java集合（四）Map集合之Properties详解
一、Properties类介绍
java.util.Properties继承自java.util.Hashtable，从jdk1.1版本开始，Properties的实现基本上就没有什么大的变动。从http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/的jdk7的官方api文档中我们可以看到对Properties类的介绍。Properties class是一个持久化的属性保存对象，可以将属性内容写出到stream中或者从stream中读取属性内容，在底层的Hashtable中，每一对属性的key和value都是按照string类型来保存的。 Properties可以将其他的Properties对象作为默认的值，Properties继承自Hashtable，所以Hashtable的所有方法Properties对象均可以访问。
Properties支持文本方式和xml方式的数据存储。在文本方式中，格式为key:value,其中分隔符可以是：冒号(:)、等号(=)、空格。其中空格可以作为key的结束，同时获取的值回将分割符号两端的空格去掉。
Properties只支持1对1模式的属性设置，而且不支持多层多级属性设置。
二、Properties类属性
protected Properties defaults：包含默认values的Properties对象，默认为null。我们在找不到对应key的情况下，就回递归的从这个默认列表中里面来找。
/** * A property list that contains default values for any keys not * found in this property list. * * @serial */ protected Properties defaults; Properties property
三、初始化方法
Properties提供两种方式来创建Properties对象，第一种是不指定默认values对象的创建方法，另外一种是指定默认values对象的创建方法。但是此时是没有加载属性值的，加载key/value属性必须通过专门的方法来加载。
/** * Creates an empty property list with no default values. */ public Properties() { this(null); } /** * Creates an empty property list with the specified defaults. * * @param defaults the defaults. */ public Properties(Properties defaults) { this.defaults = defaults; } Properties Construction Method
四、常用方法
getProperty(String):根据指定的key获取对应的属性value值，如果在自身的存储集合中没有找到对应的key，那么就直接到默认的defaults属性指定的Properties中获取属性值。
/** * Searches for the property with the specified key in this property list. * If the key is not found in this property list, the default property list, * and its defaults, recursively, are then checked. The method returns * <code>null</code> if the property is not found. * * @param key the property key. * @return the value in this property list with the specified key value. * @see #setProperty * @see #defaults */ public String getProperty(String key) { Object oval = super.get(key); String sval = (oval instanceof String) ? (String)oval : null; return ((sval == null) && (defaults != null)) ? defaults.getProperty(key) : sval; } getProperty(String)
getProperty(String, String):当getProperty(String)方法返回值为null的时候，返回给定的默认值，而不是返回null。
/** * Searches for the property with the specified key in this property list. * If the key is not found in this property list, the default property list, * and its defaults, recursively, are then checked. The method returns the * default value argument if the property is not found. * * @param key the hashtable key. * @param defaultValue a default value. * * @return the value in this property list with the specified key value. * @see #setProperty * @see #defaults */ public String getProperty(String key, String defaultValue) { String val = getProperty(key); return (val == null) ? defaultValue : val; } getProperty(String,String)
load(InputStream):从byte stream中加载key/value键值对，要求所有的key/value键值对是按行存储，同时是用ISO-8859-1编译的。
/** * Reads a property list (key and element pairs) from the input * byte stream. The input stream is in a simple line-oriented * format as specified in * {@link #load(java.io.Reader) load(Reader)} and is assumed to use * the ISO 8859-1 character encoding; that is each byte is one Latin1 * character. Characters not in Latin1, and certain special characters, * are represented in keys and elements using Unicode escapes as defined in * section 3.3 of * <cite>The Java™ Language Specification</cite>. * <p> * The specified stream remains open after this method returns. * * @param inStream the input stream. * @exception IOException if an error occurred when reading from the * input stream. * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the input stream contains a * malformed Unicode escape sequence. * @since 1.2 */ public synchronized void load(InputStream inStream) throws IOException { load0(new LineReader(inStream)); } load(InputStream)
load(Reader):从字符流中加载key/value键值对，要求所有的键值对都是按照行来存储的。
