Oracle11g centos安装

1.Centos版本Linux version 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64

Linux version 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64

2.oracle11g版本

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

3.创建用户组、并设置权限

操作用户：root

操作目录：/home/root

root> groupadd oinstall
root> groupadd dba
root> useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
root> passwd oracle #跳过密码简单提示，连输两次，设置为oracle

4.创建数据库安装目录

操作用户：oracle

操作目录：/home/oracle

>root su - oracle #切换oracle用户
>oracle mkdir -p app/oracle11g #ORACLE_BASE
>oracle mkdir -p app/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/db_1 #ORACLE_HOME
>oracle mkdir -p app/oracle11g/oradata #存放数据库目录
>oracle mkdir -p app/oracle11g/inventory
>oracle mkdir -p app/oracle11g/flash_recovery_area
>oracle chown -R oracle:oinstall app #修改目录所有者
>oracle chmod -R 775 app #修改目录及目录下所有文件权限

5.关闭selinux

操作用户：root

操作目录：/home/root

root>vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled #修改参数

6.关闭防火墙

操作用户：root

操作目录：/home/root

root> systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止服务|firewall
root> systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动

7.修改hosts文件

操作用户：root

操作目录：/home/root

root> vi /etc/hosts
172.22.105.133 oracle #文件最后一行追加

8.修改内核参数

操作用户：root

操作目录：/home/root

root> vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# 修改以下内容
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824

# 添加以下内容
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

# 配置生效
root> sysctl -p

9.修改用户限制文件

操作用户：root

操作目录：/home/root

root> vi /etc/security/limits.conf

# 文件最后一行追加
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240

10.关联设置

操作用户：root

操作目录：/home/root

root>vi /etc/pam.d/login

# 文件最后一行追加
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so

11.Oracle用户修改环境变量

操作用户：oracle

操作目录：/home/oracle

root> su - oracle #注意'-'不能少

# 自动进入oracle用户 ~目录
oracle>vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile #修改环境变量

# 文件最后一行追加
#For Oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app/oracle11g;
export ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
	if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
		ulimit -p 16384
		ulimit -n 65536
	else
		ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
	fi
umask 022
fi

# 配置生效
oracle>source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

12.安装依赖包

操作用户：root

操作目录：/home/root

# 机器要能够访问外网
yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh ksh libaio.i686 glibc.i686 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 libaio-devel.i686 libgcc.i686 libstdc++.i686 unixODBC.i686 unixODBC-devel.i686

13.开始安装数据库

操作用户：oracle

操作目录：/home/oracle

oracle> ls
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip app

# 解压oracle安装包，将自动解压到databse目录
oracle> unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
oracle> unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

oracel> ls
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip app databse

# 编辑数据库安装文件db_install.rsp
oracle> vi /home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

#修改以下参数配置
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY #安装类型
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=DATAFS #主机名称
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall #安装组
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/oracle/inventory #INVENTORY目录
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN #选择语言
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1 #oracle_home
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle #oracle_base
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE #oracle版本
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba #dba用户组
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba #oper用户组
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE #数据库类型
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl #globalDBName
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl #SID
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1024 #自动管理内存的最小内存(M)
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle #设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true #设置安全更新

14.安装数据库软件

操作用户：oracle

操作目录：/home/oracle/database

oracle> ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

等待安装完成，不要终止终端。

15.安装完成后，执行安装脚本(注意要用root用户执行)

操作用户：root

操作目录：/home/root

# 注意目录要切换成自己的安装目录
root> /home/oracle/app/oracle11g/inventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /opt/oracle/inventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

# 注意目录要切换成自己的安装目录
root> /home/oracle/app/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

Check /home/oracle/app/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/db_1/install/root_DATAFS_2021-11-4_12-36-50.log for the output of root script

16.监听器配置

操作用户：oracle

操作目录：/home/oracle

oracle> netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle//database/response/netca.rsp
oracle> lsnrctl start
oracle> lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 04-NOV-2021 18:03:18

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1527)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                04-NOV-2021 16:04:05
Uptime                    0 days 1 hr. 59 min. 13 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /home/oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/slave2/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1527)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=slave2)(PORT=1527)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

17.安装数据库实例

操作用户：oracle

操作目录：/home/oracle

# 修改database/response/netca.rsp文件中的重要参数
oracle> vi database/response/netca.rsp

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION ="11.2.0" #不能更改

OPERATION_TYPE ="createDatabase"

GDBNAME ="orcl" #数据库的名字

SID ="orcl" #对应的实例名字

TEMPLATENAME ="General_Purpose.dbc" ##建库用的模板文件

SYSPASSWORD ="oracle" #SYS管理员密码

SYSTEMPASSWORD ="oracle" #SYSTEM管理员密码

SYSMANPASSWORD= "oracle"

DBSNMPPASSWORD= "oracle"

DATAFILEDESTINATION =/home/oracle/app/oracle11g/oradata #数据文件存放目录

RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/home/oracle/app/oracle11g/flash_recovery_area #恢复数据存放目录

CHARACTERSET ="ZHS16GBK" #字符集

TOTALMEMORY ="2048" #根据机器内存大小设置

# 开始创建数据库实例
oracle>dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details.

17.配置监听器listener（重要！！否则远程连不上，报错ORA-12505tnslistener-does-not-currently-know）

操作用户：oracle

操作目录：/home/oracle

# 关闭监听器
oracle> lsnrctl stop

# sqlplus登入数据库
oracle> sqlplus /nolog
sql> conn / as sysdba

# 修改参数，并停止oracle服务
sql> alter system set LOCAL_LISTENER='(DESCRIPTION_LIST =  (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))))';
sql> alter system register;
sql> shutdown immediate #立即停止oracle服务

# 启动oracle服务,并退出
sql> startup;
oracle> exit;

# 启动监听器
>oracle lsnrctl start;

到此，oracle11g步骤已全部完成！可以尝试使用客户端进行远程连接

可能因为环境不同，而导致安装出错，如有问题，请自行百度解决！