实验 22：状态模式

本次实验属于模仿型实验，通过本次实验学生将掌握以下内容： 

1、理解状态模式的动机，掌握该模式的结构；

2、能够利用状态模式解决实际问题。

 

[实验任务一]：银行账户

用Java代码模拟实现课堂上的“银行账户”的实例，要求编写客户端测试代码模拟用户存款和取款，注意账户对象状态和行为的变化。

实验要求：

1. 画出对应的类图；

2. 提交源代码；

3. 注意编程规范。

1、源代码

package org.example;

public class Account {
    private AccountState state;
    private String owner;
 
    public AccountState getState() {
        return state;
    }
 
    public void setState(AccountState state) {
        this.state = state;
    }
 
    public String getOwner() {
        return owner;
    }
 
    public void deposit(double amount) {
        state.deposit(amount);
    }
 
    public void withdraw(double amount) {
        state.withdraw(amount);
    }
 
    public Account(String owner, double initBalance) {
        this.owner = owner;
        this.state = new GreenState(initBalance,this);
        System.out.println(this.owner + "开户成功！银行卡初始金额：" + initBalance);
        System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------");
    }
}

package org.example;

public abstract class AccountState {
    protected Account account;//账户名
    protected double balance;//账户金额
    protected String stateName;//当前状态
 
    public void deposit(double amount) {
        System.out.println(account.getOwner() + "存款" + amount);
        this.balance = this.balance + amount;
        stateCheck();
        System.out.println("账户余额：" + this.balance);
        System.out.println("账户状态：" + account.getState().stateName);
    }
 
    public void withdraw(double amount) {
        System.out.println(account.getOwner() + "取款" + amount);
        this.balance = this.balance - amount;
        stateCheck();
        System.out.println("账户余额：" + this.balance);
        System.out.println("账户状态：" + account.getState().stateName);
    }
 
    public void stateCheck(){//状态审查
        if( balance >= -1000 && balance < 0 ) {
            account.setState(new YellowState(this));
        }else if( balance < -1000 ) {
            account.setState(new RedState(this));
        }else if ( balance > 0 ){
            account.setState(new GreenState(this.balance,this.account));
        }
    }
}

package org.example;

public class Client {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account("袁兴兰",1000);
        account.deposit(500);
        System.out.println("------------------------------");
        account.withdraw(900);
        System.out.println("------------------------------");
        account.deposit(50);
        System.out.println("------------------------------");
        account.withdraw(2000);
        System.out.println("------------------------------");
        account.withdraw(5000);
        System.out.println("------------------------------");

    }
}

package org.example;

public class GreenState extends AccountState{
 
    public GreenState(double balance,Account acc) {
        this.balance = balance;
        this.account = acc;
        this.stateName = "正常状态";
    }
}

package org.example;

public class RedState extends AccountState{
 
    public RedState(AccountState state) {
        this.balance = state.balance;
        this.account = state.account;
        this.stateName="透支状态";
    }
 
    public void withdraw(double amount) {
        System.out.println(account.getOwner()+"取款"+amount);
        System.out.println("抱歉，您的账户已处于透支状态，不能取款！");
    }
}

package org.example;

public class YellowState extends AccountState{
 
    public YellowState(AccountState state) {
        this.balance = state.balance;
        this.account = state.account;
        this.stateName="欠费状态";
    }
}

 

2、运行截图