/** * Reads a property list (key and element pairs) from the input * character stream in a simple line-oriented format. * <p> * Properties are processed in terms of lines. There are two * kinds of line, <i>natural lines</i> and <i>logical lines</i>. * A natural line is defined as a line of * characters that is terminated either by a set of line terminator * characters (<code>\n</code> or <code>\r</code> or <code>\r\n</code>) * or by the end of the stream. A natural line may be either a blank line, * a comment line, or hold all or some of a key-element pair. A logical * line holds all the data of a key-element pair, which may be spread * out across several adjacent natural lines by escaping * the line terminator sequence with a backslash character * <code>\</code>. Note that a comment line cannot be extended * in this manner; every natural line that is a comment must have * its own comment indicator, as described below. Lines are read from * input until the end of the stream is reached. * * <p> * A natural line that contains only white space characters is * considered blank and is ignored. A comment line has an ASCII * <code>'#'</code> or <code>'!'</code> as its first non-white * space character; comment lines are also ignored and do not * encode key-element information. In addition to line * terminators, this format considers the characters space * (<code>' '</code>, <code>'\u0020'</code>), tab * (<code>'\t'</code>, <code>'\u0009'</code>), and form feed * (<code>'\f'</code>, <code>'\u000C'</code>) to be white * space. * * <p> * If a logical line is spread across several natural lines, the * backslash escaping the line terminator sequence, the line * terminator sequence, and any white space at the start of the * following line have no affect on the key or element values. * The remainder of the discussion of key and element parsing * (when loading) will assume all the characters constituting * the key and element appear on a single natural line after * line continuation characters have been removed. Note that * it is <i>not</i> sufficient to only examine the character * preceding a line terminator sequence to decide if the line * terminator is escaped; there must be an odd number of * contiguous backslashes for the line terminator to be escaped. * Since the input is processed from left to right, a * non-zero even number of 2<i>n</i> contiguous backslashes * before a line terminator (or elsewhere) encodes <i>n</i> * backslashes after escape processing. * * <p> * The key contains all of the characters in the line starting * with the first non-white space character and up to, but not * including, the first unescaped <code>'='</code>, * <code>':'</code>, or white space character other than a line * terminator. All of these key termination characters may be * included in the key by escaping them with a preceding backslash * character; for example,<p> * * <code>\:\=</code><p> * * would be the two-character key <code>":="</code>. Line * terminator characters can be included using <code>\r</code> and * <code>\n</code> escape sequences. Any white space after the * key is skipped; if the first non-white space character after * the key is <code>'='</code> or <code>':'</code>, then it is * ignored and any white space characters after it are also * skipped. All remaining characters on the line become part of * the associated element string; if there are no remaining * characters, the element is the empty string * <code>""</code>. Once the raw character sequences * constituting the key and element are identified, escape * processing is performed as described above. * * <p> * As an example, each of the following three lines specifies the key * <code>"Truth"</code> and the associated element value * <code>"Beauty"</code>: * <p> * <pre> * Truth = Beauty * Truth:Beauty * Truth :Beauty * </pre> * As another example, the following three lines specify a single * property: * <p> * <pre> * fruits apple, banana, pear, \ * cantaloupe, watermelon, \ * kiwi, mango * </pre> * The key is <code>"fruits"</code> and the associated element is: * <p> * <pre>"apple, banana, pear, cantaloupe, watermelon, kiwi, mango"</pre> * Note that a space appears before each <code>\</code> so that a space * will appear after each comma in the final result; the <code>\</code>, * line terminator, and leading white space on the continuation line are * merely discarded and are <i>not</i> replaced by one or more other * characters. * <p> * As a third example, the line: * <p> * <pre>cheeses * </pre> * specifies that the key is <code>"cheeses"</code> and the associated * element is the empty string <code>""</code>.