设计模式(9)---建造者模式
一、定义
建造者模式:将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离,使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。
解释:使用建造者模式,用户只需要指定需要构造的类型就可以得到它们,而具体建造的过程和细节就不需要知道。
二、UML类图
三、基本代码
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Director director = new Director(); Builder builder1 = new ConcreteBuilder1(); director.Construct(builder1); Product product = builder1.GetProduct(); product.Show(); Console.Read(); } } class Product { IList<string> parts = new List<string>(); public void Add(string part) { parts.Add(part); } public void Show() { Console.WriteLine("\n product create"); foreach (string part in parts) { Console.WriteLine(part); } } } abstract class Builder { public abstract void BuildPartA(); public abstract void BuildPartB(); public abstract Product GetProduct(); } class ConcreteBuilder1 : Builder { private Product product = new Product(); public override void BuildPartA() { product.Add("part A"); } public override void BuildPartB() { product.Add("part B"); } public override Product GetProduct() { return product; } } class Director { public void Construct(Builder builder) { builder.BuildPartA(); builder.BuildPartB(); } }
基本代码中:Director指挥者指挥建造者对产品进行创建。所有具体建造者都继承接口类builder,从而完成具体产品的创建。而在客户端代码中,首先实例化指挥者、具体建造者,指挥者指挥具体建造者对产品进行创建,从而完成生产产品的功能。
四、具体实例
具体需求:采购员(客户端)需要采购一批电脑,他会到电脑城找到老板(指挥者)说明要求,老板会安排人员按照客户的要求进行电脑组装。整个过程,采购员不会涉及到电脑组装的复杂工程中去,他只负责提需求,然后采购到电脑即可。
产品类电脑:
public class Computer { private IList<string> parts = new List<string>(); public void Add(string part) { parts.Add(part); } public void Show() { Console.WriteLine("电脑开始组装................."); foreach (string part in parts) { Console.WriteLine("组件" + part + "已装好"); } Console.WriteLine("电脑组装好了"); } }
抽象建造者:
public abstract class Builder { public abstract void BuildPartCPU(); public abstract void BuildPartMainBoard(); public abstract Computer GetComputer(); }
具体的建造者:
public class ConcreteBuilder1 : Builder { Computer computer = new Computer(); public override void BuildPartCPU() { computer.Add("CPU"); } public override void BuildPartMainBoard() { computer.Add("main board"); } public override Computer GetComputer() { return computer; } }
指挥者老板:
public class Director { public void Construct(Builder builder) { builder.BuildPartCPU(); builder.BuildPartMainBoard(); } }
客户端:
Director director = new Director(); Builder builder1 = new ConcreteBuilder1(); director.Construct(builder1); Computer computer1 = builder1.GetComputer(); computer1.Show();
五、简化示例:
在具体应用中,指挥者和抽象建造者可以省略一个或者都省略,本例中只有产品类和建造者:
产品类:
public class Product { private IList<string> parts = new List<string>(); public void Add(string part) { parts.Add(part); } public void Show() { Console.WriteLine("产品开始组装................."); foreach (string part in parts) { Console.WriteLine("组件" + part + "已装好"); } Console.WriteLine("产品组装好了"); } }
建造者:
public class Builder { private Product product = new Product(); public void BuildPartA() { product.Add("PartA"); } public void BuildPartB() { product.Add("PartB"); } public Product GetProduct() { return product; } public void Construct() { BuildPartA(); BuildPartB(); } }
客户端:
builder = new Builder(); builder.Construct(); Product product = builder.GetProduct(); product.Show();
六、总结
建造者模式实现步骤:1)编写产品类;2)编写抽象建造者类(可省略);3)编写具体的建造者;4)编写指挥者类指挥建造者如何组装产品;最后客户端调用即可。建造者模式通过将建造代码和表现代码相分离,来实现组装过程和具体部件解耦。并且对客户端隐藏了组装如何实现的内部细节,从而使客户端无需关心如何组装,只需要使用即可。
增加一个大话设计模式的实例:
public class Product { IList<string> parts = new List<string>(); public void Add(string part) { parts.Add(part); } public void Show() { Console.WriteLine("\n product create"); foreach (string part in parts) { Console.WriteLine(part); } } } public abstract class PersonBuilder { public abstract void BuildHead(); public abstract void BuildBody(); public abstract void BuildHand(); public abstract void BuildFeet(); public abstract Product GetProduct(); } public class ConcreteFatBuilder : PersonBuilder { private Product product = new Product(); public override void BuildHead() { product.Add("胖头"); } public override void BuildBody() { product.Add("胖身体"); } public override void BuildHand() { product.Add("胖手"); } public override void BuildFeet() { product.Add("胖脚"); } public override Product GetProduct() { return product; } } public class Director { public void Construct(PersonBuilder builder) { builder.BuildHead(); builder.BuildFeet(); builder.BuildHand(); builder.BuildBody(); } } Director director = new Director(); PersonBuilder builder = new ConcreteFatBuilder(); director.Construct(builder); Product product = builder.GetProduct(); product.Show();
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