实验3 类与对象

实验任务1:

botton.hpp代码:

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <string>
 5 
 6 using std::string;
 7 using std::cout;
 8 
 9 // 按钮类
10 class Button {
11 public:
12     Button(const string &text);
13     string get_label() const;
14     void click();
15 
16 private:
17     string label;
18 };
19 
20 Button::Button(const string &text): label{text} {
21 }
22 
23 inline string Button::get_label() const {
24     return label;
25 }
26 
27 void Button::click() {
28     cout << "Button '" << label << "' clicked\n";
29 }
View Code

window.hpp代码:

 1 #pragma once
 2 #include "button.hpp"
 3 #include <vector>
 4 #include <iostream>
 5 
 6 using std::vector;
 7 using std::cout;
 8 using std::endl;
 9 
10 // 窗口类
11 class Window{
12 public:
13     Window(const string &win_title);
14     void display() const;
15     void close();
16     void add_button(const string &label);
17 
18 private:
19     string title;
20     vector<Button> buttons;
21 };
22 
23 Window::Window(const string &win_title): title{win_title} {
24     buttons.push_back(Button("close"));
25 }
26 
27 inline void Window::display() const {
28     string s(40, '*');
29 
30     cout << s << endl;
31     cout << "window title: " << title << endl;
32     cout << "It has " << buttons.size() << " buttons: " << endl;
33     for(const auto &i: buttons)
34         cout << i.get_label() << " button" << endl;
35     cout << s << endl;
36 }
37 
38 void Window::close() {
39     cout << "close window '" << title << "'" << endl;
40     buttons.at(0).click();
41 }
42 
43 void Window::add_button(const string &label) {
44     buttons.push_back(Button(label));
45 }
View Code

task1.cpp代码:

 1 #include "window.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::cin;
 6 
 7 void test() {
 8     Window w1("new window");
 9     w1.add_button("maximize");
10     w1.display();
11     w1.close();
12 }
13 
14 int main() {
15     cout << "用组合类模拟简单GUI:\n";
16     test();
17 }
View Code

运行结果截图:

 问题1:

自定义了两个类Botton 类和Window类

标准库类:使用iostream类、string类、vector类

Button类代表一个按钮,具有显示标签和点击的功能;Window类代表一个窗口,可以包含多个按钮,Window类中包含Button类的对象,用于表示窗口中的按钮。

 

问题2:

构造函数不需要 const,因为构造函数会修改对象的状态,初始化成员变量和添加初始按钮。不需要 inline,构造函数通常不适合内联。

click() display() close() add_button不需要 const,函数会输出信息并触发其他状态变化。不需要 inline,函数包含 I/O 操作和容器访问,不适合内联。

 

问题3:

调用window中的成员函数display时,通过字符串s显示四十个'*'分割界面。

 

实验任务2:

test2代码:

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <vector>
 3 
 4 using namespace std;
 5 
 6 void output1(const vector<int> &v) {
 7     for(auto &i: v)
 8         cout << i << ", ";
 9     cout << "\b\b \n";
10 }
11 
12 void output2(const vector<vector<int>> v) {
13     for(auto &i: v) {
14         for(auto &j: i)
15             cout << j << ", ";
16         cout << "\b\b \n";
17     }
18 }
19 
20 void test1() {
21     vector<int> v1(5, 42);
22     const vector<int> v2(v1);
23 
24     v1.at(0) = -999;
25     cout << "v1: ";  output1(v1);
26     cout << "v2: ";  output1(v2);
27     cout << "v1.at(0) = " << v1.at(0) << endl;
28     cout << "v2.at(0) = " << v2.at(0) << endl;
29 }
30 
31 void test2() {
32     vector<vector<int>> v1{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}};
33     const vector<vector<int>> v2(v1);
34 
35     v1.at(0).push_back(-999);
36     cout << "v1: \n";  output2(v1);
37     cout << "v2: \n";  output2(v2);
38 
39     vector<int> t1 = v1.at(0);
40     cout << t1.at(t1.size()-1) << endl;
41     
42     const vector<int> t2 = v2.at(0);
43     cout << t2.at(t2.size()-1) << endl;
44 }
45 
46 int main() {
47     cout << "测试1:\n";
48     test1();
49 
50     cout << "\n测试2:\n";
51     test2();
52 }
View Code

