数据分析第十一章 电子商务网站用户行为分析及服务推荐

一、连接数据库

import os
import pandas as pd

# 修改工作路径到指定文件夹
os.chdir(r"D:\py_project\a_三下\chapter11\demo")

import pymysql as pm

#con = pm.connect('localhost','root','123456','test',charset='utf8')
con=pm.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='123',db='test',charset='utf8')
data = pd.read_sql('select * from all_gzdata',con=con)
con.close()           #关闭连接

# 保存读取的数据
data.to_csv("D:\py_project\a_三下\chapter11\tmp", index=False, encoding='utf-8')

二、分析网页类型

import pandas as pd
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
 
engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:@localhost:3306/test?charset=utf8')
sql = pd.read_sql('all_gzdata', engine, chunksize = 10000)
# 分析网页类型
counts = [i['fullURLId'].value_counts() for i in sql] #逐块统计
counts = counts.copy()
counts = pd.concat(counts).groupby(level=0).sum()  # 合并统计结果，把相同的统计项合并（即按index分组并求和）
counts = counts.reset_index()  # 重新设置index，将原来的index作为counts的一列。
counts.columns = ['index', 'num']  # 重新设置列名，主要是第二列，默认为0
counts['type'] = counts['index'].str.extract('(\d{3})')  # 提取前三个数字作为类别id
counts_ = counts[['type', 'num']].groupby('type').sum()  # 按类别合并
counts_.sort_values(by='num', ascending=False, inplace=True)  # 降序排列
counts_['ratio'] = counts_.iloc[:,0] / counts_.iloc[:,0].sum()

print(counts_)

 

 三、知识类型内部统计

 

# 细分成三类：知识内容页、知识列表页、知识首页
def count107(i): #自定义统计函数
    j = i[['fullURL']][i['fullURLId'].str.contains('107')].copy()  # 找出类别包含107的网址
    j['type'] = None # 添加空列
    j['type'][j['fullURL'].str.contains('info/.+?/')]= '知识首页'
    j['type'][j['fullURL'].str.contains('info/.+?/.+?')]= '知识列表页'
    j['type'][j['fullURL'].str.contains('/\d+?_*\d+?\.html')]= '知识内容页'
    return j['type'].value_counts()
# 注意：获取一次sql对象就需要重新访问一下数据库(!!!)
#engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/test?charset=utf8')
sql = pd.read_sql('all_gzdata', engine, chunksize = 10000)

counts2 = [count107(i) for i in sql] # 逐块统计
counts2 = pd.concat(counts2).groupby(level=0).sum()  # 合并统计结果
print(counts2)
#计算各个部分的占比
res107 = pd.DataFrame(counts2)
# res107.reset_index(inplace=True)
res107.index.name= '107类型'
res107.rename(columns={'type':'num'}, inplace=True)
res107['比例'] = res107['num'] / res107['num'].sum()
res107.reset_index(inplace = True)
print(res107)

 

 四、统计带"?"的数据

def countquestion(i):  # 自定义统计函数
    j = i[['fullURLId']][i['fullURL'].str.contains('\?')].copy()  # 找出类别包含107的网址
    return j

#engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/test?charset=utf8')
sql = pd.read_sql('all_gzdata', engine, chunksize = 10000)

counts3 = [countquestion(i)['fullURLId'].value_counts() for i in sql]
counts3 = pd.concat(counts3).groupby(level=0).sum()
print(counts3)

# 求各个类型的占比并保存数据
df1 =  pd.DataFrame(counts3)
df1['perc'] = df1['fullURLId']/df1['fullURLId'].sum()*100
df1.sort_values(by='fullURLId',ascending=False,inplace=True)
print(df1.round(4))

 

五、统计具体类型占比

def page199(i): #自定义统计函数
    j = i[['fullURL','pageTitle']][(i['fullURLId'].str.contains('199')) & 
         (i['fullURL'].str.contains('\?'))]
    j['pageTitle'].fillna('空',inplace=True)
    j['type'] = '其他' # 添加空列
    j['type'][j['pageTitle'].str.contains('法律快车-律师助手')]= '法律快车-律师助手'
    j['type'][j['pageTitle'].str.contains('咨询发布成功')]= '咨询发布成功'
    j['type'][j['pageTitle'].str.contains('免费发布法律咨询' )] = '免费发布法律咨询'
    j['type'][j['pageTitle'].str.contains('法律快搜')] = '快搜'
    j['type'][j['pageTitle'].str.contains('法律快车法律经验')] = '法律快车法律经验'
    j['type'][j['pageTitle'].str.contains('法律快车法律咨询')] = '法律快车法律咨询'
    j['type'][(j['pageTitle'].str.contains('_法律快车')) | 
            (j['pageTitle'].str.contains('-法律快车'))] = '法律快车'
    j['type'][j['pageTitle'].str.contains('空')] = '空'
    
    return j
 
# 注意：获取一次sql对象就需要重新访问一下数据库
engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:@localhost:3306/test?charset=utf8')
sql = pd.read_sql('all_gzdata', engine, chunksize = 10000)# 分块读取数据库信息
#sql = pd.read_sql_query('select * from all_gzdata limit 10000', con=engine)
 
counts4 = [page199(i) for i in sql] # 逐块统计
counts4 = pd.concat(counts4)
d1 = counts4['type'].value_counts()
print(d1)
d2 = counts4[counts4['type']=='其他']
print(d2)
# 求各个部分的占比并保存数据
df1_ =  pd.DataFrame(d1)
df1_['perc'] = df1_['type']/df1_['type'].sum()*100
df1_.sort_values(by='type',ascending=False,inplace=True)
print(df1_)

