(摘录) (ASWS) Chap6 Application

6 Applications

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Horizontal Information Products at Elsevier

1. vertical product

产品分为传统的类别（如物理，生物，计算机等），每种产品都属于其中一个类别（或一个类别中的一部分）

2. horizontal product

给定一个话题，找到跟这个话题有关的所有文章（这些文章可能不是在同一个类别中，而是分散在不同类别的期刊里）

3. Current Status

Cross-journal querying use keying work is OK, but the semantic problem remains largely unsolved (e.g. how to handle the extensive homonym and synonym).

4. thesauri

thesaurus是辞典的意思，thesauri应该是它的复数形式。

Very lightweight ontologies,  proved to be a key technology for effective information access because they help to overcome some of the problems of free-text search by relating and grouping relevant terms in a specific domain as well as providing a controlled vocabulary for indexing information.

现在许多领域里已经开发了一些thesauri。比如医药领域的MeSH，Elsevier life science thesaurus EMTREE

6.3 Data Integration at Audi

1. data integration problem

6.2里和这里提到的都是data integration problem.

Elsevier实行data integration的目的是方便用户查询；在大型企业(如Audi，Boeing, HP and others)内部，也存在着data integration的要求。

2. the fundamental challenge of integration

the sharing of information based on the intended meaning, the semantics of the data.

3. Camera的例子

使用SW技术来解决同名属性的问题。

4． 解决此类问题来开展业务的公司

Unicorn (Israel), Ontoprise (Germany), Network Inference (UK)等。

6.4 Skill Finding at Swiss Life

Swiss Life是欧洲最好的人寿保险公司之一，问题：

How to list the large number of different skills?

How to organise them so that they can be retrieved across geographical and cultural boundaries?

How to ensure that the repository is updated frequently?

6.5 Think Tank Portal at EnerSearch

EnerSearch is an industrial research consortium focused on information technology in energy.

6.6 e-Learning

1． Current status

Learning has not been personalized but rather aimed at mass participation.

2. Three types of knowledge in e-learning environment

content ontology

the basic concepts of the domain in which learning takes place

pedagogy ontology

For example, material can be classified as lecture, tutorial, example, walk-through, exercise, solution, and so on.

structure ontology

e.g. hierarchical and navigational relations like previous, next, hasPart, isPartOf, requires, and isBasedOn.

6.7 Web Services

service profiles

service models

service groundings

Web services are an application area where Artificial Intelligence techniques can be used effectively,

6.8 Other Scenarios

Online Procurement at Daimler-Chrysler

This online procurement is one of the major drivers behind business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce.

Reference

<http://business.semanticweb.org>. A very good resource on the use of Semantic Web technolgy in companies, and a list of providers of Semantic Web technology.