Nodejs ORM框架Sequelize(模型,关联表,事务,循环,及常见问题)
1.建立连接
const Sequelize = require('sequelize');
const sequelize = new Sequelize('database', 'username', 'password', {
host: 'host',
port: 'port',
pool: {
max: 50,
min: 0,
//建立连接最长时间
acquire: 30000,
//空闲最长连接时间
idle: 10000
},
//默认输出执行sql语句
logging: console.log,
define: {
//默认创建表有 createAt, updateAt
timestamps: false,
//可以给表设置别名
freezeTableName: true,
// 字段以下划线(_)来分割(默认是驼峰命名风格)
underscored: false
},
//sequelize v4 必须设置方言
dialect: 'mysql',
//默认DECIMAL and NEWDECIMAL 返回 String
dialectOptions: {
decimalNumbers: true
},
//设置别名,否则不识别$like等关键词($like: Op.like对应关系)
operatorsAliases: 'object',
//时间上的统一
timezone: "+08:00",
})
2.模型定义
const DataTypes = Sequelize.DataTypes;
const user = sequelize.define('u', {
userId: {
type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
primaryKey: true,
autoIncrement: true
},
userName: {
type: DataTypes.STRING,
allowNull: true
},
birthDay: {
type: 'TIMESTAMP',
allowNull: false
},
gender: {
type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
allowNull: true,
defaultValue: 0
},
ctime: {
type: 'TIMESTAMP',
allowNull: false,
defaultValue: Sequelize.literal('CURRENT_TIMESTAMP')
},
updatedAt: {
type: 'TIMESTAMP',
defaultValue: Sequelize.literal('CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'),
field: 'ctime'
}
}, {
tableName: 'user'
})
const products = sequelize.define('p', {
prdId: {
type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
primaryKey: true,
autoIncrement: true
},
prdName: {
type: DataTypes.STRING,
allowNull: false
},
userId: {
type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
allowNull: false
},
price: {
type: DataTypes.DECIMAL(5, 4),
allowNull: false
}
})
products.belongsTo(user, { foreignKey: 'userId', targetKey: 'userId', as: 'u' });
注意点:
1. type如果不存在则直接用字符串表示 如:’TIMESTAMP’;
2. 如果需要在更新表字段时记录更新时间,可应使用updateAt,并设置默认值和对应的字段名。
3. 如果默认值不是具体的数值,可以用literal函数去表示。
4. tableName 表名, u为别名。
5. 建立关联关系时,如果外键关联的是主键则不用写targetKey,否则需要。
3.查询数据
products.findAll({
attributes: ['prdName', 'price'],
include: [{
model: user,
as: 'u',
attributes: ['userName']
}],
//raw:true
}).then(result => {
console.log(JSON.stringify(result))
}).catch(err => {
console.log(err)
})
//结果1:
[
{
"prdName": "ipad",
"price": 4.99,
"u": { "userName": "张三" }
},
{
"prdName": "iphone",
"price": 3.658,
"u": { "userName": "张三" }
},
{
"prdName": "联想笔记本",
"price": 9.32,
"u": { "userName": "李四" }
}
]
我们换个写法
products.findAll({
attributes: ['prdName', 'price'],
include: [{
model: user,
as: 'u',
attributes: ['userName']
}],
raw:true
}).then(result => {
console.log(JSON.stringify(result))
}).catch(err => {
console.log(err)
})
结果2
[
{
"prdName":"ipad",
"price":4.99,
"u.userName":"张三"
},
{
"prdName":"iphone",
"price":3.658,
"u.userName":"张三"
},
{
"prdName":"联想笔记本",
"price":9.32,
"u.userName":"李四"
}
]
换个写法
products.findAll({
attributes: [Sequelize.col('u.userName'),'prdName', 'price'],
include: [{
model: user,
as: 'u',
attributes: []
}],
raw:true
}).then(result => {
console.log(JSON.stringify(result))
}).catch(err => {
console.log(err)
})
结果3:
[
{
"userName":"张三",
"prdName":"ipad",
"price":4.99
},
{
"userName":"张三",
"prdName":"iphone",
"price":3.658
},
{
"userName":"李四",
"prdName":"联想笔记本",
"price":9.32
}
]
可以看出来结果3是我们想要的结果
加条件的写法:
products.findAll({
attributes: [Sequelize.col('u.userName'), 'prdName', 'price'],
include: [{
model: user,
as: 'u',
attributes: []
}],
where: {
prdName: 'ipad',
'$u.userId$': 1
},
raw: true
}).then(result => {
console.log(JSON.stringify(result))
}).catch(err => {
console.log(err)
})
对应sql:
SELECT `u`.`userName`, `p`.`prdName`, `p`.`price` FROM `products` AS `p` LEFT OUTER JOIN `user` AS `u` ON `p`.`userId` = `u`.`userId` WHERE `p`.`prdName` = ‘ipad’ AND `u`.`userId` = 1;
如果给include 表加where条件 须使用'$u.userId$'这种写法;也可在include加where条件
4.事务
function doit() {
//启用事务(自动提交)
return sequelize.transaction(function (t) {
return user.create({
userName: '黄晓明',
birthDay: '1991-06-23',
gender: 0
}, {
transaction: t
}).then(result => {
return user.update({
userName: '李四',
}, {
where: { userId: result.userId },
transaction: t //注意(事务transaction 须和where同级)second parameter is "options", so transaction must be in it
})
})
}).then(result => {
// Transaction 会自动提交
// result 是事务回调中使用promise链中执行结果
// console.log(result.length)
console.log("ok")
}).catch(err => {
// Transaction 会自动回滚
// err 是事务回调中使用promise链中的异常结果
console.log(err)
})
}
5. 循环
const Op = Sequelize.Op;
const Promise = require('bluebird');
function recycle() {
let tranArray = [];
products.findAll({
attributes: ['prdId', 'prdName', 'userId', 'price'],
raw: true
}).then(result => {
result.forEach(rec => {
tranArray.push(products.create({
prdName: rec.prdName,
userId: rec.userId,
price: rec.price
}))
})
return Promise.all(tranArray)
}).then(result => {
console.log('result' + result)
}).catch(err => {
console.log('err' + err)
})
}
一般配合事务使用。