Measures of Variation
方差:measures of variation or measures of spread
源于range发现range不足以评估整个set(因为只用到largest and smallest value),所以有了方差
The Sample Standard Deviation:
偏差:How far, on average, the observations are from the mean;
几何意义:
必须取绝对值,否则第二列sum=0(因为得到的均值就是找到使得到所有值算数值之和为0的点),所以在这里取了平方,所以sum of squared deviations,偏差的平方和。
为什么sample variance除以(n-1)?
Other ways:
Rounding Rule: Do not perform any rounding until the computation is complete; otherwise, substantial roundoff error can result
用标准差恢复了方差作为与mean值的差距,在直观上证明了这一点(最初的expect range)