linux下oracle报错为问号

1、在 /etc/profile 添加：

export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK"

SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA需要用双引号，要不然中间就出现空格，解析就会出问题了

再执行：

source /etc/profile

2、linux 添加环境变量的几种方法

（1）直接在终端用命令添加，这个环境变量设置只在该终端窗口中有效，退出窗口就会失效；

export NLS_LANG=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK

（2）在.bash_profile文件中添加，/etc/profile对所有用户生效，~/.bash_profile只对当前用户生效。用命令vi .bash_profile添加也是用export NLS_LANG=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK

（3）在/etc/profile中添加，对所有的用户有效；修改完后需要用source命令使其生效；

vi /etc/profile

（4）使用 shell 脚本添加环境变量

if grep -Fxq "export NLS_LANG=\"SIMPLIFIED CHINESE\"_CHINA.ZHS16GBK" /etc/profile

then

  echo " export NLS_LANG=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK found"

else

echo " add NLS_LANG=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK to file"

  sed -i '$a export NLS_LANG=\"SIMPLIFIED CHINESE\"_CHINA.ZHS16GBK' /etc/profile

   source /etc/profile

fi

3、profile 文件内容如下

# /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc

# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.

pathmunge () {
    case ":${PATH}:" in
        *:"$1":*)
            ;;
        *)
            if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
                PATH=$PATH:$1
            else
                PATH=$1:$PATH
            fi
    esac
}


if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
    if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
        # ksh workaround
        EUID=`/usr/bin/id -u`
        UID=`/usr/bin/id -ru`
    fi
    USER="`/usr/bin/id -un`"
    LOGNAME=$USER
    MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi

# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
    pathmunge /usr/sbin
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
    pathmunge /usr/sbin after
fi

HOSTNAME=`/usr/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
    export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
    export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi

export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL
# ！！！！！！！！！！！！！！在这里添加！！！！！！！！！！！！！！
export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK"

# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then
    umask 002
else
    umask 022
fi

for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh /etc/profile.d/sh.local ; do
    if [ -r "$i" ]; then
        if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then 
            . "$i"
        else
            . "$i" >/dev/null
        fi
    fi
done

unset i
unset -f pathmunge

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
              ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
        else
              ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
fi