你可能不知道的python

1.如何循环获得下标,使用 enumerate

ints = ['a','b','c','d','e','f']

for idx, val in enumerate(ints):
    print idx, val

结果:

0 a
1 b
2 c
3 d
4 e
5 f

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2.python  中的switch 替代语法,使用字典

xdef test(par):
    print par

def test1():
    print 1000

def test3(par):
    print par

def f(x):
    return {
        'a': test,
        'b': test1,
        }.get(x, test3)

print f('a')(100)
print f(4)(100)

结果:

100

100
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3.如何在非创建全局变量的时候使用全局变量,使用global关键字

globvar = 0

def test4():
    global globvar    
    globvar = 10

def test5():
    print globvar     

test4()
test5() 

结果为10

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4.为什么是string.join(list)而不是list.join(string)

my_list = ["Hello", "world"]
print "-".join(my_list)
#为什么不是 my_list.join("-") 。。。。这个....

因为所有可迭代对象都可以被连接,而不只是列表,但是连接者总是字符串

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5.如何反向输出一个字符串?

'test'[::-1]

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6.如何随机生成大写字母和数字组成的字符串?

import string, random
''.join(random.choice(string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits) for x in range(N))

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7.如何将一个字符串转成字典?

使用内建模块 ast.literal_eval

import ast
print ast.literal_eval("{'muffin' : 'lolz', 'foo' : 'kitty'}")

结果为:{'muffin': 'lolz', 'foo': 'kitty'}

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8.如何填充字符串

n = '4'
print n.zfill(3)
n = 4
print '%03d' % n
print "{0:03d}".format(4) # python >= 2.6

结果:

004
004
004

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9.如何判断一个列表为空?

if not a:
    print "List is empty"
#不要用len(a)来判断

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10.列表append 和extend 的区别?

>>> x = [1, 2]
>>> x.append(3)
>>> x
[1, 2, 3]
>>> x.append([4,5])
>>> x
[1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]
>>>
>>> x = [1, 2, 3]
>>> x.extend([4, 5])
>>> x
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

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11.如何随机的从列表中获得变量?

foo = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
from random import choice
print choice(foo)

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12.如何将列表切成长度相同的序列?

def chunks(l, n):
    return [l[i:i+n] for i in range(0, len(l), n)]

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13. 列表如何去重?

def f7(seq):
  seen = set()
  seen_add = seen.add
  return [ x for x in seq if x not in seen and not seen_add(x)]

print  f7([1,2,3,4,3,2,4,5,6,5,4,3])

结果:[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

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14.遍历list的时候删除某些元素?

#在原有对象上进行修改
somelist[:] = [x for x in somelist if determine(x)]

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15.如何扁平一个二维数组?

l = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6], [7], [8,9]]
变为[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
1.[item for sublist in l for item in sublist]

2.import itertools
list2d = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6], [7], [8,9]]
merged = list(itertools.chain(*list2d))
print merged

# python >= 2.6
import itertools
list2d = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6], [7], [8,9]]
merged = list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(list2d))

print merged

3.print sum(list2d,[])

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16.如何获得list元素的下标?

["foo","bar","baz"].index('bar')
1

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17.如何将一个字典换成object

def dict2obj(args):
    '把字典递归转化为类'
    class obj(object):
        def __init__(self, d):
            for a, b in d.items():
                if isinstance(b, (list, tuple)):
                    setattr(self, a, [obj(x) if isinstance(x, dict) else x for x in b])
                else:
                    setattr(self, a, obj(b) if isinstance(b, dict) else b)
    return obj(args)

d = {'a': 1, 'b': {'c': 2}, 'd': ["hi", {'foo': "bar"}]}

x = dict2obj(d)

print x.a

1

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18.如何合并2字典?

>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': 11}
>>> z = x.update(y)
>>> print z
None
>>> x
{'a': 1, 'b': 10, 'c': 11}

我想要最终合并结果在z中,不是x,我要怎么做?

回答

这种情况下,可以使用

z = dict(x.items() + y.items())

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19.如何映射2列表成一个字典?

两个列表

keys = ('name', 'age', 'food')
values = ('Monty', 42, 'spam')

如何得到

dict = {'name' : 'Monty', 'age' : 42, 'food' : 'spam'}

使用zip

>>> keys = ['a', 'b', 'c']
>>> values = [1, 2, 3]
>>> dictionary = dict(zip(keys, values))
>>> print dictionary
{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

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20.排序一个列表所有dict,根据dict的值

lists = [{'name':'Homer', 'age':39}, {'name':'Bart', 'age':10},{'name':'Art', 'age':40}]

from operator import itemgetter
newlist = sorted(lists, key=itemgetter('name'))

print newlist

结果为:[{'age': 40, 'name': 'Art'}, {'age': 10, 'name': 'Bart'}, {'age': 39, 'name': 'Homer'}]

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posted @ 2013-11-20 23:03  yupeng  阅读(3670)  评论(2编辑  收藏  举报