路飞学城项目 后台主页模块设计,simpleui后台管理,轮播图接口,跨域问题详解,前台主页功能

一、后台主页模块设计

# 1 创建后台主页模块(一个模块一个app)
python ../../manage.py startapp home

# 2 在models中写轮播图表
	-写一个基表BaseModel
	 -写轮播图表
from django.db import models
class BaseModel(models.Model):
    created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
    updated_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='最后更新时间')
    is_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name='是否删除')
    is_show = models.BooleanField(default=True, verbose_name='是否上架')
    orders = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='优先级')


    class Meta:
        abstract = True  # 这个表模型只用来继承,不用来在数据库中生成表

迁移,别忘记注册和回到根路径

from utils.common_models import BaseModel


class Banner(BaseModel):
    # 1 id  img图片地址        长传时间  是否删除 是否显示 order
    # 把公共字段抽取到某个基表中,以后要使用,直接继承基表,扩写自己的字段就可以了---》用过的AbstractUser就是这个原理
    title = models.CharField(max_length=16, unique=True, verbose_name='名称')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name='图片')
    # 点击图片,调整到的路径
    # 前端跳转的地址: 前端路由     完整的http链接
    link = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name='跳转链接')
    info = models.TextField(verbose_name='详情')  # 也可以用详情表,宽高出处

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'luffy_banner'
        verbose_name_plural = '轮播图表'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

二、simpleui后台管理

1.下载:pip install django-simpleui
2.注册   'simpleui'
3.国际化
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = False
4.注册超级管理员
python manage.py createsuperuser
yzk
yzk12345
5.去admin.py里面注册
from .models import Banner

admin.site.register(Banner)


6.去apps里面加入,录入数据
class HomeConfig(AppConfig):
    default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
    name = 'home'
    verbose_name = '首页功能'

7.配置文件
MEDIA_URL = 'media/'  # 以后所有的在meida文件夹下的资源自动拼接  media/


# 正常在公司中,网站分主站和后台管理

# 后台管理,主要是运营录入数据,使用simpleui

三、轮播图接口

3.1 封装自己的mixin

from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, \
    RetrieveModelMixin
from utils.common_response import APIResponse


class CommonListModelMixin(ListModelMixin):
    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        res = super().list(request, *args, **kwargs)
        return APIResponse(data=res.data)


class CommonCreateModelMixin(CreateModelMixin):
    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        res = super().create(request, *args, **kwargs)
        return APIResponse(data=res.data)  # {code:100,msg:成功,data:{}}


class CommonUpdateModelMixin(UpdateModelMixin):
    def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        res = super(CommonUpdateModelMixin, self).update(request, *args, **kwargs)
        return APIResponse(data=res.data)


class CommonRetrieveModelMixin(RetrieveModelMixin):
    def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        res = super(CommonRetrieveModelMixin, self).retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
        return APIResponse(data=res.data)


class CommonDestroyModelMixin(DestroyModelMixin):
    def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        res = super().destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
        return APIResponse(msg='删除成功')

3.2 轮播图接口

视图

# 查询所有 轮播图接口
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin
from .serialzier import BannerSerializer
from .models import Banner
from utils.common_mixin import CommonListModelMixin as ListModelMixin


class BannerView(GenericViewSet, ListModelMixin):
    queryset = Banner.objects.all().filter(is_delete=False, is_show=True).order_by('orders')
    serializer_class = BannerSerializer

路由

## 总路由
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('api/v1/home/', include('home.urls')),
    # static 默认开启的,后期咱们会开启media文件夹,除此之外的其它文件夹,尽量不要开放,让外部访问
    path('media/<path:path>', serve, {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT}),

]

# 分路由
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter

router = SimpleRouter()
from .views import BannerView

router.register('banner', BannerView, 'banner')
urlpatterns = [
    # path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

]
urlpatterns += router.urls

序列化类

from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Banner


class BannerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Banner
        fields = ['id', 'image', 'title', 'link']

3.3 自定义配置文件

# 通过配置文件控制显示多少条轮播图
# 使用步骤
    1 在settings下新建:common_settings.py
    BANNER_COUNT = 3
    2 在dev.py中加入
    from .common_settings import *
    3 在轮播图接口上
    class BannerView(GenericViewSet, ListModelMixin):
        queryset = Banner.objects.all().filter(is_delete=False, is_show=True).order_by('orders')[:settings.BANNER_COUNT]
        serializer_class = BannerSerializer

