java io系列15之 DataOutputStream(数据输出流)的认知、源码和示例
本章介绍DataOutputStream。我们先对DataOutputStream有个大致认识,然后再深入学习它的源码,最后通过示例加深对它的了解。
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DataOutputStream 介绍
DataOutputStream 是数据输出流。它继承于FilterOutputStream。
DataOutputStream 是用来装饰其它输出流,将DataOutputStream和DataInputStream输入流配合使用,“允许应用程序以与机器无关方式从底层输入流中读写基本 Java 数据类型”。
DataOutputStream 源码分析(基于jdk1.7.40)
package java.io; public class DataOutputStream extends FilterOutputStream implements DataOutput { // “数据输出流”的字节数 protected int written; // “数据输出流”对应的字节数组 private byte[] bytearr = null; // 构造函数 public DataOutputStream(OutputStream out) { super(out); } // 增加“输出值” private void incCount(int value) { int temp = written + value; if (temp < 0) { temp = Integer.MAX_VALUE; } written = temp; } // 将int类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中 public synchronized void write(int b) throws IOException { out.write(b); incCount(1); } // 将字节数组b从off开始的len个字节,都写入到“数据输出流”中 public synchronized void write(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException { out.write(b, off, len); incCount(len); } // 清空缓冲,即将缓冲中的数据都写入到输出流中 public void flush() throws IOException { out.flush(); } // 将boolean类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中 public final void writeBoolean(boolean v) throws IOException { out.write(v ? 1 : 0); incCount(1); } // 将byte类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中 public final void writeByte(int v) throws IOException { out.write(v); incCount(1); } // 将short类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中 // 注意:short占2个字节 public final void writeShort(int v) throws IOException { // 写入 short高8位 对应的字节 out.write((v >>> 8) & 0xFF); // 写入 short低8位 对应的字节 out.write((v >>> 0) & 0xFF); incCount(2); } // 将char类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中 // 注意:char占2个字节 public final void writeChar(int v) throws IOException { // 写入 char高8位 对应的字节 out.write((v >>> 8) & 0xFF); // 写入 char低8位 对应的字节 out.write((v >>> 0) & 0xFF); incCount(2); } // 将int类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中 // 注意:int占4个字节 public final void writeInt(int v) throws IOException { out.write((v >>> 24) & 0xFF); out.write((v >>> 16) & 0xFF); out.write((v >>> 8) & 0xFF); out.write((v >>> 0) & 0xFF); incCount(4); } private byte writeBuffer[] = new byte[8]; // 将long类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中 // 注意:long占8个字节 public final void writeLong(long v) throws IOException { writeBuffer[0] = (byte)(v >>> 56); writeBuffer[1] = (byte)(v >>> 48); writeBuffer[2] = (byte)(v >>> 40); writeBuffer[3] = (byte)(v >>> 32); writeBuffer[4] = (byte)(v >>> 24); writeBuffer[5] = (byte)(v >>> 16); writeBuffer[6] = (byte)(v >>> 8); writeBuffer[7] = (byte)(v >>> 0); out.write(writeBuffer, 0, 8); incCount(8); } // 将float类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中 public final void writeFloat(float v) throws IOException { writeInt(Float.floatToIntBits(v)); } // 将double类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中 public final void writeDouble(double v) throws IOException { writeLong(Double.doubleToLongBits(v)); } // 将String类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中 // 实际写入时,是将String对应的每个字符转换成byte数据后写入输出流中。 public final void writeBytes(String s) throws IOException { int len = s.length(); for (int i = 0 ; i < len ; i++) { out.write((byte)s.charAt(i)); } incCount(len); } // 将String类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中 // 实际写入时,是将String对应的每个字符转换成char数据后写入输出流中。 public final void writeChars(String s) throws IOException { int len = s.length(); for (int i = 0 ; i < len ; i++) { int v = s.charAt(i); out.write((v >>> 8) & 0xFF); out.write((v >>> 0) & 0xFF); } incCount(len * 2); } // 将UTF-8类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中 public final void writeUTF(String str) throws IOException { writeUTF(str, this); } // 将String数据以UTF-8类型的形式写入到“输出流out”中 static int writeUTF(String str, DataOutput out) throws IOException { //获取String的长度 int strlen = str.length(); int utflen = 0; int c, count = 0; // 由于UTF-8是1~4个字节不等; // 这里,根据UTF-8首字节的范围,判断UTF-8是几个字节的。 