JavaWeb详解

JavaWeb从入门到实战

Maven

maven阿里云镜像

<mirror>
	<id>nexus-aliyun</id>
    <mirrorOf>*,!jeecg,!jeecg-snapshots</mirrorOf>
    <name>Nexus aliyun</name>
    <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
</mirror>

Servlet

Servlet简介

  • Servlet就是sun公司开发动态web的一门技术
  • sun在这些API中提供一个接口叫做:Servlet,如果你想开发一个Servlet程序,只需要完成两个小步骤:
    • 编写一个类,实现Servlet接口
    • 把开发好的Java类部署到web服务器中

把实现了Servlet接口的Java程序叫做Servlet

HelloServlet

package org.example.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置响应类型
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        //设置响应编码格式
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        PrintWriter out=resp.getWriter();
        out.print("<html>");
        out.print("<head>");
        out.print("<title>Hello World</title>");
        out.print("</head>");
        out.print("<body>");
        out.print("<h1>Hello World!</h1>");
        out.print("<h1>你好,世界!</h1>");
        out.print("</body>");
        out.print("</html>");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //无论使用get还是post方式都会执行doget中的方法
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

编写Servlet的映射:

为什么需要映射:我们写的是Java程序,但是要通过浏览器访问,而浏览器需要连接web服务器,所以我们需要在web服务中注册我们写的Servlet,还需给他一个浏览器能够访问的路径;

<!--web.xml中是配置我么web的核心应用-->
  <!--注册Servlet-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.example.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <!--一个Servlet对应一个Mapping:映射-->
  <!--Servlet的请求路径-->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

Servlet原理

Mapping问题

1、一个Servlet可以指定一个映射路径(最常用)

<servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

2、一个Servlet可以指定多个映射路径

<servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello3</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

3、一个Servlet可以指定通用映射路径

<servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

4、可以指定前缀或者后缀的映射路径

<!--可以自定义后缀实现请求映射
注意点:*前面不能加项目映射的路径(/hello/*.test)-->
<servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.test</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

ServletContext

web容器在启动的时候,它会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象,它代表了当前的web应用;

共享数据

在一个servlet中保存,可以在另一个servlet中获取

package org.example.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

//在servlet中保存
public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String username="张三";
        //将一个数据保存在ServletContext中,名字为username,值为username对象
        servletContext.setAttribute("username",username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}
package org.example.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

//获取ServletContextDemo存入ServletContext中的值
public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String username = (String) servletContext.getAttribute("username");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");//必须设置响应类型,否则响应结果还是中文乱码
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().print(username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

获取初始化参数

在web.xml中配置初始化参数

<!--初始化参数-->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>url</param-name>
    <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</param-value>
  </context-param>

获取初始化参数

package org.example.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class InitParameterDemo extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String url = servletContext.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(url);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

请求转发

package org.example.servlet;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RequestDispatcherDemo extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = servletContext.getRequestDispatcher("/initParameter");
        requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);//调用forward实现请求转发
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

读取资源文件

db.properties

driverClass=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mytest
username=root
password=123456
package org.example.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Properties;

public class ResourceAsStreamDemo extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        InputStream resourceAsStream = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(resourceAsStream);
        String driverClass = (String) properties.get("driverClass");
        String url = (String) properties.get("url");
        String username = (String) properties.get("username");
        String password = (String) properties.get("password");
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        out.println(driverClass);
        out.println(url);
        out.println(username);
        out.println(password);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

HttpServletResponse

web服务器接收到客户端的http请求,针对这个请求,分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象,代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse;

  • 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数:找HttpServletRequest
  • 如果要给客户端响应一些信息:找HttpServletResponse

分类:

负责向浏览器发送数据的方法

ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;

下载文件:

package org.example.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

public class FileServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //要获取下载文件的路径
        String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/风景.webp");
        System.out.println("下载文件的路径: "+realPath);
        //获取下载的文件名
        String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf('\\') + 1);
        //设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"utf-8"));
        //获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        //创建缓冲区
        int len=0;
        byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
        //获取OutputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
        //将OutputStream写入到buffer缓冲区
        while((len=fileInputStream.read(buffer))>0){
            outputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        outputStream.close();
        fileInputStream.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

