Training—Best Practices for User Experience & UI Part 2

接下来介绍怎么使用Notification。

首先需要一个NotificationCompat.Builder ，并使用 A small icon, set by setSmallIcon()，A title, set by setContentTitle()，Detail text, set by setContentText()。

除此之外，一般还会为这个通知设置一个Action，即打开一个Activity，通过一个包含了intent的PendingIntent来启动。

Intent resultIntent = new Intent(this, ResultActivity.class);
...
// Because clicking the notification opens a new ("special") activity, there's
// no need to create an artificial back stack.
PendingIntent resultPendingIntent =
    PendingIntent.getActivity(
    this,
    0,
    resultIntent,
    PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT
);

并通过下面的方法来绑定：

PendingIntent resultPendingIntent;
...
mBuilder.setContentIntent(resultPendingIntent);

做完上面的操作之后，接下来就是现实通知了：

NotificationCompat.Builder mBuilder;
...
// Sets an ID for the notification
int mNotificationId = 001;
// Gets an instance of the NotificationManager service
NotificationManager mNotifyMgr = 
        (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
// Builds the notification and issues it.
mNotifyMgr.notify(mNotificationId, mBuilder.build());

首先获得一个NotificationManager实例，然后使用notify方法，参数是ID以及Notification对象（通过build方法返回）。

从通知启动一个Activity有两种情况，一种是Regular activity ，另外一种是 Special activity 。声明完相关的Activity之后就能用下面的方法创建ACtivity了。

Intent resultIntent = new Intent(this, ResultActivity.class);
TaskStackBuilder stackBuilder = TaskStackBuilder.create(this);
// Adds the back stack
stackBuilder.addParentStack(ResultActivity.class);
// Adds the Intent to the top of the stack
stackBuilder.addNextIntent(resultIntent);
// Gets a PendingIntent containing the entire back stack
PendingIntent resultPendingIntent =
        stackBuilder.getPendingIntent(0, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
...
NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this);
builder.setContentIntent(resultPendingIntent);
NotificationManager mNotificationManager =
    (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
mNotificationManager.notify(id, builder.build());

注意这里使用了addParentStack和addNextIntent，在之前所讲的是直接用addNextIntentWithParentStack。

接下来讲讲Special activity，Special activity的特别在于不需要back stack，进一步说明就是它就是一个Activity，没有什么需要后退的。

首先进行相关申明：

<activity
    android:name=".ResultActivity"
...
    android:launchMode="singleTask"
    android:taskAffinity=""
    android:excludeFromRecents="true">
</activity>
...

android:name="activityclass"
The activity's fully-qualified class name.
android:taskAffinity=""
Combined with the FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK flag that you set in code, this ensures that this Activity doesn't go into the application's default task. Any existing tasks that have the application's default affinity are not affected.
android:excludeFromRecents="true"
Excludes the new task from Recents, so that the user can't accidentally navigate back

接下来代码里体现：

// Instantiate a Builder object.
NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this);
// Creates an Intent for the Activity
Intent notifyIntent =
        new Intent(new ComponentName(this, ResultActivity.class));
// Sets the Activity to start in a new, empty task
notifyIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK | 
        Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK);
// Creates the PendingIntent
PendingIntent notifyIntent =
        PendingIntent.getActivity(
        this,
        0,
        notifyIntent,
        PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT
);

// Puts the PendingIntent into the notification builder
builder.setContentIntent(notifyIntent);
// Notifications are issued by sending them to the
// NotificationManager system service.
NotificationManager mNotificationManager =
    (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
// Builds an anonymous Notification object from the builder, and
// passes it to the NotificationManager
mNotificationManager.notify(id, builder.build());

其实主要就是新建一个back stack 给他，而如果要做到这一个的话就需要通过相关声明以及设置intent的setFlags。

更新通知

只需要在ID那里写上需要更新的通知ID即可。

mNotificationManager =
        (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
// Sets an ID for the notification, so it can be updated
int notifyID = 1;
mNotifyBuilder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this)
    .setContentTitle("New Message")
    .setContentText("You've received new messages.")
    .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_notify_status)
numMessages = 0;
// Start of a loop that processes data and then notifies the user
...
    mNotifyBuilder.setContentText(currentText)
        .setNumber(++numMessages);
    // Because the ID remains unchanged, the existing notification is
    // updated.
    mNotificationManager.notify(
            notifyID,
            mNotifyBuilder.build());
...

而关于删除通知的有：

Notifications remain visible until one of the following happens:

The user dismisses the notification either individually or by using "Clear All" (if the notification can be cleared).

The user touches the notification, and you called setAutoCancel() when you created the notification.

You call cancel() for a specific notification ID. This method also deletes ongoing notifications.

You call cancelAll(), which removes all of the notifications you previously issued.

