multipath

linux集成multipath软件用于识别多路径。

multipath和udev关系:

单块磁盘直接用udev做绑定和授权;multipath将多块磁盘合并成1块磁盘,再通过udev做绑定和授权。

 

补充:

在redhat6和redhat7略有些不同。

主要在于配置文件中这行代码在redhat7中没有。

 

 

 

redhat6配置文件

defaults {

        user_friendly_names yes

        find_multipaths yes

}

 

blacklist {

       wwid 26353900f02796769

        devnode "^(ram|raw|loop|fd|md|dm-|sr|scd|st)[0-9]*"

        devnode "^hd[a-z]"

        devnode "^sda"

}

 

multipaths {

       multipath {

               wwid                    14f504e46494c45524f564e7645362d374b306d2d68496c46

               alias                   oracle-fs01-5G

               path_grouping_policy    multibus

               #path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               failback                immediate

               rr_weight               priorities

               no_path_retry           5

       }

       multipath {

               wwid                    14f504e46494c4552794350396f362d4d5048582d67575747

               alias                   oracle-fs02-10G

               path_grouping_policy    multibus

               #path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               failback                immediate

               rr_weight               priorities

               no_path_retry           5

       }

 

}

 

devices {

       device {

               vendor                  "openfiler"

               product                 "virtual disk"

               path_grouping_policy    multibus

               getuid_callout          "/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/%n"

               path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               hardware_handler        "0"

       }

       device {

               vendor                  "openfiler"

               product                 "virtual disk"

               path_grouping_policy    multibus

               getuid_callout          "/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/%n"

               path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               hardware_handler        "0"

       }

 

}

 

 

redhat7配置文件

defaults {

        user_friendly_names yes

        find_multipaths yes

}

 

blacklist {

       wwid 26353900f02796769

        devnode "^(ram|raw|loop|fd|md|dm-|sr|scd|st)[0-9]*"

        devnode "^hd[a-z]"

        devnode "^sda"

}

 

multipaths {

       multipath {

               wwid                    14f504e46494c455277514b5457692d7466796c2d4f745058

               alias                   oracle-fs01-10G

               path_grouping_policy    multibus

               #path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               failback                immediate

               rr_weight               priorities

               no_path_retry           5

       }

       multipath {

               wwid                    14f504e46494c45523362636375652d473232552d53376150

               alias                   oracle-fs02-10G

               path_grouping_policy    multibus

               #path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               failback                immediate

               rr_weight               priorities

               no_path_retry           5

       }

        multipath {

               wwid                    14f504e46494c455269475a474a452d64534f4e2d6976574e

               alias                   oracle-arch-5G

               path_grouping_policy    multibus

               #path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               failback                immediate

               rr_weight               priorities

               no_path_retry           5

       }

       multipath {

               wwid                    14f504e46494c4552655a635138662d4667354c2d6f36596f

               alias                   oracle-data-7G

               path_grouping_policy    multibus

               #path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               failback                immediate

               rr_weight               priorities

               no_path_retry           5

       }

 

}

 

devices {

       device {

               vendor                  "openfiler"

               product                 "virtual disk"

               path_grouping_policy    multibus

               ###用于redhat6,redhat7没有这个

           #getuid_callout          "/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/%n"

               path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               hardware_handler        "0"

       }

       device {

               vendor                  "openfiler"

               product                 "virtual disk"

               path_grouping_policy    multibus

               ###用于redhat6,redhat7没有这个

               #getuid_callout          "/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/%n"

               path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               hardware_handler        "0"

       }

              device {

               vendor                  "openfiler"

               product                 "virtual disk"

               path_grouping_policy    multibus

               ###用于redhat6,redhat7没有这个

           #getuid_callout          "/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/%n"

               path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               hardware_handler        "0"

       }

       device {

               vendor                  "openfiler"

               product                 "virtual disk"

               path_grouping_policy    multibus

               ###用于redhat6,redhat7没有这个

               #getuid_callout          "/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/%n"

               path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               hardware_handler        "0"

       }

 

}

 

--------------------

 

前提条件

一、安装iscis initiator软件

二、iscsi服务是否启动和自启动

三、启动iscsi

四、识别存储

五、检查iscsi相关信息

另外,还要检查红帽的版本.

