
 16 
 17   void set(const double *pvalue); // 用pvalue指向的连续内存块数据按行为矩阵赋值
 18   void clear();                   // 把矩阵对象的值置0
 19 
 20   const double &at(int i, int j) const; // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素const引用
 21   double &at(int i, int j);             // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用
 22 
 23   int get_lines() const; // 返回矩阵对象行数
 24   int get_cols() const;  // 返回矩阵对象列数
 25 
 26   void display() const; // 按行显示矩阵对象元素值
 27 
 28 private:
 29   int lines; // 矩阵对象内元素行数
 30   int cols;  // 矩阵对象内元素列数
 31   double *ptr;
 32 };
 33 
 34 // 类Matrix的实现：待补足
 35 Matrix::Matrix(int n, int m) : lines(n), cols(m) {
 36   ptr = new double[n * m];
 37   clear();
 38 }
 39 
 40 Matrix::Matrix(int n) : Matrix(n, n) {}
 41 
 42 Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix &x) : lines(x.lines), cols(x.cols) {
 43   ptr = new double[lines * cols];
 44   for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
 45     ptr[i] = x.ptr[i];
 46 }
 47 
 48 Matrix::~Matrix() {
 49   delete[] ptr;
 50 }
 51 
 52 void Matrix::set(const double *pvalue) {
 53   for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
 54     ptr[i] = pvalue[i];
 55 }
 56 
 57 void Matrix::clear() {
 58   for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
 59     ptr[i] = 0;
 60 }
 61 
 62 const double &Matrix::at(int i, int j) const {
 63   if(i >= 0 && i < lines && j >= 0 && j < cols)
 64     return ptr[i * cols + j];
 65 }
 66 
 67 double &Matrix::at(int i, int j) {
 68   if(i >= 0 && i < lines && j >= 0 && j < cols)
 69     return ptr[i * cols + j];
 70 }
 71 
 72 int Matrix::get_lines() const {
 73   return lines;
 74 }
 75 
 76 int Matrix::get_cols() const {
 77   return cols;
 78 }
 79 
 80 void Matrix::display() const {
 81   for (int i = 0; i < lines; i++) {
 82     for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
 83       cout << ptr[i * cols + j] << " ";
 84     }
 85     cout << endl;
 86   }
 87 }
 88 
 89 
 90 
 91 
 92 
 93 #include "matrix.hpp"
 94 #include <cassert>
 95 #include <iostream>
 96 #include <numeric>
 97 
 98 using std::cin;
 99 using std::cout;
100 using std::endl;
101 
102 const int N = 1000;
103 
104 // 输出矩阵对象索引为index所在行的所有元素
105 void output(const Matrix &m, int index) {
106   assert(index >= 0 && index < m.get_lines());
107 
108   for (auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j)
109     cout << m.at(index, j) << ", ";
110   cout << "\b\b \n";
111 }
112 
113 void test1() {
114   double x[1000];
115 
116   std::iota(x, x + N, 1); // 用1到N初始化数组x
117 
118   int n, m;
119   cout << "Enter n and m: ";
120   cin >> n >> m;
121 
122   Matrix m1(n, m); // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小n×m
123   m1.set(x);       // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
124 
125   Matrix m2(m, n); // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小m×n
126   m2.set(x);       // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
127 
128   Matrix m3(2); // 创建一个2×2矩阵对象
129   m3.set(x);    // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m4赋值
130 
131   cout << "矩阵对象m1: \n";
132   m1.display();
133   cout << endl;
134   cout << "矩阵对象m2: \n";
135   m2.display();
136   cout << endl;
137   cout << "矩阵对象m3: \n";
138   m3.display();
139   cout << endl;
140 }
141 
142 void test2() {
143   Matrix m1(2, 3);
144   m1.clear();
145 
146   const Matrix m2(m1);
147   m1.at(0, 0) = -999;
148 
149   cout << "m1.at(0, 0) = " << m1.at(0, 0) << endl;
150   cout << "m2.at(0, 0) = " << m2.at(0, 0) << endl;
151   cout << "矩阵对象m1第0行: ";
152   output(m1, 0);
153   cout << "矩阵对象m2第0行: ";
154   output(m2, 0);
155 }
156 
157 int main() {
158   cout << "测试1: \n";
159   test1();
160 
161   cout << "测试2: \n";
162   test2();
163 }