<p> * <p> * * <a name="unicodeescapes"></a> * Characters in keys and elements can be represented in escape * sequences similar to those used for character and string literals * (see sections 3.3 and 3.10.6 of * <cite>The Java™ Language Specification</cite>). * * The differences from the character escape sequences and Unicode * escapes used for characters and strings are: * * <ul> * <li> Octal escapes are not recognized. * * <li> The character sequence <code>\b</code> does <i>not</i> * represent a backspace character. * * <li> The method does not treat a backslash character, * <code>\</code>, before a non-valid escape character as an * error; the backslash is silently dropped. For example, in a * Java string the sequence <code>"\z"</code> would cause a * compile time error. In contrast, this method silently drops * the backslash. Therefore, this method treats the two character * sequence <code>"\b"</code> as equivalent to the single * character <code>'b'</code>. * * <li> Escapes are not necessary for single and double quotes; * however, by the rule above, single and double quote characters * preceded by a backslash still yield single and double quote * characters, respectively. * * <li> Only a single 'u' character is allowed in a Uniocde escape * sequence. * * </ul> * <p> * The specified stream remains open after this method returns. * * @param reader the input character stream. * @throws IOException if an error occurred when reading from the * input stream. * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a malformed Unicode escape * appears in the input. * @since 1.6 */ public synchronized void load(Reader reader) throws IOException { load0(new LineReader(reader)); } load(Reader)
loadFromXML(InputStream):从xml文件中加载property，底层使用XMLUtils.load(Properties,InputStream)方法来加载。
/** * Loads all of the properties represented by the XML document on the * specified input stream into this properties table. * * <p>The XML document must have the following DOCTYPE declaration: * <pre> * <!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd"> * </pre> * Furthermore, the document must satisfy the properties DTD described * above. * * <p>The specified stream is closed after this method returns. * * @param in the input stream from which to read the XML document. * @throws IOException if reading from the specified input stream * results in an <tt>IOException</tt>. * @throws InvalidPropertiesFormatException Data on input stream does not * constitute a valid XML document with the mandated document type. * @throws NullPointerException if <code>in</code> is null. * @see #storeToXML(OutputStream, String, String) * @since 1.5 */ public synchronized void loadFromXML(InputStream in) throws IOException, InvalidPropertiesFormatException { if (in == null) throw new NullPointerException(); XMLUtils.load(this, in); in.close(); } loadFromXML(InputStream)
store(OutputStream/Writer，comments)将所有的property(保存defaults的)都写出到流中，同时如果给定comments的话，那么要加一个注释。
/** * Writes this property list (key and element pairs) in this * <code>Properties</code> table to the output character stream in a * format suitable for using the {@link #load(java.io.Reader) load(Reader)} * method. * <p> * Properties from the defaults table of this <code>Properties</code> * table (if any) are <i>not</i> written out by this method. * <p> * If the comments argument is not null, then an ASCII <code>#</code> * character, the comments string, and a line separator are first written * to the output stream. Thus, the <code>comments</code> can serve as an * identifying comment. Any one of a line feed ('\n'), a carriage * return ('\r'), or a carriage return followed immediately by a line feed * in comments is replaced by a line separator generated by the <code>Writer</code> * and if the next character in comments is not character <code>#</code> or * character <code>!</code> then an ASCII <code>#</code> is written out * after that line separator. * <p> * Next, a comment line is always written, consisting of an ASCII * <code>#</code> character, the current date and time (as if produced * by the <code>toString</code> method of <code>Date</code> for the * current time), and a line separator as generated by the <code>Writer</code>. * <p> * Then every entry in this <code>Properties</code> table is * written out, one per line. For each entry the key string is * written, then an ASCII <code>=</code>, then the associated * element string. For the key, all space characters are * written with a preceding <code>\</code> character. For the * element, leading space characters, but not embedded or trailing * space characters, are written with a preceding <code>\</code> * character. The key and element characters <code>#</code>, * <code>!