scrapy 伪装代理和fake_userAgent的使用
伪装浏览器代理 在爬取网页是有些服务器对请求过滤的不是很高可以不用ip来伪装请求直接将自己的浏览器信息给伪装也是可以的。
第一中方法：
1.在setting.py文件中加入以下内容，这是一些浏览器的头信息
USER_AGENT_LIST = ['zspider/0.9-dev http://feedback.redkolibri.com/', 'Xaldon_WebSpider/2.0.b1', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US) Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedy_spider/)', 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Speedy Spider; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedy_spider/)', 'Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.3; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)', 'Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.2; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)', 'Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.1; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)', 'Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.0; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)', 'Speedy Spider (Beta/1.0; www.entireweb.com)', 'Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedy_spider/)', 'Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)', 'Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com)', 'Sosospider+(+http://help.soso.com/webspider.htm)', 'sogou spider', 'Nusearch Spider (www.nusearch.com)', 'nuSearch Spider (compatible; MSIE 4.01; Windows NT)', 'lmspider (lmspider@scansoft.com)', 'lmspider lmspider@scansoft.com', 'ldspider (http://code.google.com/p/ldspider/wiki/Robots)', 'iaskspider/2.0(+http://iask.com/help/help_index.html)', 'iaskspider', 'hl_ftien_spider_v1.1', 'hl_ftien_spider', 'FyberSpider (+http://www.fybersearch.com/fyberspider.php)', 'FyberSpider', 'everyfeed-spider/2.0 (http://www.everyfeed.com)', 'envolk[ITS]spider/1.6 (+http://www.envolk.com/envolkspider.html)', 'envolk[ITS]spider/1.6 ( http://www.envolk.com/envolkspider.html)', 'Baiduspider+(+http://www.baidu.com/search/spider_jp.html)', 'Baiduspider+(+http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.htm)', 'BaiDuSpider', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) AddSugarSpiderBot www.idealobserver.com', ]
2.在spider同级目录下建立一个MidWare文件价里面写一个HeaderMidWare.py文件 内容为
1 # encoding: utf-8
2 from scrapy.utils.project import get_project_settings
3 import random
4
5 settings = get_project_settings()
6
7 class ProcessHeaderMidware():
8 """process request add request info"""
9
10 def process_request(self, request, spider):
11 """
12 随机从列表中获得header， 并传给user_agent进行使用
13 """
14 ua = random.choice(settings.get('USER_AGENT_LIST'))
15 spider.logger.info(msg='now entring download midware')
16 if ua:
17 request.headers['User-Agent'] = ua
18 # Add desired logging message here.
19 spider.logger.info(u'User-Agent is : {} {}'.format(request.headers.get('User-Agent'), request))
20 pass
3.在setting.py文件中添加
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'projectName.MidWare.HeaderMidWare.ProcessHeaderMidware': 543,
}
第二种方法：fake_userAgent的使用
fake_userAgent是github上的开源项目
1.安装fake_userAgent
pip install fake-useragent
2.在spider同级目录下建立一个MidWare文件价里面写一个user_agent_middlewares.py文件内容为
1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2 from fake_useragent import UserAgent
3
4 class RandomUserAgentMiddlware(object):
5 #随机跟换user-agent
6 def __init__(self,crawler):
7 super(RandomUserAgentMiddlware,self).__init__()
8 self.ua = UserAgent()
9 self.ua_type = crawler.settings.get('RANDOM_UA_TYPE','random')#从setting文件中读取RANDOM_UA_TYPE值
10
11 @classmethod
12 def from_crawler(cls,crawler):
13 return cls(crawler)
14
15 def process_request(self,request,spider): ###系统电泳函数
16 def get_ua():
17 return getattr(self.ua,self.ua_type)
18 # user_agent_random=get_ua()
19 request.headers.setdefault('User_Agent',get_ua())
20 pass
3.在setting.py中添加
RANDOM_UA_TYPE = 'random'##random chrome DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 'projectName.MidWare.user_agent_middlewares.RandomUserAgentMiddlware': 543, 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware':None, }
fake_userAgent伪装代理就配置好了，与第一种方法相比不用写一大串的浏览器头，那些浏览器头会在
https://fake-useragent.herokuapp.com/browsers/0.1.7 中得到。
在第一次启用fake_userAgent的时候会有一些错，我认为是项目请求网络时需要缓存一些内容而导致的。