验证码

package org.example.servlet;

import com.sun.javafx.iio.ImageStorage;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

public class ImageServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //如何让浏览器5秒自动刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
        //在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(120, 80, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //获得画笔对象
        Graphics2D graphics = (Graphics2D) bufferedImage.getGraphics();
        //设置图片的背景颜色
        graphics.setColor(Color.black);
        graphics.fillRect(0,0,120,80);
        //给图片写数据
        graphics.setColor(Color.white);
        graphics.setFont(new Font("",Font.BOLD,20));
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            graphics.drawString(getRandomData(),20*i+20,50);
        }
        //告诉浏览器,这个请求以图片的形式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        //网站存在缓存,不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
        //把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(bufferedImage,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
    }

    private String getRandomData(){
        String data="1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
        int rand=new Random().nextInt(data.length());
        return String.valueOf(data.charAt(rand));
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

重定向

package org.example.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RedirectServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        /*
        * resp.setHeader("Location","/start/authCode");
        * resp.setStatus(302);*/
        resp.sendRedirect("/start/authCode");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

面试题:请你聊聊重定向和转发的区别?

相同点

  • 页面都会实现跳转

不同点

  • 请求转发的时候,url不会发生变化
  • 重定向的时候,url地址栏会发生变化

HttpServletRequest

获取参数以及请求转发

package org.example.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class RegisterServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String gender = req.getParameter("gender");
        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
        System.out.println(gender);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbies));
        //这里的 / 代表当前的wen应用
        req.getRequestDispatcher("success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

Cookie和Session

保存会话的两种技术

Cookie

  • 客户端技术(响应,请求)

Session

  • 服务器技术,利用这个技术,可以保存用户的会话信息,我们可以把信息或者数据放在Session中!
  1. 从请求中拿到cookie的信息
  2. 服务器响应给客户端cookie
Cookie[] cookies=req.getCookies();//获得Cookie
String name=cookie.getName();//获得Cookie中的key
String value=cookie.getValue();//获得Cookie中的value
Cookie cookie=new Cookie(String key, String value);//新建一个Cookie
cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);//设置Cookie的有效期为24小时
resp.addCookie(cookie);//将cookie响应给客户端

Cookie:一般会保存在本地的用户目录 appdata下

Cookie细节

  • 一个Cookie只能保存一个信息
  • 一个web站点可以给浏览器发送多个cookie,最多存放20个cookie
  • Cookie大小有限制4kb
  • 300个cookie浏览器上限

删除Cookie

  • 不设置有效期,关闭浏览器,自动失效
  • 设置有效期为0

字符串在网络中的编码和解码

URLEncoder.encode("张三","utf-8");//使用utf-8编码
URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"utf-8");//使用utf-8解码

Session(重点)

什么是Session

  • 服务器会给每一个用户(浏览器)创建一个Session对象
  • 一个Session独占一个浏览器,只要浏览器没有关闭,这个Session就存在
  • 用户登录之后,整个都可以访问!--> 保存用户信息;保存购物车信息等等。

Session和Cookie的区别

  • Cookie是把用户的数据写给用户的浏览器,浏览器保存(可以保存多个)
  • Session把用户的数据写到用户独占的Session中,服务器端保存(保存重要的信息,减少服务器资源的浪费)
  • Session对象由服务器创建

Session存数据

package org.example.servlet;

import org.example.domain.Person;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SessionDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //解决乱码问题
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //得到session
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        //给session中存东西
        //session.setAttribute("name","张三");
        Person person = new Person("张三", 21);
        session.setAttribute("person",person);
        //获取session的id
        String id = session.getId();
        //判断session是不是新创建的
        if(session.isNew()){
            resp.getWriter().write("session创建成功,ID: "+id);
        }else{
            resp.getWriter().write("session已经存在,ID: "+id);
        }
        //Session创建的时候做了什么事情
        /*Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSIONID", id);
        resp.addCookie(cookie);*/
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