</code>, <code>=</code>, and <code>:</code> are written * with a preceding backslash to ensure that they are properly loaded. * <p> * After the entries have been written, the output stream is flushed. * The output stream remains open after this method returns. * <p> * * @param writer an output character stream writer. * @param comments a description of the property list. * @exception IOException if writing this property list to the specified * output stream throws an <tt>IOException</tt>. * @exception ClassCastException if this <code>Properties</code> object * contains any keys or values that are not <code>Strings</code>. * @exception NullPointerException if <code>writer</code> is null. * @since 1.6 */ public void store(Writer writer, String comments) throws IOException { store0((writer instanceof BufferedWriter)?(BufferedWriter)writer : new BufferedWriter(writer), comments, false); } /** * Writes this property list (key and element pairs) in this * <code>Properties</code> table to the output stream in a format suitable * for loading into a <code>Properties</code> table using the * {@link #load(InputStream) load(InputStream)} method. * <p> * Properties from the defaults table of this <code>Properties</code> * table (if any) are <i>not</i> written out by this method. * <p> * This method outputs the comments, properties keys and values in * the same format as specified in * {@link #store(java.io.Writer, java.lang.String) store(Writer)}, * with the following differences: * <ul> * <li>The stream is written using the ISO 8859-1 character encoding. * * <li>Characters not in Latin-1 in the comments are written as * <code>\u</code><i>xxxx</i> for their appropriate unicode * hexadecimal value <i>xxxx</i>. * * <li>Characters less than <code>\u0020</code> and characters greater * than <code>\u007E</code> in property keys or values are written * as <code>\u</code><i>xxxx</i> for the appropriate hexadecimal * value <i>xxxx</i>. * </ul> * <p> * After the entries have been written, the output stream is flushed. * The output stream remains open after this method returns. * <p> * @param out an output stream. * @param comments a description of the property list. * @exception IOException if writing this property list to the specified * output stream throws an <tt>IOException</tt>. * @exception ClassCastException if this <code>Properties</code> object * contains any keys or values that are not <code>Strings</code>. * @exception NullPointerException if <code>out</code> is null. * @since 1.2 */ public void store(OutputStream out, String comments) throws IOException { store0(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(out, "8859_1")), comments, true); } store(...)
storeToXML(OutputSteam, comment, encoding):写出到xml文件中。
/** * Emits an XML document representing all of the properties contained * in this table, using the specified encoding. * * <p>The XML document will have the following DOCTYPE declaration: * <pre> * <!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd"> * </pre> * *<p>If the specified comment is <code>null</code> then no comment * will be stored in the document. * * <p>The specified stream remains open after this method returns. * * @param os the output stream on which to emit the XML document. * @param comment a description of the property list, or <code>null</code> * if no comment is desired. * @param encoding the name of a supported * <a href="../lang/package-summary.html#charenc"> * character encoding</a> * * @throws IOException if writing to the specified output stream * results in an <tt>IOException</tt>. * @throws NullPointerException if <code>os</code> is <code>null</code>, * or if <code>encoding</code> is <code>null</code>. * @throws ClassCastException if this <code>Properties</code> object * contains any keys or values that are not * <code>Strings</code>. * @see #loadFromXML(InputStream) * @since 1.5 */ public void storeToXML(OutputStream os, String comment, String encoding) throws IOException { if (os == null) throw new NullPointerException(); XMLUtils.save(this, os, comment, encoding); } storeToXML(...)