四、跨域问题详解

# 以后只要前后端分离项目,都会出现跨域问题,咱们要解决

# 同源策略
同源策略(Same origin policy)是一种约定,它是浏览器最核心也最基本的安全功能,如果缺少了同源策略,则浏览器的正常功能可能都会受到影响。可以说Web是构建在同源策略基础之上的,浏览器只是针对同源策略的一种实现

请求的url地址,必须与浏览器上的url地址处于同域上:也就是[域名],[端口],[协议]相同.
http://127.0.0.1:8080
ftf://127.0.0.1:8080

比如:我在本地上的域名是127.0.0.1:8000,请求另外一个域名:127.0.0.1:8001一段数据

浏览器上就会报错,个就是同源策略的保护,如果浏览器对javascript没有同源策略的保护,那么一些重要的机密网站将会很危险

请求发送,服务的执行,数据也正常返回,只是被浏览器拦截了

# 正因为同源策略的存在,咱们写前后端分离的项目,无法正常获取到数据


# 解决跨域问题:
	1  jsonp 跨域(不了解)
    2  跨域资源共享(CORS)  后端技术
    3  Nginx代理


# CORS:跨域资源共享
CORS需要浏览器和服务器同时支持,所有浏览器都支持该功能
只需要服务的处理即可:只需要在在响应头中加入固定的头就实现cors---》比如在响应头中加入Access-Control-Allow-Origin='*'---->get请求就没有跨域了---》但是put请求还会有


# cors的请求分两种
	-简单请求,浏览器直接发起
    -非简单请求,浏览器先发送要给options预检请求,服务端允许,再发送真正的请求
# 什么是简单请求,什么是非简单请求
	# 如果属于下面,就是简单请求
    1 请求方法是以下三种方法之一:
        HEAD
        GET
        POST
     2 HTTP的头信息不超出以下几种字段:
        Accept
        Accept-Language
        Content-Language
        Last-Event-ID
        Content-Type:只限于三个值application/x-www-form-urlencoded、multipart/form-data、text/plain

        
# 使用cors解决跨域,就是再响应头中加入固定的一些东西,专门写个中间件
	    res['Access-Control-Allow-Headers'] = 'token'
        res['Access-Control-Allow-Methods'] = 'DELETE'
    	res['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = 'http://192.168.1.252:8080'





### 补充:######
前端访问的后端地址,一定要准确

3.0 自定义中间件,解决跨域问题

##### common_mideleware.py
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin


### 自定义中间件解决跨域问题---》以后其它框架都是这个原理---》django上有人做了
class CorsMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_response(self, request, response):
        if request.method == 'OPTIONS':
            response['Access-Control-Allow-Headers'] = 'token'
            response['Access-Control-Allow-Methods'] = 'DELETE'
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = '*'
        return response
    
 ### 配置文件配置中间件
    MIDDLEWARE = [
        'utils.common_mideleware.CorsMiddleware'
    ]

3.1 django-cors-headers

####使用pip安装
pip install django-cors-headers
#####添加到setting的app中
INSTALLED_APPS = (
	...
	'corsheaders',
	...
)
#### 添加中间件
MIDDLEWARE = [  
	...
	'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',
	...
]
#### 4、setting下面添加下面的配置
CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True
CORS_ALLOW_METHODS = (
	'DELETE',
	'GET',
	'OPTIONS',
	'PATCH',
	'POST',
	'PUT',
	'VIEW',
)

CORS_ALLOW_HEADERS = (
	'XMLHttpRequest',
	'X_FILENAME',
	'accept-encoding',
	'authorization',
	'content-type',
	'dnt',
	'origin',
	'user-agent',
	'x-csrftoken',
	'x-requested-with',
	'Pragma',
	'token'
)

3.2 django-cors-headers源码

# 核心代码再中间件的---》process_response  3.0.14 版本
class CorsMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_response(self, request, response):
        if (
            not conf.CORS_ALLOW_ALL_ORIGINS
            and not self.origin_found_in_white_lists(origin, url)
            and not self.check_signal(request)
        ):
            return response
        if conf.CORS_ALLOW_ALL_ORIGINS and not conf.CORS_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS:
            response[ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_ORIGIN] = "*"
        else:
            response[ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_ORIGIN] = origin
        if request.method == "OPTIONS":
            response[ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_HEADERS] = ", ".join(conf.CORS_ALLOW_HEADERS)
            response[ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_METHODS] = ", ".join(conf.CORS_ALLOW_METHODS) 
        return response

4 前台主页功能

4.1 Banner.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <el-carousel height="400px">
      <el-carousel-item v-for="item in banner_list" :key="item">
        <!--        router-link只能跳内部,不能跳外部-->

