Python 网络编程

1. 基于socket网络编程

服务端代码：

import socket

# 创建一个socket对象
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# 绑定IP地址（或主机名）和端口号
s.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8080))
# 监听端口
s.listen()
while True:
    # 阻塞程序，等待客户端连接
    conn, address = s.accept()
    print(address)
    # 接收客户端数据
    data = conn.recv(1024)
    print(data.decode())
    # 向客户端发送数据
    conn.send('This is server.'.encode())
    conn.close()
s.close()

客户端代码：

import socket

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# 连接服务器
s.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8080))
s.send('Who are you?'.encode())
data = s.recv(1024)
print(data.decode())
s.close()

2. 基于URL网络编程

import urllib.request
import urllib.parse

url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s'
# HTTP请求参数，字典对象
params_dict = {'ie':'utf-8', 'f':8, 'rsv_bp':1, 'tn':'baidu', 'wd':163}
# 将字典转换为字符串
params_str = urllib.parse.urlencode(params_dict)

# 组装请求URL
url = url + '?' + params_str
print(url)
# 创建Request对象，data参数没有指定则是GET请求，否则是POST请求
req = urllib.request.Request(url)
# 发送HTTP请求
with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as response:
    data = response.read()
    json_data = data.decode()
    print(json_data)