四、源码分析
主要针对加载属性方法(load/loadFromXML)和写出属性到磁盘文件方法来进行分析(store/storeToXML)。
1、load(Reader)和load(InputStream)
这两个方法是指定从文本文件中加载key/value属性值，底层都是将流封装成为LineReader对象，然后通过load0方法来加载属性键值对的，加载完属性后流对象是不会关闭的。这两个方法对应的properties文件格式如下：
# this is comment key1:value1 key2=value2 key3 : vlaue3 key4 : value4 # the value is 'value4 ', because the Properties only trim the space of the split charset before and after. # key5 = value5 # this is error, the key not start with the space. key6 value7 Properties Text File
LineReader源码分析：
class LineReader { /** * 根据字节流创建LineReader对象 * * @param inStream * 属性键值对对应的字节流对象 */ public LineReader(InputStream inStream) { this.inStream = inStream; inByteBuf = new byte[8192]; } /** * 根据字符流创建LineReader对象 * * @param reader * 属性键值对对应的字符流对象 */ public LineReader(Reader reader) { this.reader = reader; inCharBuf = new char[8192]; } // 字节流缓冲区, 大小为8192个字节 byte[] inByteBuf; // 字符流缓冲区，大小为8192个字符 char[] inCharBuf; // 当前行信息的缓冲区，大小为1024个字符 char[] lineBuf = new char[1024]; // 读取一行数据时候的实际读取大小 int inLimit = 0; // 读取的时候指向当前字符位置 int inOff = 0; // 字节流对象 InputStream inStream; // 字符流对象 Reader reader; /** * 读取一行，将行信息保存到{@link lineBuf}对象中，并返回实际的字符个数 * * @return 实际读取的字符个数 * @throws IOException */ int readLine() throws IOException { // 总的字符长度 int len = 0; // 当前字符 char c = 0; boolean skipWhiteSpace = true; boolean isCommentLine = false; boolean isNewLine = true; boolean appendedLineBegin = false; boolean precedingBackslash = false; boolean skipLF = false; while (true) { if (inOff >= inLimit) { // 读取一行数据，并返回这一行的实际读取大小 inLimit = (inStream == null) ? reader.read(inCharBuf) : inStream.read(inByteBuf); inOff = 0; // 如果没有读取到数据，那么就直接结束读取操作 if (inLimit <= 0) { // 如果当前长度为0或者是改行是注释，那么就返回-1。否则返回len的值。 if (len == 0 || isCommentLine) { return -1; } return len; } } // 判断是根据字符流还是字节流读取当前字符 if (inStream != null) { // The line below is equivalent to calling a ISO8859-1 decoder. // 字节流是根据ISO8859-1进行编码的，所以在这里进行解码操作。 c = (char) (0xff & inByteBuf[inOff++]); } else { c = inCharBuf[inOff++]; } // 如果前一个字符是换行符号，那么判断当前字符是否也是换行符号 if (skipLF) { skipLF = false; if (c == '\n') { continue; } } // 如果前一个字符是空格，那么判断当前字符是不是空格类字符 if (skipWhiteSpace) { if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\f') { continue; } if (!appendedLineBegin && (c == '\r' || c == '\n')) { continue; } skipWhiteSpace = false; appendedLineBegin = false; } // 如果当前新的一行，那么进入该if判断中 if (isNewLine) { isNewLine = false; // 如果当前字符是#或者是!，那么表示该行是一个注释行 if (c == '#' || c == '!') { isCommentLine = true; continue; } } // 根据当前字符是不是换行符号进行判断操作 if (c != '\n' && c != '\r') { // 当前字符不是换行符号 lineBuf[len++] = c;// 将当前字符写入到行信息缓冲区中，并将len自增加1. // 如果len的长度大于行信息缓冲区的大小，那么对lineBuf进行扩容，扩容大小为原来的两倍，最大为Integer.MAX_VALUE if (len == lineBuf.length) { int newLength = lineBuf.length * 2; if (newLength < 0) { newLength = Integer.MAX_VALUE; } char[] buf = new char[newLength]; System.arraycopy(lineBuf, 0, buf, 0, lineBuf.length); lineBuf = buf; } // 是否是转义字符 // flip the preceding backslash flag if (c == '\\') { precedingBackslash = !precedingBackslash; } else { precedingBackslash = false; } } else { // reached EOL if (isCommentLine || len == 0) { // 如果这一行是注释行，或者是当前长度为0，那么进行clean操作。 