 

 

六、统计无目的的浏览用户中各个类型占比

def xiaguang(i): #自定义统计函数
    j = i.loc[(i['fullURL'].str.contains('\.html'))==False,
              ['fullURL','fullURLId','pageTitle']]
    return j

# 注意获取一次sql对象就需要重新访问一下数据库
engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/test?charset=utf8')
sql = pd.read_sql('all_gzdata', engine, chunksize = 10000)# 分块读取数据库信息

counts5 = [xiaguang(i) for i in sql]
counts5 = pd.concat(counts5)

xg1 = counts5['fullURLId'].value_counts()
print(xg1)
# 求各个部分的占比
xg_ =  pd.DataFrame(xg1)
xg_.reset_index(inplace=True)
xg_.columns= ['index', 'num']
xg_['perc'] = xg_['num']/xg_['num'].sum()*100
xg_.sort_values(by='num',ascending=False,inplace=True)

xg_['type'] = xg_['index'].str.extract('(\d{3})') #提取前三个数字作为类别id    

xgs_ = xg_[['type', 'num']].groupby('type').sum() #按类别合并
xgs_.sort_values(by='num', ascending=False,inplace=True) #降序排列
xgs_['percentage'] = xgs_['num']/xgs_['num'].sum()*100

print(xgs_.round(4))

 

 

七、统计用户浏览网页次数的情况

# 分析网页点击次数
# 统计点击次数
engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/test?charset=utf8')
sql = pd.read_sql('all_gzdata', engine, chunksize = 10000)# 分块读取数据库信息

counts1 = [i['realIP'].value_counts() for i in sql] # 分块统计各个IP的出现次数
counts1 = pd.concat(counts1).groupby(level=0).sum() # 合并统计结果，level=0表示按照index分组
print(counts1)

counts1_ = pd.DataFrame(counts1)
counts1_
counts1['realIP'] = counts1.index.tolist()

counts1_[1]=1  # 添加1列全为1
hit_count = counts1_.groupby('realIP').sum()  # 统计各个“不同点击次数”分别出现的次数
# 也可以使用counts1_['realIP'].value_counts()功能
hit_count.columns=['用户数']
hit_count.index.name = '点击次数'

# 统计1~7次、7次以上的用户人数
hit_count.sort_index(inplace = True)
hit_count_7 = hit_count.iloc[:7,:]
time = hit_count.iloc[7:,0].sum()  # 统计点击次数7次以上的用户数
hit_count_7 = hit_count_7.append([{'用户数':time}], ignore_index=True)
hit_count_7.index = ['1','2','3','4','5','6','7','7次以上']
hit_count_7['用户比例'] = hit_count_7['用户数'] / hit_count_7['用户数'].sum()
print(hit_count_7)

 

 

八、分析浏览次数为一次的用户的行为

 

# 分析浏览一次的用户行为

engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/test?charset=utf8')
all_gzdata = pd.read_sql_table('all_gzdata', con = engine) # 读取all_gzdata数据

#对realIP进行统计
# 提取浏览1次网页的数据
real_count = pd.DataFrame(all_gzdata.groupby("realIP")["realIP"].count())
real_count.columns = ["count"]
real_count["realIP"] = real_count.index.tolist()
user_one = real_count[(real_count["count"] == 1)] # 提取只登录一次的用户
user_one.to_csv('D:\Python\数据处理/user_one.csv', index=False, encoding='utf-8')
inputfile ="D:\Python\数据处理/user_one1.csv"
user_one1 = pd.read_csv(inputfile) # 读取数据
real_one = pd.merge(user_one1, all_gzdata, left_on="realIP", right_on="realIP")

# 统计浏览一次的网页类型
URL_count = pd.DataFrame(real_one.groupby("fullURLId")["fullURLId"].count())
URL_count.columns = ["count"]
URL_count.sort_values(by='count', ascending=False, inplace=True) # 降序排列
# 统计排名前4和其他的网页类型
URL_count_4 = URL_count.iloc[:4,:]
time = hit_count.iloc[4:,0].sum() # 统计其他的
URLindex = URL_count_4.index.values
URL_count_4 = URL_count_4.append([{'count':time}], ignore_index=True)
URL_count_4.index = [URLindex[0], URLindex[1], URLindex[2], URLindex[3],
'其他']
URL_count_4['比例'] = URL_count_4['count'] / URL_count_4['count'].sum()
print(URL_count_4)

