SSM框架的整合与使用——实现简单的转账系统
一、整合思路
SSM框架即SpringMVC + Spring + MyBati框架集,是一种轻量级的Web开源框架。它们各自在JAVA三层架构中负责的模块如下图所示:
其中,SpringMVC与Spring之间本就存在包含关系,所以它们之间并不需要整合,只需要在web.xml中配置使用即可。而SpringMVC并不和MyBatis直接交互,因此它们之间也不需要进行配置。只有Spring和MyBatis二者之间,我们需要用Spring来将MyBatis整合进来。
因此,我们只需要对web.xml和Spring的配置文件进行一些额外的配置即可。
下面,我们通过实现一个简单的转账系统,来展示SSM框架的整合和使用。
二、SSM框架整合
首先新建一个JavaWeb项目,导入SpringMVC、Spring、MyBatis三个框架的jar包和它们之间整合所需要的jar包。
在src目录下创建controller、dao、service、pojo四个包,分别用来存放控制层、持久层、业务层、普通java类的代码。
配置web.xml,使项目加载SpringMVC和Spring。
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0"> 3 <display-name>SSM</display-name> 4 <welcome-file-list> 5 <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> 6 <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> 7 <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> 8 <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> 9 <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> 10 <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> 11 </welcome-file-list> 12 <!-- 配置服务器启动时加载SpringMVC的调度器 --> 13 <servlet> 14 <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> 15 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 16 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 17 </servlet> 18 <!-- 配置由调度器处理的URL --> 19 <servlet-mapping> 20 <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> 21 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> 22 </servlet-mapping> 23 <!-- 配置监听器启动Spring --> 24 <listener> 25 <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> 26 </listener> 27 <!-- 指定Spring配置文件路径 --> 28 <context-param> 29 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 30 <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> 31 </context-param> 32 <!-- 配置过滤器避免中文乱码 --> 33 <filter> 34 <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> 35 <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> 36 <init-param> 37 <param-name>encoding</param-name> 38 <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> 39 </init-param> 40 </filter> 41 <filter-mapping> 42 <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> 43 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> 44 </filter-mapping> 45 </web-app>
在WEB-INF中创建SpringMVC配置文件SpringMVC-servlet.xml(也可以将配置文件放到其他位置,但需要在web.xml中指明配置文件的路径)和jsp文件夹,jsp文件夹用来存放jsp页面。
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 5 xsi:schemaLocation=" 6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> 10 <!-- 配置需要注解扫描的控制层包 --> 11 <context:component-scan base-package="controller" /> 12 <!-- 配置视图解析器 --> 13 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> 14 <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> 15 <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> 16 </bean> 17 </beans>
在src目录下创建Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml(文件路径在web.xml中指定),配置Spring并加载MyBatis。
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 5 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 6 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 7 https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd 10 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 11 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> 12 <!-- 配置需要注解扫描的业务层包 --> 13 <context:component-scan base-package="service"/> 14 <!-- 配置数据源 --> 15 <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> 16 <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/> 17 <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/user?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai"/> 18 <property name="username" value="root"/> 19 <property name="password" value="root"/> 20 </bean> 21 <!-- 配置MyBatis工厂 --> 22 <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> 23 <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> 24 <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:dao/mybatis-config.xml"/> 25 </bean> 26 <!-- 配置Spring扫描MyBatis的接口 --> 27 <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> 28 <property name="basePackage" value="dao"/> 29 <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/> 30 </bean> 31 <!-- 添加事务支持 --> 32 <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> 33 <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> 34 </bean> 35 <!-- 开启事务注解扫描 --> 36 <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/> 37 </beans>
在dao包里创建MyBatis的配置文件mybatis-config.xml(文件路径在Spring配置文件中指定),指明MyBatis映射文件的路径。
