Android-6步教你自定义View

如果你打算完全定制一个View，那么你需要实现View类（所有的Android View都实现于这个类），并且实现确定尺寸的onMeasure(…))方法和确认绘图的onDraw(…))方法。

自定义View一共分为6步

第一步

public class SmileyView extends View {
    private Paint mCirclePaint;
    private Paint mEyeAndMouthPaint;

    private float mCenterX;
    private float mCenterY;
    private float mRadius;
    private RectF mArcBounds = new RectF();

    public SmileyView(Context context) {
        this(context, null);
    }

    public SmileyView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        this(context, attrs, 0);
    }

    public SmileyView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        initPaints();
    }

    private void initPaints() {/* ... */}

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {/* ... */}

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {/* ... */}
}

2.实现画笔paint类

本文一共两只画笔

private void initPaints() {
    mCirclePaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
    mCirclePaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
    mCirclePaint.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
    mEyeAndMouthPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
    mEyeAndMouthPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
    mEyeAndMouthPaint.setStrokeWidth(16 * getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density);
    mEyeAndMouthPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.ROUND);
    mEyeAndMouthPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
}

3.覆写onMeasure(…)方法

实现这个方法告诉了母容器如何放弃自定义View，可以通过提供的measureSpecs来决定你的View的高和宽，以下是一个正方形，确认它的宽和高是一样的。

@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    int w = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
    int h = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);

    int size = Math.min(w, h);
    setMeasuredDimension(size, size);
}

注意：

这个方法需要至少保证一个setMeasuredDimension(..)调用，否则会报IllegalStateException错误。

4.实现onSizeChanged(…)方法

这个方法是你获取View现在的宽和高. 这里我们计算的是中心和半径。

@Override
protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
    mCenterX = w / 2f;
    mCenterY = h / 2f;
    mRadius = Math.min(w, h) / 2f;
}

5.实现onDraw(…)方法

这个方法提供了如何绘制view，它提供的Canvas类可以进行绘制。

@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
    // draw face
    canvas.drawCircle(mCenterX, mCenterY, mRadius, mCirclePaint);
    // draw eyes
    float eyeRadius = mRadius / 5f;
    float eyeOffsetX = mRadius / 3f;
    float eyeOffsetY = mRadius / 3f;
    canvas.drawCircle(mCenterX - eyeOffsetX, mCenterY - eyeOffsetY, eyeRadius, mEyeAndMouthPaint);
    canvas.drawCircle(mCenterX + eyeOffsetX, mCenterY - eyeOffsetY, eyeRadius, mEyeAndMouthPaint);
    // draw mouth
    float mouthInset = mRadius /3f;
    mArcBounds.set(mouthInset, mouthInset, mRadius * 2 - mouthInset, mRadius * 2 - mouthInset);
    canvas.drawArc(mArcBounds, 45f, 90f, false, mEyeAndMouthPaint);
}

6.添加你的View

<FrameLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <com.example.app.SmileyView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</FrameLayout>

到此就结束了，自定义View没你想的那么难

转载自：Android开发中文站 » Android-6步教你自定义View