用户操作的就不说了，在生成notification的时候你设置了setAutoCancel()那么用户点击之后notification就会自动消失。

你也可以使用cancel()或者cancelAll()，这个方法由notificationManage拥有。

接下来说一说比较特别的notification，有点像自定义的那种，叫做big view。实现也比较容易。

// Sets up the Snooze and Dismiss action buttons that will appear in the
// big view of the notification.
Intent dismissIntent = new Intent(this, PingService.class);
dismissIntent.setAction(CommonConstants.ACTION_DISMISS);
PendingIntent piDismiss = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, dismissIntent, 0);

Intent snoozeIntent = new Intent(this, PingService.class);
snoozeIntent.setAction(CommonConstants.ACTION_SNOOZE);
PendingIntent piSnooze = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, snoozeIntent, 0);

// Constructs the Builder object.
NotificationCompat.Builder builder =
        new NotificationCompat.Builder(this)
        .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_stat_notification)
        .setContentTitle(getString(R.string.notification))
        .setContentText(getString(R.string.ping))
        .setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_ALL) // requires VIBRATE permission
        /*
         * Sets the big view "big text" style and supplies the
         * text (the user's reminder message) that will be displayed
         * in the detail area of the expanded notification.
         * These calls are ignored by the support library for
         * pre-4.1 devices.
         */
        .setStyle(new NotificationCompat.BigTextStyle()
                .bigText(msg))
        .addAction (R.drawable.ic_stat_dismiss,
                getString(R.string.dismiss), piDismiss)
        .addAction (R.drawable.ic_stat_snooze,
                getString(R.string.snooze), piSnooze);

接下来教你怎么在通知栏里显示进度，先直接上代码：

mNotifyManager =
        (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
mBuilder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this);
mBuilder.setContentTitle("Picture Download")
    .setContentText("Download in progress")
    .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_notification);
// Start a lengthy operation in a background thread
new Thread(
    new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            int incr;
            // Do the "lengthy" operation 20 times
            for (incr = 0; incr <= 100; incr+=5) {
                    // Sets the progress indicator to a max value, the
                    // current completion percentage, and "determinate"
                    // state
                    mBuilder.setProgress(100, incr, false);
                    // Displays the progress bar for the first time.
                    mNotifyManager.notify(0, mBuilder.build());
                        // Sleeps the thread, simulating an operation
                        // that takes time
                        try {
                            // Sleep for 5 seconds
                            Thread.sleep(5*1000);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            Log.d(TAG, "sleep failure");
                        }
            }
            // When the loop is finished, updates the notification
            mBuilder.setContentText("Download complete")
            // Removes the progress bar
                    .setProgress(0,0,false);
            mNotifyManager.notify(ID, mBuilder.build());
        }
    }
// Starts the thread by calling the run() method in its Runnable
).start();

看了代码应该就很清楚了，值得一提的是记得在下载完成之后给出相关提示，取消显示进度使用 setProgress(0, 0, false).。

记得setProgress的第三个参数，如果为true则表示是不确定的，例如安装进度等，如果是false则表明是确定的，例如下载进度。

接下来介绍怎么使用Search View

首先要有一个布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:id="@+id/search"
          android:title="@string/search_title"
          android:icon="@drawable/ic_search"
          android:showAsAction="collapseActionView|ifRoom"
          android:actionViewClass="android.widget.SearchView" />
</menu>

关于布局的，如果你已经有自己的布局文件了那么添加item标签的内容就行了。比较特别的属性就是collapsibleActionView，设置该属性能当你需要搜索的时候让搜索框占满整个actionbar，不需要的时候就缩回去。

然后代码

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
    MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
    inflater.inflate(R.menu.options_menu, menu);

    return true;
}

除此之外我们还需要一个searchable.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<searchable xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:hint="@string/search_hint" />

至少要有label 。

然后在Activity里或者application里：

<activity ... >
    ...
    <meta-data android:name="android.app.searchable"
            android:resource="@xml/searchable" />

</activity>

android:name="android.app.searchable"是必须的。

当然还需要代码

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
    MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
    inflater.inflate(R.menu.options_menu, menu);

    // Associate searchable configuration with the SearchView
    SearchManager searchManager =
           (SearchManager) getSystemService(Context.SEARCH_SERVICE);
    SearchView searchView =
            (SearchView) menu.findItem(R.id.search).getActionView();
    searchView.setSearchableInfo(
            searchManager.getSearchableInfo(getComponentName()));

    return true;
}

接下来需要一个专门搜索的Activity

<activity android:name=".SearchResultsActivity" ... >
    ...
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEARCH" />
    </intent-filter>
    ...
</activity>

然后写一个Activity

public class SearchResultsActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        ...
        handleIntent(getIntent());
    }

    @Override
    protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
        ...
        handleIntent(intent);
    }

    private void handleIntent(Intent intent) {

        if (Intent.ACTION_SEARCH.equals(intent.getAction())) {
            String query = intent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.QUERY);
            //use the query to search your data somehow
        }
    }
    ...
}

posted @ 2013-11-18 22:44 yutoulck 阅读(263) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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Training—Best Practices for User Experience & UI Part 2

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