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE configuration 3 PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" 4 "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> 5 <configuration> 6 <mappers> 7 <mapper resource="dao/UserMapper.xml"/> 8 </mappers> 9 </configuration>
在dao包中创建MyBatis的映射文件UserMapper.xml,用来后面实现转账系统时使用。
到了这里,SSM框架环境就已经搭建完成了,可以开始编写代码来实现转账系统了。整合后总的目录结构如下所示:
三、转账系统实现
我们要实现的转账系统很简单,该系统具体的操作流程就是“注册——登录——转账”,用户注册后,默认有100元的余额,然后就可以登陆系统,给指定的用户转账。虽然系统简单,但包含了SSM框架中最基础的部分。
1、实现持久层
经过分析,我们要实现这样的转账系统,首先需要一个记录用户信息的表,因此我们在数据库中,创建一个user库和一个user表,表定义如下:
1 CREATE TABLE `user` ( 2 `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 3 `username` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL, 4 `password` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL, 5 `sum` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 100, 6 PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE 7 ) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 10 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
并插入几条初始数据。
在pojo包中,创建一个跟user表字段对应的类User.java,便于我们传递数据。
1 package pojo; 2 3 public class User { 4 5 private int id; 6 7 private String username; 8 9 private String password; 10 11 private int sum; 12 13 public int getId() { 14 return id; 15 } 16 17 public void setId(int id) { 18 this.id = id; 19 } 20 21 public String getUsername() { 22 return username; 23 } 24 25 public void setUsername(String username) { 26 this.username = username; 27 } 28 29 public String getPassword() { 30 return password; 31 } 32 33 public void setPassword(String password) { 34 this.password = password; 35 } 36 37 public int getSum() { 38 return sum; 39 } 40 41 public void setSum(int sum) { 42 this.sum = sum; 43 } 44 45 @Override 46 public String toString() { 47 return "User [id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", password=" + password + ", sum=" + sum + "]"; 48 } 49 50 }
在前面创建的MyBatis映射文件UserMapper.xml中,写好需要的SQL语句。
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE mapper 3 PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" 4 "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> 5 <mapper namespace="dao.UserDao"> 6 <select id="selectUserByNameAndPass" resultType="pojo.User" parameterType="pojo.User"> 7 select * from user where username = #{username} and password = #{password} 8 </select> 9 <select id="selectUserByName" resultType="pojo.User" parameterType="pojo.User"> 10 select * from user where username = #{username} 11 </select> 12 <insert id="addUser" parameterType="pojo.User"> 13 insert into user (username,password) values (#{username},#{password}) 14 </insert> 15 <update id="updateSumByName" parameterType="pojo.User"> 16 update user set sum = #{sum} where username = #{username} 17 </update> 18 </mapper>
在dao包中创建UserDao.java接口,编写MyBatis映射接口。
1 package dao; 2 3 import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper; 4 5 import pojo.User; 6 7 @Mapper 8 public interface UserDao { 9 10 public User selectUserByNameAndPass(User user); 11 12 public int addUser(User user); 13 14 public User selectUserByName(User user); 15 16 public int updateSumByName(User user); 17 }
到这里持久层就编写完成了,此时的目录结构如下:
2、实现业务层
经过分析,该系统需要实现的业务有三个,分别是“登录”、“注册”和“转账”。我们可以在service包下创建UserService.java类,用三个方法来实现这些业务。代码如下:
1 package service; 2 3 import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; 4 5 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 6 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; 7 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; 8 9 import dao.UserDao; 10 import pojo.User; 11 12 @Service 13 public class UserService { 14 15 @Autowired 16 private UserDao userDao; 17 18 @Autowired 19 private HttpSession httpSession; 20 21 public boolean login(User user) { 22 //验证账号密码 23 user = userDao.selectUserByNameAndPass(user); 24 if (user == null) { 25 return false; 26 } 27 //设置Session 28 httpSession.invalidate(); 29 httpSession.setAttribute("username", user.getUsername()); 30 return true; 31 } 32 33 public boolean register(User user) { 34 //检查用户名是否重复 35 if (userDao.selectUserByName(user) != null) { 36 return false; 37 } 38 userDao.addUser(user); 39 return true; 40 } 41 42 @Transactional 43 public boolean transfer(User user_in) { 44 //检查是否自己向自己转账 45 if (((String) httpSession.getAttribute("username")).equals(user_in.getUsername())) { 46 return false; 47 } 48 //检查转账金额是否为正数 49 int transferSum = user_in.getSum(); 50 if (transferSum <= 0) { 51 return false; 52 } 53 //检查转账目标用户是否存在 54 user_in = userDao.selectUserByName(user_in); 55 if (user_in == null) { 56 return false; 57 } 58 //检查用户是否有足够的余额进行转账 59 User user_out = new User(); 60 user_out.setUsername((String) httpSession.getAttribute("username")); 61 user_out = userDao.selectUserByName(user_out); 62 int remainSum = user_out.getSum() - transferSum; 63 if ( remainSum < 0) { 64 return false; 65 } 66 //开始转账 67 user_out.setSum(remainSum); 68 userDao.updateSumByName(user_out); 69 user_in.setSum(user_in.getSum() + transferSum); 70 userDao.updateSumByName(user_in); 71 return true; 72 } 73 }
