唐迟——长难句

长难句

语法是为了翻译

翻译是为了规避错误选出正确答案

一、找句子的连词、谓语动词和介词结构

连词：

• 并列连词 ：and or but yet 从后往前找相同更容易
• 从属连词 : W+that
  
  
  N个连词可以连接N+1个句子即谓语动词的数量
  
  
  例：You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.

三个谓语动词说明应该有两个连词

说明还存在一个连词as


译：你可以制定一个思想上的蓝图，就像你可以勾勒出一幅房屋的蓝图，并且我们每个人都在日常生活中不断的绘制这些蓝图。

• 介词（介词结构含to do）：
• 1. 做定语
  2. 做状语
  3. 做补语

二、形式主语

宾语从句 ：I believe that god is a girl.

主语从句 ：That god is a girl is obvious.

为了避免头重脚轻，此时应使用形式主语：It is obvious that god is a girl.


It +be + adj/V-ed + that/to do 此时it做形式主语

三、however

however + adj/adv + 主谓宾 时，however译为无论，且adj/adv放在末尾


例：However farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today.

译：无论他们的原则在如今看来多么的遥不可及和不可理喻。

四、介词即其后的成分可以省略，对翻译不造成影响

It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers .

五、状语从句的省略条件

1. 前后主语一致
2. 从句谓语动词含有be动词

六、非谓语动词

When I finishi my homework,I start to watch TV.

Finishing my homework,I watch TV.

简化：When I finishi my homework,I start to watch TV.但是句子，句子是错误的。此时应将一个句子的改成非句子（没有谓语动词）且不改变句子的意思——非谓语动词


非谓语动词的形式：

• V-ed（被动）
• V-ing（主动）
• to do（目的）

七、独立主格

例：When he finish his homework,I start to watch TV.前后主语不一致，从句拥有一个独立的主语

When he finish+ ing his homework,I start to watch TV.

例：But (with) homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades ,students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards.

八、同位语从句与定语从句

同位语从句：I have a piece of news to you that **you** get an offer from Yale.

同位语从句是对news的解释说明，后面有完整的句子


定语从句：I have a piece of news to you that comes from Yale.

定语从句是对news的限定，且后面无主语

除了定语从句，其他都是引导成分完整的句子 ，因为定语从句的that是关系代词（=连词+代词）

九、比较级+否定=最高级

例：and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands
译：敏感个人信息泄露是最 容易破坏公司的信任