isCommentLine = false; isNewLine = true; skipWhiteSpace = true; len = 0; continue; } // 如果已经没有数据了，就重新读取 if (inOff >= inLimit) { inLimit = (inStream == null) ? reader.read(inCharBuf) : inStream.read(inByteBuf); inOff = 0; if (inLimit <= 0) { return len; } } // 查看是否是转义字符 if (precedingBackslash) { // 如果是，那么表示是另起一行，进行属性的定义，len要自减少1. len -= 1; // skip the leading whitespace characters in following line skipWhiteSpace = true; appendedLineBegin = true; precedingBackslash = false; if (c == '\r') { skipLF = true; } } else { return len; } } } } }
根据这个源码，我们可以看出一些特征：readLine这个方法每次读取一行数据；如果我们想在多行写数据，那么可以使用'\'来进行转义，在该转义符号后面换行，是被允许的。
load0方法源码：
private void load0(LineReader lr) throws IOException { char[] convtBuf = new char[1024]; // 读取的字符总数 int limit; // 当前key所在位置 int keyLen; // value的起始位置 int valueStart; // 当前字符 char c; // boolean hasSep; // 是否是转义字符 boolean precedingBackslash; while ((limit = lr.readLine()) >= 0) { c = 0; // key的长度 keyLen = 0; // value的起始位置默认为limit valueStart = limit; // hasSep = false; precedingBackslash = false; // 如果key的长度小于总的字符长度，那么就进入循环 while (keyLen < limit) { // 获取当前字符 c = lr.lineBuf[keyLen]; // 如果当前字符是=或者是:，而且前一个字符不是转义字符，那么就表示key的描述已经结束 if ((c == '=' || c == ':') && !precedingBackslash) { // 指定value的起始位置为当前keyLen的下一个位置 valueStart = keyLen + 1; // 并且指定，去除空格 hasSep = true; break; } else if ((c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\f') && !precedingBackslash) { // 如果当前字符是空格类字符，而且前一个字符不是转义字符，那么表示key的描述已经结束 // 指定value的起始位置为当前位置的下一个位置 valueStart = keyLen + 1; break; } // 如果当前字符为'\'，那么跟新是否是转义号。 if (c == '\\') { precedingBackslash = !precedingBackslash; } else { precedingBackslash = false; } keyLen++; } // 如果value的起始位置小于总的字符长度，那么就进入该循环 while (valueStart < limit) { // 获取当前字符 c = lr.lineBuf[valueStart]; // 判断当前字符是否是空格类字符，达到去空格的效果 if (c != ' ' && c != '\t' && c != '\f') { // 当前字符不是空格类字符，而且当前字符为=或者是:，并在此之前没有出现过=或者:字符。 // 那么value的起始位置继续往后移动。 if (!hasSep && (c == '=' || c == ':')) { hasSep = true; } else { // 当前字符不是=或者:，或者在此之前出现过=或者:字符。那么结束循环。 break; } } valueStart++; } // 读取key String key = loadConvert(lr.lineBuf, 0, keyLen, convtBuf); // 读取value String value = loadConvert(lr.lineBuf, valueStart, limit - valueStart, convtBuf); // 包括key/value put(key, value); } }
我们可以看到，在这个过程中，会将分割符号两边的空格去掉，并且分割符号可以是=,:,空格等。而且=和:的级别比空格分隔符高，即当这两个都存在的情况下，是按照=/:分割的。可以看到在最后会调用一个loadConvert方法，该方法主要是做key/value的读取，并将十六进制的字符进行转换。
2、loadFromXML方法
该方法主要是提供一个从XML文件中读取key/value键值对的方法。底层是调用的XMLUtil的方法，加载完对象属性后，流会被显示的关闭。xml格式如下所示：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd"> <properties> <comment>comments</comment> <entry key="key7">value7</entry> <entry key="key6">value7</entry> <entry key="key4">value4 </entry> <entry key="key3">vlaue3</entry> <entry key="key2">value2</entry> <entry key="key1">value1</entry> </properties> Properties XML File
