空间数据
1.ArcGIS
ArcGIS Pro
ArcGIS Desktop
2.QGIS
QGIS是C++编写
3.gvSIG是免费的开源 GIS 软件
安装QGIS 2
Open a terminal and type:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install qgis python-matplotlib python-scipy
Press Enter and wait until the software is downloaded and installed.
Now, QGIS 2 is installed.
安装QGIS 3
need qgis and qgis-python (to run plugins).
Packages like qgis-grass (or qgis-plugin-grass), qgis-server can be skipped initially,
方式一： software repositories (to add to your installation manager)
sudo add-apt-repository "deb https://qgis.org/debian bionic main"
sudo add-apt-repository "deb-src https://qgis.org/debian bionic main"
wget -O - https://qgis.org/downloads/qgis-2017.gpg.key | gpg --import gpg --fingerprint CAEB3DC3BDF7FB45
gpg --export --armor CAEB3DC3BDF7FB45 | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo apt-get install qgis python-qgis qgis-plugin-grass
方式二 binary packages (rpm and deb)
https://ubuntu.qgis.org/ubuntu/pool/main/q/qgis/
deb安装
dpkg -I package.deb 这将显示有关该包的所有信息：
dpkg 的一些常用指令。
$> sudo dpkg -i <package.deb> #安装包
$> sudo dpkg -r <package> #删除包
$> sudo dpkg -P <package> #彻底删除包(包括配置文件)
$> dpkg -l #列出当前已安装的包
QtKeychain是一个基于Qt框架开发的库,因此在编译之前需要先安装Qt
sudo apt-get install libqca-qt5
sudo apt install libgdal-dev
sudo apt install qttools5-dev
sudo apt install libspatialindex-dev
sudo apt install libqwt-qt5-dev
sudo apt-get install bison ca-certificates cmake debhelper
dh-python flex gdal-bin grass-dev libexiv2-dev
libexpat1-dev libfcgi-dev libgdal-dev libgeos-dev libgsl-dev libpq-dev libproj-dev libqca-qt5-2-dev
libqca-qt5-2-plugins libqscintilla2-qt5-dev libqt5opengl5-dev
libqt5serialport5-dev libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5svg5-dev
libqt5webkit5-dev libqt5xmlpatterns5-dev libqwt-qt5-dev libspatialindex-dev
libspatialite-dev libsqlite3-dev libsqlite3-mod-spatialite libzip-dev ninja-build
ocl-icd-opencl-dev opencl-headers pkg-config pyqt5-dev-tools pyqt5-dev pyqt5.qsci-dev python3-all-dev
python3-dev python3-future python3-gdal python3-mock python3-nose2
python3-owslib python3-psycopg2 python3-pyqt5 python3-pyqt5.qsci python3-pyqt5.qtsql
python3-pyqt5.qtsvg python3-sip-dev python3-sip python3-termcolor python3-yaml qt3d5-dev
qt3d-assimpsceneimport-plugin qt3d-defaultgeometryloader-plugin qt3d-gltfsceneio-plugin qt3d-scene2d-plugin
qt5keychain-dev qtbase5-dev
qtbase5-private-dev qtpositioning5-dev qttools5-dev-tools
qttools5-dev libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler saga git doxygen
graphviz xvfb xauth xfonts-base xfonts-100dpi xfonts-75dpi xfonts-scalable spawn-fcgi
poppler-utils lighttpd locales
libqgis-3d libqgis-analysis libqgis-app libqgis-core
libqgispython libqgis-gui
libqgis-server libqgis-native libqgisgrass7
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
qgis : Depends: libqgis-3d
Depends: libqgis-analysis
Depends: libqgis-app
Depends: libqgis-core
Depends: libqgis-gui
Depends: python3-qgis
qgis-plugin-grass : Depends: qgis-provider-grass
Depends: grass740
Depends: libgdal20 (>= 1.8.0)
Depends: libqgis-app
Depends: libqgis-core
Depends: libqgis-gui
Depends: libqgisgrass
PyQGIS
QGIS 支持 python 脚本来扩展其核心功能。
PyQGIS 是指 QGIS 中的 Python 环境, 它允许用户使用 Python 库自动化工作流程和扩展 QGIS
las是一种二进制点云存储格式，具体包括11种，下表中，uint和 int分别代表无符号和有符号整形；float为浮点型。
格式1-5均基于格式0，分别添加一些维度
QGIS version 3.25 (released in 2021) and subsequent versions has a feature that
allows you to import LiDAR point clouds (LAZ files) into QGIS
without needing a third party extension.
绘制geojson地图
GeoJSON是一种对各种地理数据结构进行编码的格式，基于Javascript对象表示法(JavaScript Object Notation, 简称JSON)
的地理空间信息数据交换格式。GeoJSON是用于表示地理对象的格式。 它与常规JSON不同，因为它支持几何类型，
例如：Point，LineString，Polygon，MultiPoint，MultiLineString，MultiPolygon和GeometryCollection。
语法规范是符合 JSON 格式的，只不过对其名称进行了规范，专门用于表示地理信息。
GeoJSON对象可以表示几何、特征或者特征集合
https://datav.aliyun.com/portal/school/atlas/area_selector
GeoPandas
Geopandas沿用了pandas的数据类型，所以geopandas中也有两种数据类型：
GeoSeries
GeoDataFrame
QGis
热力地图:
这种地图也是用颜色来对数据进行展示，它是把数据转化为不同色调的颜色，用颜色的变化程度来反映该地理坐标系范围内的热点分析、区域聚集等数据信息
热图有点类似于分区统计图， 它利用颜色或阴影来表示不同的值或值范围
矩形块地图是用柱形图的形式展现地区数据
GIS开发入坑(三)--QGIS制作行政区划及背景图层 https://blog.csdn.net/lordwish/article/details/128381668
Excel
参考
【python】点云格式转换--pcd2las https://blog.csdn.net/qq_20314665/article/details/125388191
https://laspy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
https://equatorstudios.com/import-laz-into-qgis/