Session获取数据

package org.example.servlet;

import org.example.domain.Person;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SessionDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //解决乱码问题
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //得到session
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        //String name = (String) session.getAttribute("name");
        Person person = (Person) session.getAttribute("person");
        resp.getWriter().print(person);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

注销Session

package org.example.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SessionDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        session.removeAttribute("person");
        //手动注销Session
        session.invalidate();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

Session自动过期:web.xml配置

<!--设置Session的默认失效时间-->
  <session-config>
    <!--1分钟后session自动失效,以分钟为单位-->
    <session-timeout>1</session-timeout>
  </session-config>

JSP

什么是JSP

Java Server Pages:Java服务器端页面,也和Servlet一样,用户动态Web技术

最大的特点:

  • 写JSP就像在写HTML
  • 区别
    • HTML只给用户提供静态的数据
    • JSP页面中可以嵌入Java代码,为用户提供动态数据

JSP基础语法

JSP表达式

<%--
JSP表达式
作用:用来将程序的输出,输出到客户端
<%= 变量或表达式 %>
--%>
<%=new java.util.Date()%>

JSP脚本片段

<%--jsp脚本片段--%>
<%--脚本片段可以嵌套--%>
<%
    int sum=0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
        sum+=i;
    }
    out.print("<h1>sum="+sum+"</h1>");
%>

JSP声明

<%!
    static{
        System.out.println("Loading Servlet!");
    }
    private int globalVar=0;
    public void test(){
        System.out.println("进入了test方法");
    }
%>

JSP声明:会被编译到JSP生成的Java类中!其他的,就会被生成到_jspService方法中

//将<%%>的内容转换为Servlet的服务方法。
<%%>
//< %!%>的内容被直接翻译到Servlet类中。
<%!%>
//jsp注释
<%--注释--%>
//html注释
<!--注释-->

自定义错误页面

方式一

<%@ page errorPage="error/500.jsp" %>//指定发生错误后跳转的页面
<%@ page isErrorPage="true" %>//指定当前页面是错误页面

方式二

//web.xml配置
<error-page>
	<error-code>500</error-code>
    <location>/error/500.jsp</location>
</error-page>
<error-page>
    <error-code>404</error-code>
    <location>/error/404.jsp</location>
</error-page>

include

include指令常用来拼接页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>body</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--jsp标签--%>
<jsp:include page="common/header.jsp"></jsp:include>
<%--<%@ include file="common/header.jsp"%>--%>
<h1>我是body</h1>
<%--<%@ include file="common/footer.jsp"%>--%>
<jsp:include page="common/footer.jsp"></jsp:include>
</body>
</html>

注意

如果include进来的页面和本页面中存在相同的变量,会报500错误,所以include的本质就是拼接页面

9大内置对象

  • PageContext
  • Request
  • Response
  • Session
  • Application
  • config
  • out
  • page(不用了解)
  • exception

举例

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>pageContextDemo1</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--内置对象--%>
<%
    pageContext.setAttribute("name1","张三");//保存的数据只在一个页面中有效
    request.setAttribute("name2","李四");//保存的数据只在一次请求中有效,请求转发会携带这个数据
    session.setAttribute("name3","王五");//保存的数据只在一次会话中有效,从打开浏览器到关闭浏览器
    application.setAttribute("name4","赵六");//保存的数据只在服务器中有效,从打开服务器到关闭服务器
%>
<%
    /*从pageContext获取*/
    String name1 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name1");
    String name2 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name2");
    String name3 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name3");
    String name4 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name4");
    String name5 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name5");
%>
<%--使用el表达式输出--%>
<h3>${name1}</h3><%--可以找到--%>
<h3>${name2}</h3><%--可以找到--%>
<h3>${name3}</h3><%--可以找到--%>
<h3>${name4}</h3><%--可以找到--%>
<h3>${name5}</h3><%--不可以找到--%>
</body>
</html>