底层调用的是XMLUtil.load方法，在该方法中是使用DOM方式来访问xml文件的，在这里不做详细的介绍。
3、store(InputStream/Reader,String)方法
该方法主要是将属性值写出到文本文件中，并写出一个comment的注释。底层调用的是store0方法。针对store(InputStream,String)方法，我们可以看到在调用store0方法的时候，进行字节流封装成字符流，并且指定字符集为8859-1。源码如下：
private void store0(BufferedWriter bw, String comments, boolean escUnicode) throws IOException { if (comments != null) { // 写出注释, 如果是中文注释，那么转化成为8859-1的字符 writeComments(bw, comments); } // 写出时间注释 bw.write("#" + new Date().toString()); // 新起一行 bw.newLine(); // 进行线程间同步的并发控制 synchronized (this) { for (Enumeration e = keys(); e.hasMoreElements();) { String key = (String) e.nextElement(); String val = (String) get(key); // 针对空格进行转义，并根据是否需要进行8859-1编码 key = saveConvert(key, true, escUnicode); /* * No need to escape embedded and trailing spaces for value, * hence pass false to flag. */ // value不对空格进行转义 val = saveConvert(val, false, escUnicode); // 写出key/value键值对 bw.write(key + "=" + val); bw.newLine(); } } bw.flush(); }
4、storeToXML方法
将属性写出到xml文件中，底层调用的是XMLUtil.store方法。不做详细的介绍。
五、实例
直接代码：
package com.gerry.bd.properties.jdk; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.util.Properties; import java.util.Set; /** * 操作jdk自身操作属性配置文件的Properties类。<br/> * jdk1.7文档地址：http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/<br/> * java.util.Properties继承自HashTable，最主要的子类是Provider * * @author jsliuming * */ public class PropertiesApp { public static void main(String[] args) { InputStream input = null; // 第一种，使用ClassLoad的方法获取InputStram对象。 input = PropertiesApp.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("propertiesApp.properties"); // 第二种，直接使用Class的方法来获取InputStream对象。必须加'/'表示在classpath路径下，如果不加的话，那么获取的是PropertiesApp这个类所在package下的文件。 input = PropertiesApp.class.getResourceAsStream("/propertiesApp.properties"); OutputStream os = null; try { os = new FileOutputStream("storePropertiesApp.xml"); } catch (FileNotFoundException e1) { } // 第一步：创建Properties对象 Properties prop = new Properties(); try { // 第二步：加载属性, 不会自动关闭input输入流。 prop.load(input); // 第三步：获取属性 String value1 = prop.getProperty("key1"); String value5 = prop.getProperty("key5"); String value7 = prop.getProperty("key7", "defaultvalue"); System.out.println("[key1:" + value1 + "],[key5:" + value5 + "],[key7:" + value7 + "]"); Set<String> keys = prop.stringPropertyNames(); System.out.println("全部的key/value属性："); for (String key : keys) { System.out.println("[" + key + "][" + prop.getProperty(key) + "]"); } // 第四步：设置属性 prop.setProperty("key7", "value7"); // 第五步：保存成文件 prop.storeToXML(os, "comments"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if(input != null) { try { input.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // ignore } } if (os != null) { try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // ignore } } } } } PropertiesApp
结果console的输出为：
[key1:value1],[key5:null],[key7:defaultvalue] 全部的key/value属性： [key6][value7] [key4][value4 ] [key3][vlaue3] [key2][value2] [key1][value1] result