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实验5代码：

  1 #pragma once
  2 
  3 #include<iostream>
  4 #include<string>
  5 
  6 using namespace std;
  7 
  8 
  9 class User{
 10     public:
 11         User(string Name);
 12         User(string Name,string Password,string Email);
 13         ~User();
 14         void set_email();
 15         void change_password();
 16         void display();
 17     private:
 18         string name,password="123456",email="xyz@gmail.com"; 
 19 }; 
 20 User::User(string Name){
 21     name=Name;
 22 }
 23 
 24 User::~User()=default;
 25 
 26 User::User(string Name,string Password,string Email){
 27     name=Name;
 28     password=Password;
 29     email=Email;
 30 }
 31 
 32 
 33 
 34 void User::set_email(){
 35     string v;
 36     int x=0;
 37     cout<<"请输入邮箱地址：";
 38     cin>>v;
 39     for(auto i:v){
 40         if(i=='@'){
 41             x=1;
 42             break;
 43         }
 44     }
 45     while(!x){
 46         cout<<"请输入有效邮箱地址：";
 47         cin>>v;
 48         for(auto i:v){
 49         if(i=='@'){
 50             x=1;
 51             break;
 52         }
 53         }
 54     }
 55     email=v;
 56     cout<<"邮箱已成功设置!"<<endl<<endl;
 57 }
 58 
 59 
 60 void User::change_password(){
 61     string v1,v2;
 62     int t=0;
 63     cout<<"请输入旧密码：";
 64     cin>>v1;
 65     if(v1==password){
 66         cout<<"请输入新密码：";
 67         cin>>v2;
 68         password=v2;
 69     }
 70     else{
 71         cout<<"密码错误!"<<endl<<endl; 
 72         t++;
 73         while(t<3){
 74             cout<<"请输入旧密码：";
 75             cin>>v1;
 76             if(v1==password)
 77                break;
 78             t++;
 79             cout<<"密码错误!"<<endl<<endl;
 80         }
 81         if(t>=3){
 82             cout<<"请稍后再试"<<endl<<endl;
 83             return;
 84         }
 85         else{
 86             cout<<"请输入新密码：";
 87             cin>>v2;
 88             password=v2; 
 89         }
 90     }
 91     cout<<"密码已修改完成！"<<endl<<endl;
 92 }
 93 
 94 
 95 void User::display(){
 96     cout<<name<<endl;
 97     for(auto i:password)
 98         cout<<'*';
 99     cout<<endl;
100     cout<<email<<endl; 
101 }
102 
103 
104 
105 
106 #include "user.hpp"
107 #include <iostream>
108 #include <string>
109 #include <vector>
110 
111 using std::cin;
112 using std::cout;
113 using std::endl;
114 using std::string;
115 using std::vector;
116 
117 void test() {
118   vector<User> user_lst;
119 
120   User u1("Alice", "2024113", "Alice@hotmail.com");
121   user_lst.push_back(u1);
122   cout << endl;
123 
124   User u2("Bob");
125   u2.set_email();
126   u2.change_password();
127   user_lst.push_back(u2);
128   cout << endl;
129 
130   User u3("Hellen");
131   u3.set_email();
132   u3.change_password();
133   user_lst.push_back(u3);
134   cout << endl;
135 
136   cout << "There are " << user_lst.size() << " users. they are: " << endl;
137   for (auto &i : user_lst) {
138     i.display();
139     cout << endl;
140   }
141 }
142 
143 int main() { test(); }