新建一个页面获取上一个页面存放的值

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>pageContextDemo2</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--内置对象--%>
<%
    /*从pageContext获取*/
    String name1 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name1");//获取不到
    String name2 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name2");//获取不到
    String name3 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name3");
    String name4 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name4");
    String name5 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name5");//获取不到
%>
<%--使用el表达式输出--%>
<h3>${name1}</h3>
<h3>${name2}</h3>
<h3>${name3}</h3>
<h3>${name4}</h3>
<h3>${name5}</h3>
</body>
</html>

request:客户端向服务器发送请求,产生的数据用户看完就没用了,比如:新闻,用户看完就没用了!

session:客户端向服务器发送请求,产生数据,用户用完一会还有用,比如:购物车

application:客户端向服务器发送请求,产生的数据,一个用户用完了,其他用户还可能使用,比如:聊天数据

JSP标签、JSTL标签、EL表达式

EL表达式

  • 获取数据
  • 执行运算
  • 获取web开发的常用对象

JSP标签

请求转发

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="utf-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>jspTag1</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>jspTag1</h1>
<%--请求转发并携带转发参数--%>
<jsp:forward page="jspTag2.jsp">
    <jsp:param name="name" value="张三"/>
</jsp:forward>
</body>
</html>

接收请求转发数据

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="utf-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>jspTag2</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>jspTag2</h1>
<%--取出参数--%>
<%=request.getParameter("name")%>
</body>
</html>

JSTL标签

JSTL标签库使用步骤

  • 引入对应的taglib
  • 使用其中的方法
  • 在Tomcat也需要引入jstl的包,否则会报错:JSTL解析错误

<c:if>

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<%--引入jstl核心标签库,我们才能使用jstl标签--%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>if</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>if测试</h3>
<form action="jstlCore1.jsp" method="get">
    <%--el表达式获取表单中的数据:${param.参数名}--%>
    <input type="text" name="username" value="${param.username}"><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
<%--判断如果提交的用户名是admin,则登录成功--%>
<c:if test="${param.username=='admin'}" var="isAdmin">
    <c:out value="管理员欢迎您"/>
</c:if>
<c:out value="${isAdmin}"/>
</body>
</html>

<c:when>

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<%--引入jstl核心标签库,我们才能使用jstl标签--%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>when</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--定义一个变量score,值为85--%>
<c:set var="score" value="85"/>
<c:choose>
    <c:when test="${score>=90}">
        <c:out value="你的成绩为优秀"/>
    </c:when>
    <c:when test="${score>=80}">
        <c:out value="你的成绩为良好"/>
    </c:when>
    <c:when test="${score>=70}">
        <c:out value="你的成绩为中等"/>
    </c:when>
    <c:when test="${score>=60}">
        <c:out value="你的成绩为及格"/>
    </c:when>
    <c:otherwise>
        <c:out value="你的成绩不及格"/>
    </c:otherwise>
</c:choose>
</body>
</html>

<c:foreach>

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<%--引入jstl核心标签库,我们才能使用jstl标签--%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>foreach</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
    ArrayList<String> list=new ArrayList<>();
    list.add("张三");
    list.add("李四");
    list.add("王五");
    list.add("赵六");
    list.add("孙七");
    request.setAttribute("list",list);
%>
<%--
var     每一次遍历出来的变量
item    要遍历的对象
begin   开始遍历的下标
end     遍历结束的下标
step    步长
--%>
<c:forEach items="${list}" var="person">
    <c:out value="${person}"/><br/>
</c:forEach>
</body>
</html>

JavaBean

实体类

JavaBean有特定的写法:

  • 必须要有一个无参构造
  • 属性必须私有化
  • 必须有对应的get/set方法

一般用来和数据库的字段做映射ORM

ORM:对象关系映射

  • 表--->类
  • 字段--->属性
  • 行记录--->对象

Person表

id name age address
1 张三 21 北京
2 李四 22 上海
3 王五 23 广州

Person类

class Person{
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String address;
    
    public void setId(int id){
        this.id=id;
    }
    public int getId(){
        return this.id;
    }
    public void setName(String name){
        this.name=name;
    }
    public String getName(){
        return this.name;
    }
    public void setAge(int age){
        this.age=age;
    }
    public int getAge(){
        return this.age;
    }
    public void setAddress(String address){
        this.address=address;
    }
    public String getAddress(){
        return this.address;
    }
}