for (int i = 0; i < strlen; i++) { c = str.charAt(i); if ((c >= 0x0001) && (c <= 0x007F)) { utflen++; } else if (c > 0x07FF) { utflen += 3; } else { utflen += 2; } } if (utflen > 65535) throw new UTFDataFormatException( "encoded string too long: " + utflen + " bytes"); // 新建“字节数组bytearr” byte[] bytearr = null; if (out instanceof DataOutputStream) { DataOutputStream dos = (DataOutputStream)out; if(dos.bytearr == null || (dos.bytearr.length < (utflen+2))) dos.bytearr = new byte[(utflen*2) + 2]; bytearr = dos.bytearr; } else { bytearr = new byte[utflen+2]; } // “字节数组”的前2个字节保存的是“UTF-8数据的长度” bytearr[count++] = (byte) ((utflen >>> 8) & 0xFF); bytearr[count++] = (byte) ((utflen >>> 0) & 0xFF); // 对UTF-8中的单字节数据进行预处理 int i=0; for (i=0; i<strlen; i++) { c = str.charAt(i); if (!((c >= 0x0001) && (c <= 0x007F))) break; bytearr[count++] = (byte) c; } // 对预处理后的数据,接着进行处理 for (;i < strlen; i++){ c = str.charAt(i); // UTF-8数据是1个字节的情况 if ((c >= 0x0001) && (c <= 0x007F)) { bytearr[count++] = (byte) c; } else if (c > 0x07FF) { // UTF-8数据是3个字节的情况 bytearr[count++] = (byte) (0xE0 | ((c >> 12) & 0x0F)); bytearr[count++] = (byte) (0x80 | ((c >> 6) & 0x3F)); bytearr[count++] = (byte) (0x80 | ((c >> 0) & 0x3F)); } else { // UTF-8数据是2个字节的情况 bytearr[count++] = (byte) (0xC0 | ((c >> 6) & 0x1F)); bytearr[count++] = (byte) (0x80 | ((c >> 0) & 0x3F)); } } // 将字节数组写入到“数据输出流”中 out.write(bytearr, 0, utflen+2); return utflen + 2; } public final int size() { return written; } }
示例代码
关于DataOutStream中API的详细用法,参考示例代码(DataInputStreamTest.java):
import java.io.DataInputStream; import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.lang.SecurityException; /** * DataInputStream 和 DataOutputStream测试程序 * * @author skywang */ public class DataInputStreamTest { private static final int LEN = 5; public static void main(String[] args) { // 测试DataOutputStream,将数据写入到输出流中。 testDataOutputStream() ; // 测试DataInputStream,从上面的输出流结果中读取数据。 testDataInputStream() ; } /** * DataOutputStream的API测试函数 */ private static void testDataOutputStream() { try { File file = new File("file.txt"); DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream( new FileOutputStream(file)); out.writeBoolean(true); out.writeByte((byte)0x41); out.writeChar((char)0x4243); out.writeShort((short)0x4445); out.writeInt(0x12345678); out.writeLong(0x0FEDCBA987654321L); out.writeUTF("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz严12"); out.close(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SecurityException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * DataInputStream的API测试函数 */ private static void testDataInputStream() { try { File file = new File("file.txt"); DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream( new FileInputStream(file)); System.out.printf("byteToHexString(0x8F):0x%s\n", byteToHexString((byte)0x8F)); System.out.printf("charToHexString(0x8FCF):0x%s\n", charToHexString((char)0x8FCF)); System.out.printf("readBoolean():%s\n", in.readBoolean()); System.out.printf("readByte():0x%s\n", byteToHexString(in.readByte())); System.out.printf("readChar():0x%s\n", charToHexString(in.readChar())); System.out.printf("readShort():0x%s\n", shortToHexString(in.readShort())); System.out.printf("readInt():0x%s\n", Integer.toHexString(in.readInt())); System.out.printf("readLong():0x%s\n", Long.toHexString(in.readLong())); System.out.printf("readUTF():%s\n", in.readUTF()); in.close(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SecurityException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // 打印byte对应的16进制的字符串 private static String byteToHexString(byte val) { return Integer.toHexString(val & 0xff); } // 打印char对应的16进制的字符串 private static String charToHexString(char val) { return Integer.toHexString(val); } // 打印short对应的16进制的字符串 private static String shortToHexString(short val) { return Integer.toHexString(val & 0xffff); } }
运行结果:
byteToHexString(0x8F):0x8f
charToHexString(0x8FCF):0x8fcf
readBoolean():true
readByte():0x41
readChar():0x4243
readShort():0x4445
readInt():0x12345678
readLong():0xfedcba987654321
readUTF():abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz严12
结果说明: