8.4 parted：磁盘分区工具
parted
对于小于2TB的磁盘可以用fdisk和parted命令进行分区，这种情况一般采用flisk命令，但对于大于2TB的磁盘则只能用parted分区，且需要将磁盘转换为GPT格式。
parted [选项] [设备名]
-l 显示所有磁盘分区的信息
-h 查看帮助
[root@cs6 ~]# parted
GNU Parted 2.1
使用 /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) h
align-check TYPE N #<==检查磁盘分区，TYPE分为min/opt两个选择，N为磁盘分区号。
check NUMBER #<==简单检查文件系统。
cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER #<==将文件系统复制到另一个分区。
help [COMMAND] #<=查看帮助，简写h，还可以类似于help check 查看其他指令帮助。
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE #<==创建分区表*
mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE #<==创建文件系统。
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END #<==创建分区*。
mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END #<==创建带有文件系统的分区*。
move NUMBER START END #<==移动分区。
name NUMBER NAME #<==为分区命名
print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] #<==显示分区表信息，简写p*。
partitions, or a particular partition
quit #<==退出程序。
rescue START END #<==挽救临近“起始点”、”终止点”的 失的分区。
resize NUMBER START END #<==重设分区大小。
rm NUMBER #<==删除编号 NUMBER的分区*。
select DEVICE #<==选择要编辑的设备。
set NUMBER FLAG STATE #<==改变分区的标志。
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] #<==设置分区标志。
unit UNIT #<==设置默认单位。
version #<==显示版本号。
(parted)
显示分区情况的例子
[root@cs6 ~]# parted -l #<==显示所有磁盘分区的信息。
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) #<=磁盘型号，这里采用VMware虚拟化演示。
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2GB #<==磁盘大小。
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B #<==扇区大小，为msdos，这是适合disk分区的类型。
Partition Table: msdos #<==分区表类型。
Number Start End Size Type File system 标志
1 1049kB 525MB 524MB primary ext4 启动
2 525MB 32.2GB 31.7GB primary lvm
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system 标志
1 32.3kB 115MB 115MB primary ext4
2 115MB 1069MB 954MB extended
5 115MB 543MB 428MB logical
6 543MB 1069MB 526MB logical
上述内容每列说明具体如下：
Number：分区编号。
Start：分区开始位置。
End：分区结束位置。
Size：分区大小。
Type：分区类型。
primary：为主分区。
File system：文件系统，例如ext4、swap等。
Flags：标志位，boot为启动分区。
在虚拟机（VMware Workstation Pro）中模拟2TB以上的磁盘分区
步骤1：在虚拟机中添加一块1GB的硬盘，如图8-2所示。
步骤2：交互式分区。
[root@cs6 ~]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 2.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
Warning: Partition(s) on /dev/sdb are being used.
Ignore/Cancel? Ignore
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to
continue?
Yes/No? Yes
Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sdb (Device or resource busy). As a
result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.
(parted) mkpart primary 0 500
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? Ignore
Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sdb (Device or resource busy). As a
result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 500MB 500MB primary
(parted) mkpart logical 501 1000
Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sdb (Device or resource busy). As a
result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 500MB 500MB primary
2 501MB 1000MB 499MB logical #<-第一个逻辑分区已创建完毕。
(parted) quit
[root@cs6 ~]# ls /dev/sdb* #<==查看己分的分区，parted分区是即时生效的，没有保存的步骤。
/dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
后续格式化分区、分区挂载、开机自动挂载等步骤和fdisk分区实践的范例8-2完全相同，读者可前往参考。
非交互式分区（批量分区）案例
步骤1：先删除前面分的区。
[root@cs6 ~]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 2.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 500MB 500MB primary
2 501MB 1000MB 499MB logical
(parted) rm 1
(parted) rm 2
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@cs6 ~]# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb
步骤2：非交互创建分区命令。
[root@cs6 ~]# parted /dev/sdb mklabel gpt Yes #<=非交互创建分区的实质上就是将在交互窗口执行的命令作为参数。
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to
continue?
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@cs6 ~]# parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 0 500
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@cs6 ~]# parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 500 1000
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@cs6 ~]# parted /dev/sdb p #<==查看分区结果。
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 500MB 500MB primary
2 500MB 1000MB 500MB primary