MVC三层架构

MVC

  • model
    • 业务处理:业务逻辑(Service)
    • 数据持久层:CRUD(Dao)
  • view
    • 展示数据
    • 提供链接发起Srevlet请求(a,form,img...)
  • controller
    • 接收用户的请求:(req:请求参数、Session信息......)
    • 交给业务层处理对应的代码
    • 控制视图的跳转

过滤器Filter(重点)

Filter:过滤器,用来过滤网站的数据

  • 处理中文乱码
  • 登录验证......

解决中文乱码过滤器

package org.example.filter;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
    /**
     * 初始化:web服务器启动时就初始化了,等待过滤对象的出现
     * @param filterConfig
     * @throws ServletException
     */
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter初始化了");
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        servletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter执行前");
        //让我们的请求继续走,如果不写,程序到这里就被拦截停止了
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter执行后");
    }

    /**
     * 销毁
     */
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter销毁了");
    }
}

web.xml配置

<filter>
    <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.example.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <!--只要是 /servlet的任何请求,都会经过这个过滤器-->
    <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

监听器Listener

监听在线人数

package org.example.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;

public class OnlineCountListener implements HttpSessionListener {
    /**
     * 创建Session监听:监听你的一举一动
     * 一旦创建Session就会触发一次这个事件
     * @param se
     */
    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        ServletContext servletContext = se.getSession().getServletContext();
        Integer onlineCount = (Integer) servletContext.getAttribute("OnlineCount");
        if(onlineCount==null){
            onlineCount=new Integer(1);
        }
        else{
            int count=onlineCount.intValue();
            onlineCount=new Integer(count++);
        }
        servletContext.setAttribute("OnlineCount",onlineCount);
    }

    /**
     * 销毁session监听
     * 一旦销毁session就会触发一次这个事件
     * @param se
     */
    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        ServletContext servletContext = se.getSession().getServletContext();
        Integer onlineCount = (Integer) servletContext.getAttribute("OnlineCount");
        if(onlineCount==null){
            onlineCount=new Integer(0);
        }
        else{
            int count=onlineCount.intValue();
            onlineCount=new Integer(count--);
        }
        servletContext.setAttribute("OnlineCount",onlineCount);
    }
}

web.xml配置

<!--注册监听器-->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.example.listener.OnlineCountListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

案例

用户登录之后才能进入主页!用户注销后就不能进入主页了!

JDBC

连接mysql数据库

package org.example.test;

import java.sql.*;

public class TestJdbc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String driver="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver";
        String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8";
        String username="root";
        String password="123456";
        Connection connection = null;
        Statement statement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        try {
            Class.forName(driver);
            connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
            statement = connection.createStatement();
            String sql="select * from users;";
            resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
            while(resultSet.next()){
                Object id = resultSet.getObject(1);
                Object name = resultSet.getObject(2);
                Object pwd = resultSet.getObject(3);
                Object email = resultSet.getObject(4);
                Object  birthday= resultSet.getObject(5);
                System.out.println(id);
                System.out.println(name);
                System.out.println(pwd);
                System.out.println(email);
                System.out.println(birthday);
                System.out.println("=====================");
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                resultSet.close();
                statement.close();
                connection.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

JDBC固定步骤

  1. 加载驱动

    1. Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");//mysql8
      //mysql5是com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
      
  2. 连接数据库,获得Connection对象

    1. connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8", "root", "123456");//mysql8需要加上时区
      
  3. 获取执行sql的Statement对象

    1. statement = connection.createStatement();//不能避免sql注入
      PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(String sql);//可以避免sql注入
      
  4. 编写sql语句

  5. 执行sql

    1. resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
      
  6. 关闭连接

    1. try {
          resultSet.close();
          statement.close();
          connection.close();
      } catch (SQLException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
      
posted @ 2021-10-11 22:22  (x²+y²-1)³=x²y³  阅读(72)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报