Leetcode No.70 Climbing Stairs爬楼梯(c++实现)
1. 题目
https://leetcode.com/problems/climbing-stairs/
2. 分析
以下三种算法的详细介绍参考:https://yyqx.online/posts/leetcode70climbing-stairs/
2.1 自顶向下的递归暴力求解法
具体代码如下:
class Solution {
public:
int climbStairs(int n) {
if (n <= 2) { return n; }
return climbStairs(n - 1) + climbStairs(n - 2);
}
};
该算法极其简单粗暴,但是时间复杂度为O(\({2}^n\)),时间超时
2.2 自顶向下的记忆优化算法
由于上述算法中计算了大量的重复元素,因此可以用一个map存储这些元素,来节省时间
具体代码如下:
class Solution {
public:
unordered_map<int, int> cache;//存储已经计算过的climbStairs(n)
int climbStairs(int n) {
if (cache.find(n) != cache.end()) { return cache[n]; }//如果已经计算过,则不需要再计算
int result = 0;
if (n ==1 || n == 2) { result = n; }
else { result = climbStairs(n - 1) + climbStairs(n - 2); }
cache[n] = result;
return result;
}
};
2.3 自下向上的动态规划算法
具体代码如下:
class Solution {
public:
int climbStairs(int n) {
if (n ==1 || n == 2) { return n; }
int one_step_before = 2;
int two_steps_before = 1;
int now_steps = 0;
for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {
now_steps = one_step_before + two_steps_before;
two_steps_before = one_step_before;
one_step_before = now_steps;
}
return now_steps;
}
};
代码参考:https://leetcode.com/problems/climbing-stairs/discuss/25299/Basically-it's-a-fibonacci