 

 

 

 

九、统计单用户浏览次数为一次的网页

# 在浏览1次的前提下, 得到的网页被浏览的总次数
fullURL_count = pd.DataFrame(real_one.groupby("fullURL")["fullURL"].count())
fullURL_count.columns = ["count"]
fullURL_count["fullURL"] = fullURL_count.index.tolist()
fullURL_count.sort_values(by='count', ascending=False, inplace=True)  # 降序排列

# 网页类型ID统计
fullURLId_count = merge_data['fullURLId'].value_counts()
fullURLId_count = fullURLId_count.reset_index()
fullURLId_count.columns = ['fullURLId', 'count']
fullURLId_count['percent'] = fullURLId_count['count'] / fullURLId_count['count'].sum() * 100
print('*****' * 10)
print(fullURLId_count)

# 用户点击一次 浏览的网页统计
fullURL_count = merge_data['fullURL'].value_counts()
fullURL_count = fullURL_count.reset_index()
fullURL_count.columns = ['fullURL', 'count']
fullURL_count['percent'] = fullURL_count['count'] / fullURL_count['count'].sum() * 100
print('*****' * 10)
print(fullURL_count)

 

十、删除不符合规范的网页

import os
import re
import pandas as pd
import pymysql as pm
from random import sample

# 修改工作路径到指定文件夹
os.chdir("D:\Python\数据处理")

# 读取数据
con = pm.connect('localhost','root','123456','test',charset='utf8')
data = pd.read_sql('select * from all_gzdata',con=con)
con.close()  # 关闭连接

# 取出107类型数据
index107 = [re.search('107',str(i))!=None for i in data.loc[:,'fullURLId']]
data_107 = data.loc[index107,:]

# 在107类型中筛选出婚姻类数据
index = [re.search('hunyin',str(i))!=None for i in data_107.loc[:,'fullURL']]
data_hunyin = data_107.loc[index,:]

# 提取所需字段(realIP、fullURL)
info = data_hunyin.loc[:,['realIP','fullURL']]

# 去除网址中“？”及其后面内容
da = [re.sub('\?.*','',str(i)) for i in info.loc[:,'fullURL']]
info.loc[:,'fullURL'] = da     # 将info中‘fullURL’那列换成da
# 去除无html网址
index = [re.search('\.html',str(i))!=None for i in info.loc[:,'fullURL']]
index.count(True)   # True 或者 1 ， False 或者 0
info1 = info.loc[index,:]
print(info1.head())

 

十一、构建模型

import pandas as pd
# 利用训练集数据构建模型
UI_matrix_tr = pd.DataFrame(0,index=IP_tr,columns=url_tr)
# 求用户－物品矩阵
for i in data_tr.index:
    UI_matrix_tr.loc[data_tr.loc[i,'realIP'],data_tr.loc[i,'fullURL']] = 1
sum(UI_matrix_tr.sum(axis=1))

# 求物品相似度矩阵（因计算量较大，需要耗费的时间较久）
Item_matrix_tr = pd.DataFrame(0,index=url_tr,columns=url_tr)
for i in Item_matrix_tr.index:
    for j in Item_matrix_tr.index:
        a = sum(UI_matrix_tr.loc[:,[i,j]].sum(axis=1)==2)
        b = sum(UI_matrix_tr.loc[:,[i,j]].sum(axis=1)!=0)
        Item_matrix_tr.loc[i,j] = a/b

# 将物品相似度矩阵对角线处理为零
for i in Item_matrix_tr.index:
    Item_matrix_tr.loc[i,i]=0

# 利用测试集数据对模型评价
IP_te = data_te.iloc[:,0]
url_te = data_te.iloc[:,1]
IP_te = list(set(IP_te))
url_te = list(set(url_te))

# 测试集数据用户物品矩阵
UI_matrix_te = pd.DataFrame(0,index=IP_te,columns=url_te)
for i in data_te.index:
    UI_matrix_te.loc[data_te.loc[i,'realIP'],data_te.loc[i,'fullURL']] = 1

# 对测试集IP进行推荐
Res = pd.DataFrame('NaN',index=data_te.index,
                   columns=['IP','已浏览网址','推荐网址','T/F'])
Res.loc[:,'IP']=list(data_te.iloc[:,0])
Res.loc[:,'已浏览网址']=list(data_te.iloc[:,1])

# 开始推荐
for i in Res.index:
    if Res.loc[i,'已浏览网址'] in list(Item_matrix_tr.index):
        Res.loc[i,'推荐网址'] = Item_matrix_tr.loc[Res.loc[i,'已浏览网址'],
                :].argmax()
        if Res.loc[i,'推荐网址'] in url_te:
            Res.loc[i,'T/F']=UI_matrix_te.loc[Res.loc[i,'IP'],
                    Res.loc[i,'推荐网址']]==1
        else:
            Res.loc[i,'T/F'] = False

# 保存推荐结果
Res.to_csv('D:\Python\数据处理/Res.csv',index=False,encoding='utf8')