三、实现控制层
跟业务层一样,控制层也需要三个控制器来调用业务层。我们在controller包中创建UserController.java类,同样需要编写三个方法,代码如下:
1 package controller; 2 3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 4 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 5 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 6 7 import pojo.User; 8 import service.UserService; 9 10 @Controller 11 public class UserController { 12 13 @Autowired 14 private UserService userService; 15 16 @RequestMapping("/login") 17 public String login(User user) { 18 if(!userService.login(user)) { 19 return "LoginError"; 20 } 21 return "Transfer"; 22 } 23 24 @RequestMapping("/register") 25 public String register(User user) { 26 if(userService.register(user)) { 27 return "RegisterSuccess"; 28 } 29 return "RegisterError"; 30 } 31 32 @RequestMapping("/transfer") 33 public String transfer(User user) { 34 if (userService.transfer(user)) { 35 return "TransferSuccess"; 36 } 37 return "TransferError"; 38 } 39 }
4、实现视图层
根据控制层中的定义,我们总共需要编写七个jsp页面,分别如下:
登录注册页面login.jsp:
1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" 2 pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 3 <!DOCTYPE html> 4 <html> 5 <head> 6 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 7 <title>登录</title> 8 </head> 9 <body> 10 <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post"> 11 <table> 12 <tr> 13 <td align="right">用户名:</td> 14 <td><input type="text" name="username"/></td> 15 </tr> 16 <tr> 17 <td align="right">密码:</td> 18 <td><input type="password" name="password"/></td> 19 </tr> 20 <tr> 21 <td align="center" colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="登录"/><input type="submit" value="注册" formaction="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/register"/></td> 22 </tr> 23 </table> 24 </form> 25 </body> 26 </html>
登录失败页面LoginError.jsp:
1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" 2 pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 3 <!DOCTYPE html> 4 <html> 5 <head> 6 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 7 <title>登录失败</title> 8 </head> 9 <body> 10 用户名或密码错误! 11 </body> 12 </html>
登录成功后的转账页面Transfer.jsp:
1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" 2 pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 3 <!DOCTYPE html> 4 <html> 5 <head> 6 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 7 <title>转账</title> 8 </head> 9 <body> 10 <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/transfer" method="post"> 11 <table> 12 <tr> 13 <td align="center" colspan="2">欢迎你!${user.username}</td> 14 </tr> 15 <tr> 16 <td align="right">用户名:</td> 17 <td><input type="text" name="username"/></td> 18 </tr> 19 <tr> 20 <td align="right">金额:</td> 21 <td><input type="text" name="sum"/></td> 22 </tr> 23 <tr> 24 <td/> 25 <td align="right"><input type="submit" value="转账"/></td> 26 </tr> 27 </table> 28 </form> 29 </body> 30 </html>
注册失败页面RegisterError.jsp:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> 4 <head> 5 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" 6 pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> 8 <title>注册失败</title> 9 </head> 10 <body> 11 注册失败! 12 </body> 13 </html>
注册成功页面RegisterSuccess.jsp:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> 4 <head> 5 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> 7 <title>注册成功</title> 8 </head> 9 <body> 10 注册成功! 11 </body> 12 </html>
转账失败页面TransferError.jsp:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> 4 <head> 5 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" 6 pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> 8 <title>转账失败</title> 9 </head> 10 <body> 11 转账失败! 12 </body> 13 </html>
转账成功页面TransferSuccess.jsp:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> 4 <head> 5 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" 6 pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> 8 <title>转账成功</title> 9 </head> 10 <body> 11 转账成功! 12 </body> 13 </html>
到这里,该转账系统基本实现,最终的目录结构如下:
运行截图:
可见admin账户成功向ysy账户转账50元。