        <router-link :to="item.link" v-if="item.link.indexOf('http:')<0">
          <img :src="item.image" :alt="item.title">
        </router-link>
        <a :href="item.link" v-else>
          <img :src="item.image" :alt="item.title">
        </a>

      </el-carousel-item>
    </el-carousel>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: "Banner",
  data() {
    return {banner_list: []}
  },
  created() {
    this.$axios.get(`${this.$settings.BASE_URL}home/banner/`).then(res => {
      this.banner_list = res.data.data
    })
  }
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.el-carousel__item h3 {
  color: #475669;
  font-size: 18px;
  opacity: 0.75;
  line-height: 300px;
  margin: 0;
}


.el-carousel__item {
  height: 400px;
  min-width: 1200px;
}

.el-carousel__item img {
  height: 400px;
  margin-left: calc(50% - 1920px / 2);
}
</style>

4.2 Footer.vue

<template>
  <div class="footer">
    <ul>
      <li>关于我们</li>
      <li>联系我们</li>
      <li>商务合作</li>
      <li>帮助中心</li>
      <li>意见反馈</li>
      <li>新手指南</li>
    </ul>
    <p>Copyright © luffycity.com版权所有 | 京ICP备17072161号-1</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: "Footer"
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.footer {
  width: 100%;
  height: 128px;
  background: #25292e;
  color: #fff;
}

.footer ul {
  margin: 0 auto 16px;
  padding-top: 38px;
  width: 810px;
}

.footer ul li {
  float: left;
  width: 112px;
  margin: 0 10px;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.footer ul::after {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  clear: both;
}

.footer p {
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 12px;
}
</style>

4.3 Header.vue

<template>
  <div class="header">
    <div class="slogan">
      <p>老男孩IT教育 | 帮助有志向的年轻人通过努力学习获得体面的工作和生活</p>
    </div>
    <div class="nav">
      <ul class="left-part">
        <li class="logo">
          <router-link to="/">
            <img src="../assets/img/head-logo.svg" alt="">
          </router-link>
        </li>
        <li class="ele">
          <span @click="goPage('/free-course')" :class="{active: url_path === '/free-course'}">免费课</span>
        </li>
        <li class="ele">
          <span @click="goPage('/actual-course')" :class="{active: url_path === '/actual-course'}">实战课</span>
        </li>
        <li class="ele">
          <span @click="goPage('/light-course')" :class="{active: url_path === '/light-course'}">轻课</span>
        </li>
      </ul>

      <div class="right-part">
        <div>
          <span>登录</span>
          <span class="line">|</span>
          <span>注册</span>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

</template>

<script>

export default {
  name: "Header",
  data() {
    return {
      url_path: sessionStorage.url_path || '/',
    }
  },
  methods: {
    goPage(url_path) {
      // 已经是当前路由就没有必要重新跳转
      if (this.url_path !== url_path) {
        this.$router.push(url_path);
      }
      sessionStorage.url_path = url_path;
    },
  },
  created() {
    sessionStorage.url_path = this.$route.path;
    this.url_path = this.$route.path;
  }
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.header {
  background-color: white;
  box-shadow: 0 0 5px 0 #aaa;
}

.header:after {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  clear: both;
}

.slogan {
  background-color: #eee;
  height: 40px;
}

.slogan p {
  width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  color: #aaa;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 40px;
}

.nav {
  background-color: white;
  user-select: none;
  width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;

}

.nav ul {
  padding: 15px 0;
  float: left;
}

.nav ul:after {
  clear: both;
  content: '';
  display: block;
}

.nav ul li {
  float: left;
}

.logo {
  margin-right: 20px;
}

.ele {
  margin: 0 20px;
}

.ele span {
  display: block;
  font: 15px/36px '微软雅黑';
  border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.ele span:hover {
  border-bottom-color: orange;
}

.ele span.active {
  color: orange;
  border-bottom-color: orange;
}

.right-part {
  float: right;
}

.right-part .line {
  margin: 0 10px;
}

.right-part span {
  line-height: 68px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
</style>

4.4 HomeView.vue

<template>
  <div class="home">
    <Header></Header>
    <Banner></Banner>
    <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
    <Footer></Footer>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import Banner from "@/components/Banner";
import Footer from '@/components/Footer'
import Header from "@/components/Header";

export default {
  name: 'HomeView',
  // created() {
  //
  //   this.$axios.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/home/test/', {
  //     headers: {
  //       token: 'sdfafasdf'
  //     }
  //
  //   }).then(res => {
  //     console.log(res.data.data)
  //   })
  // }

  components: {
    Header, Footer, Banner
  }

}
</script>
posted @ 2023-06-19 20:21  岳宗柯  阅读(77)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报