Python设计模式——配适器模式(Adapter)

配适器模式(Adapter)

目的：配适器主要用于，在一个已有类的基础上，封装一个新的符合协议的接口，使这个类可以按照已知协议调用

示例

from typing import Callable, TypeVar

# TypeVar("T) 意思是，可以是任意类型， 
# TypeVar('A', str, bytes) 意思是，必须为str或者bytes
T = TypeVar("T")

# 4个不同的类，接口各有差异
class Dog:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.name = "Dog"

    def bark(self) -> str:
        return "woof!"


class Cat:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.name = "Cat"

    def meow(self) -> str:
        return "meow!"


class Human:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.name = "Human"

    def speak(self) -> str:
        return "'hello'"


class Car:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.name = "Car"

    def make_noise(self, octane_level: int) -> str:
        return f"vroom{'!' * octane_level}"

class Adapter:
    """Adapts an object by replacing methods.

    Usage
    ------
    dog = Dog()
    dog = Adapter(dog, make_noise=dog.bark)
    """

    def __init__(self, obj: T, **adapted_methods: Callable):
        """We set the adapted methods in the object's dict."""
        self.obj = obj
        self.__dict__.update(adapted_methods)

    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        """All non-adapted calls are passed to the object."""
        return getattr(self.obj, attr)

    def original_dict(self):
        """Print original object dict."""
        return self.obj.__dict__

def main():
    """
    >>> objects = []
    >>> dog = Dog()
    >>> print(dog.__dict__)
    {'name': 'Dog'}

    >>> objects.append(Adapter(dog, make_noise=dog.bark))

    >>> objects[0].__dict__['obj'], objects[0].__dict__['make_noise']
    (<...Dog object at 0x...>, <bound method Dog.bark of <...Dog object at 0x...>>)

    >>> print(objects[0].original_dict())
    {'name': 'Dog'}

    >>> cat = Cat()
    >>> objects.append(Adapter(cat, make_noise=cat.meow))
    >>> human = Human()
    >>> objects.append(Adapter(human, make_noise=human.speak))
    >>> car = Car()
    >>> objects.append(Adapter(car, make_noise=lambda: car.make_noise(3)))

    >>> for obj in objects:
    ...    print("A {0} goes {1}".format(obj.name, obj.make_noise()))
    A Dog goes woof!
    A Cat goes meow!
    A Human goes 'hello'
    A Car goes vroom!!!
    """


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest

    doctest.testmod(optionflags=doctest.ELLIPSIS)

附1 - Callable

from typing import Callable

# Callable ，判断对象是否可调用

def print_name(name: str):
    print(name)

print(isinstance(print_name, Callable))
# 输出结果 True 

x = 1
print(isinstance(x, Callable))
# 输出结果 False