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实验6代码：

  1 #pragma once
  2  class Date {
  3     private:
  4         int year;
  5         int month;
  6         int day;
  7         int totalDays;
  8     public:
  9         Date(int year, int month, int day);
 10         int getYear()const { return year; }
 11         int getMonth()const { return month; }
 12         int getDay()const { return day; }
 13         int getMaxDay()const;
 14         bool isLeapYear()const {
 15             return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
 16         }
 17     void show() const;
 18     int distance(const Date& date)const {
 19         return totalDays - date.totalDays;
 20     }
 21 };
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 #include "date.h"
 26 #include <iostream>
 27 #include <cstdlib>
 28 using namespace std;
 29 namespace {
 30     //namespace使下面的定义只在当前文件中有效
 31         const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 356 };
 32 }
 33 Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) :year(year), month(month), day(day) {
 34     if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
 35         cout << "Invalid date: ";
 36         show();
 37         cout << endl;
 38         exit(1);
 39     }
 40     int years = year - 1;
 41     totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
 42     if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
 43 }
 44 int Date::getMaxDay() const {
 45     if (isLeapYear() && month == 2) return 29;
 46     else return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
 47 }
 48 void Date::show() const {
 49     cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
 50 }
 51 
 52 
 53 
 54 #ifndef __ACCOUNT_H__
 55 #define __ACCOUNT_H__
 56 #include "date.h"
 57 #include <string>
 58 class SavingsAccount {//储蓄账户类
 59  private:
 60     std::string id;//账号
 61         double balance;//余额
 62         double rate;//存款的年利率
 63         Date lastDate;//上次变更余额的时期
 64         double accumulation;//按日累加以和
 65         static double total;//所有账户的总金额
 66              //记录一笔账，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
 67         void record(const Date & date, double amount, const std::string & desc);
 68     //报告错误信息
 69         void error(const std::string & msg) const;
 70     //获得指定日期为止的存款金额按日累增值
 71         double accumulate(const Date & date) const {
 72         return accumulation + balance * date.distance(lastDate);
 73     }
 74 public:
 75     //构造函数
 76         SavingsAccount(const Date & date, const std::string & id, double rate);//获得账号
 77         const std::string & getId() const { return id; } //获得余额
 78         double getBalance() const { return balance; } //获得年利率
 79         double getRate() const { return rate; }
 80     static double getTotal() { return total; }//存入现金
 81  void deposit(const Date & date, double amount, const std::string & desc);//取出现金
 82         void withdraw(const Date & date, double amount, const std::string & desc);//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
 83         void settle(const Date & date);
 84         //显示账户信息
 85         void show() const;
 86 };
 87 #endif //__ACCOUNT_H__#pragma once
 88 
 89 
 90 
 91 
 92 #include "account.h"
 93 #include <cmath>
 94 #include <iostream>
 95 using namespace std;
 96 double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
 97 //SavingsAccount类相关成员函数的实现
 98  SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date &date,const string &id,double rate):id(id),balance(0),rate(rate),lastDate(date),accumulation(0){
 99     date.show();
100     cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;
101 }
102 void SavingsAccount::record(const Date & date, double amount, const string & desc) {
103     accumulation = accumulate(date);
104     lastDate = date;
105     amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
106     //保留小数点后两位
107         balance += amount;
108     total += amount;
109     date.show();
110     cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
111 }
112 void SavingsAccount::error(const string & msg) const {
113     cout << "Error(#" << id << "): " << msg << endl;
114 }
115 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date & date, double amount, const string & desc) {
116     record(date, amount, desc);
117 }
118 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date & date, double amount, const string & desc) {
119     if (amount > getBalance())
120         error("not enough money");
121     else
122         record(date, -amount, desc);
123 }
124 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date & date) {
125     double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
126     if (interest != 0)
127         record(date, interest, "interest");
128     accumulation = 0;
129 }
130 void SavingsAccount::show() const {
131     cout << "ID: " << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
132 }
133 
134 
135 
136 
137 #include "account.h"
138 #include <iostream>
139 using namespace std;
140 int main() {
141     Date date(2008, 11, 1);
142     //起始日期
143         //建立几个账户
144         SavingsAccount accounts[] = {
145        SavingsAccount(date, "03755217", 0.015),
146        SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015)
147      };
148     //几笔账目
149         accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
150     accounts[1].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
151     accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
152     accounts[1].withdraw(Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");
153     //结算所有账户并输出各个账户信息
154         cout << endl;
155     for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(SavingsAccount); i++) {
156         accounts[i].settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
157         accounts[i].show();
158         cout << endl;
159     }
160     cout << "Total: " << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
161     return 0;
162 }

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posted @ 2024-11-09 19:09 严文奇阅读(6) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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