 

安装多路径软件

yum -y install device-mapper-multipath.x86_64

yum -y install device-mapper.x86_64

 

 

启动服务和开机启动

 

检查内核模块是否存在multipath,如果没有就添加模块

 

软件加载模块到内核中。当多路径出现故障后,通过什么方式切换,比如轮询方式

1、多路径模块

2、轮询算法

modprobe dm-multipath

modprobe dm-round-robin

 

启动服务

 

查看多路径状态

 

生成配置文件

提示multipath.conf不存在。需要运行/sbin/mpathconf生成。如果配置文件不生效,多路径服务可能启动不了。

 

    (1)生成配置文件(推荐使用方式)

    /sbin/mpathconf --enable

    (2)直接拷贝配置文件到/etc目录下

查看多路径状态

 

配置文件说明!!!

vim /etc/multipath.conf

一:

    排除本地盘,不让多路径识别到。

 

二:

    wwid:就是硬盘的uuid

    alias:别名,随便取名

    path_grouping_policy:路径组的策略,比如两条链路同时启用还是使用单条链路。

        默认:multibus,所有路径默认是能同时使用的。

        failover:每个优先组群有一个路径

    path_checker:

        readsector0默认读取第一扇区。

    path_selector:

        选择下一条路径进行IO,默认是轮询。

    failback:

        故障切换,manual参数是手工

    no_path_retry

        当路径失效后,尝试5次后切换。

其中四条链路同时使用时最优的方法,单条链路带宽可能不够

 

 

三:

设备配置。

ventor:存储供应商。

product:产品型号

path_grouping_policy:默认组策略

getuid_callout:获取唯一设备号的程序。方法是:

/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/sdc

path_checker:访问路径的方法,比如读取0扇区

path_selector:默认采用轮询

hardware_handler:将切换路径组或者处理IO错误时执行硬件具体操作的模块。

    默认为0

failback:

    当路径坏了多少秒后再切换。

 

 

四、defaults中的默认参数

 

这个表示是否使用别名?

 

 

获取磁盘的UUID,从输出内容中找寻代码。获取磁盘信息等。

multipath -v3

 

paths list

----------

uuid                                              hcil     dev dev_t pri dm_st

                                                  2:0:0:0  sda 8:0   1   undef

14f504e46494c4552794350396f362d4d5048582d67575747 40:0:0:0 sdb 8:16  1   undef

14f504e46494c4552794350396f362d4d5048582d67575747 39:0:0:0 sdc 8:32  1   undef

14f504e46494c45524f564e7645362d374b306d2d68496c46 39:0:0:1 sde 8:64  1   undef

14f504e46494c4552794350396f362d4d5048582d67575747 38:0:0:0 sdd 8:48  1   undef

14f504e46494c45524f564e7645362d374b306d2d68496c46 40:0:0:1 sdf 8:80  1   undef

14f504e46494c4552794350396f362d4d5048582d67575747 37:0:0:0 sdg 8:96  1   undef

14f504e46494c45524f564e7645362d374b306d2d68496c46 38:0:0:1 sdh 8:112 1   undef

14f504e46494c45524f564e7645362d374b306d2d68496c46 37:0:0:1 sdi 8:128 1   undef

Mar 09 14:20:23 | Initialized new file [/etc/multipath/bindings]

 

 

改写配置文件!!!

(1)首先屏蔽本地的磁盘。设置这个参数,在生成多路径设备时忽略逻辑磁盘。用于屏蔽。

 

 

(2)有两种方法屏蔽磁盘

    第一种方法是uuid格式类似于,uuid使用blkid查看。

 

 

第二种方法,直接屏蔽sda。

 

 

(3)改写multipath代码块。

      multipath {

               wwid                    3600508b4000156d700012000000b0000    使用真实的多路径uuid

               alias                   yellow    名字改成oracle-fs01

               path_grouping_policy    multibus

               path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               failback                manual                                                  manual改成immediate,自动切换,不需要手工切换。

               rr_weight               priorities

               no_path_retry           5

       }

 

 

(4)修改device代码块

       device {

               vendor                  "COMPAQ  "              可以改成openfiler                                                      

               product                 "HSV110 (C)COMPAQ"          可以改成virtualDisk

               path_grouping_policy    multibus                  策略默认

               getuid_callout          "/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/%n"

               path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               hardware_handler        "0"

               failback                15

               rr_weight               priorities

               no_path_retry           queue

 

       }

 

(5)将配置文件模板进行备份,将已经做好的配置文件拷贝到linux中。以下是修改好的配置文件。

 

--------------------

 

 

defaults {

        user_friendly_names yes

        find_multipaths yes

}

 

blacklist {

       wwid 26353900f02796769

        devnode "^(ram|raw|loop|fd|md|dm-|sr|scd|st)[0-9]*"

        devnode "^hd[a-z]"

        devnode "^sda"

}

 

multipaths {

       multipath {

               wwid                    14f504e46494c45524f564e7645362d374b306d2d68496c46

               alias                   oracle-fs01-5G

               path_grouping_policy    multibus

               #path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               failback                immediate

               rr_weight               priorities

               no_path_retry           5

       }

       multipath {

               wwid                    14f504e46494c4552794350396f362d4d5048582d67575747

               alias                   oracle-fs02-10G

               path_grouping_policy    multibus

               #path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               failback                immediate

               rr_weight               priorities

               no_path_retry           5

       }

 

}

 

devices {

       device {

               vendor                  "openfiler"

               product                 "virtual disk"

               path_grouping_policy    multibus

               getuid_callout          "/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/%n"

               path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               hardware_handler        "0"

       }

       device {

               vendor                  "openfiler"

               product                 "virtual disk"

               path_grouping_policy    multibus

               getuid_callout          "/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/%n"

               path_checker            readsector0

               path_selector           "round-robin 0"

               hardware_handler        "0"

       }

 

}

 

(6)命令进行更新。这里报错,报无效的关键字,排错。将multipath大括号中的path_checker去掉即可。

 

(7)命令参考

 

 

查询多路径的运行状况

 

多路径其他参考命令

 

注意!!!dm-0,dm-1是设备内部盘,请勿使用!因为号码会变动

 

1、多路径配置完成后,生成两个设备文件。切记!

千万不能用dm-0,dm-1来挂载,因为这个是设备内部盘,盘号会变动的。

而oracle-fs01-5G这个才是标准多路径!!!!

 

 

多路径设置完成,生成新的磁盘设备,比如:oracle-system-10G

[root@oracle1 ~]# multipath -ll

oracle-data-7G (14f504e46494c4552655a635138662d4667354c2d6f36596f) dm-5 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK    

size=6.9G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw

`-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active

  |- 33:0:0:3 sdj 8:144 active ready running

  |- 34:0:0:3 sdm 8:192 active ready running

  |- 35:0:0:3 sdp 8:240 active ready running

  `- 36:0:0:3 sdq 65:0  active ready running

oracle-arch-5G (14f504e46494c455269475a474a452d64534f4e2d6976574e) dm-4 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK    

size=5.0G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw

`-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active

  |- 33:0:0:2 sdf 8:80  active ready running

  |- 34:0:0:2 sdi 8:128 active ready running

  |- 35:0:0:2 sdn 8:208 active ready running

  `- 36:0:0:2 sdo 8:224 active ready running

oracle-grid-10G (14f504e46494c455277514b5457692d7466796c2d4f745058) dm-2 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK    

size=10G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw

`-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active

  |- 33:0:0:0 sdb 8:16  active ready running

  |- 34:0:0:0 sdc 8:32  active ready running

  |- 35:0:0:0 sdh 8:112 active ready running

  `- 36:0:0:0 sdg 8:96  active ready running

oracle-system-10G (14f504e46494c45523362636375652d473232552d53376150) dm-3 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK    

size=10G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw

`-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active

  |- 33:0:0:1 sdd 8:48  active ready running

  |- 34:0:0:1 sde 8:64  active ready running

  |- 35:0:0:1 sdl 8:176 active ready running

  `- 36:0:0:1 sdk 8:160 active ready running

[root@oracle1 ~]#

 

修改磁盘组给Oracle用户使用    

groupadd asmadmin

useradd grid -g asmadmin

 

设置udev。    

vim /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle.rules

KERNEL=="dm-*",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

 

linux重启多路径服务。最好重启服务器。    

systemctl restart multipathd.service

 

posted @ 2018-12-02 16:08  鱼结冰  阅读(2147)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报