运行截图:

 

问题1:

 vector<int> 类型的向量 v1,并用值 42 初始化了它的5个元素。

常量向量 v2,它是 v1 的拷贝。由于 v2 是常量,其内容不可修改。

修改 v1 的第一个元素为 -999

 

问题2:

vector 类型的向量 v1,并初始化为包含两个子向量的向量。

常量向量 v2,它是 v1 的拷贝。由于 v2 是常量,所以不可修改。

 v1 的第一个子向量添加元素 -999

 

问题3:

获取v1里的第一个子向量赋值给t1

输出t1的最后一个元素-999,验证-999已经被添加

获取v2里的第一个子向量赋值给t2

输出t2的最后一个元素3

 

问题4:

标准库模板类vector的复制函数使用深复制,不需要至少提供一个const成员函数作为接口。

 

实验任务3:

task3代码:

 1 #include "vectorInt.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cin;
 5 using std::cout;
 6 
 7 void output(const vectorInt &vi) {
 8     for(auto i = 0; i < vi.get_size(); ++i)
 9         cout << vi.at(i) << ", ";
10     cout << "\b\b \n";
11 }
12 
13 
14 void test1() {
15     int n;
16     cout << "Enter n: ";
17     cin >> n;
18 
19     vectorInt x1(n);
20     for(auto i = 0; i < n; ++i)
21         x1.at(i) = i*i;
22     cout << "x1: ";  output(x1);
23 
24     vectorInt x2(n, 42);
25     vectorInt x3(x2);
26     x2.at(0) = -999;
27     cout << "x2: ";  output(x2);
28     cout << "x3: ";  output(x3);
29 }
30 
31 void test2() {
32     const vectorInt  x(5, 42);
33     vectorInt y(10, 0);
34 
35     cout << "y: ";  output(y);
36     y.assign(x);
37     cout << "y: ";  output(y);
38     
39     cout << "x.at(0) = " << x.at(0) << endl;
40     cout << "y.at(0) = " << y.at(0) << endl;
41 }
42 
43 int main() {
44     cout << "测试1: \n";
45     test1();
46 
47     cout << "\n测试2: \n";
48     test2();
49 }
View Code

运行截图:

问题1:

深复制


问题2:

不能正常运行,返回值类型是常数且不可以被修改

会存在安全隐患,可以通过返回值修改数据,破坏函数的封装性和数据的完整性。

 

问题3:
 可以,但会存在额外的内存开销,因为存在复制。

 

实验任务4:

matrix.cpp代码:

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <cassert>
 5 
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 // 类Matrix的声明
10 class Matrix {
11 public:
12     Matrix(int n, int m);           // 构造函数,构造一个n*m的矩阵, 初始值为value
13     Matrix(int n);                  // 构造函数,构造一个n*n的矩阵, 初始值为value
14     Matrix(const Matrix &x);        // 复制构造函数, 使用已有的矩阵X构造
15     ~Matrix();
16 
17     void set(const double *pvalue);         // 用pvalue指向的连续内存块数据按行为矩阵赋值
18     void clear();                           // 把矩阵对象的值置0
19     
20     const double& at(int i, int j) const;   // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素const引用
21     double& at(int i, int j);               // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用
22     
23     int get_lines() const;                  // 返回矩阵对象行数
24     int get_cols() const;                   // 返回矩阵对象列数
25 
26     void display() const;                    // 按行显示矩阵对象元素值
27 
28 private:
29     int lines;      // 矩阵对象内元素行数
30     int cols;       // 矩阵对象内元素列数
31     double *ptr;
32 };
33  
34 // 类Matrix的实现:待补足
35 Matrix::Matrix(int n,int m):lines(n),cols(m),ptr(new double[n*m]()){}
36  
37  Matrix::Matrix(int n):lines(n),cols(n),ptr(new double[n*n]()){}
38  
39  Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix &x):lines(x.lines),cols(x.cols),ptr(new double[lines*cols]()){
40      for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;i++)
41      ptr[i]=x.ptr[i];
42  }
43  
44  Matrix::~Matrix(){
45      delete[] ptr;
46  }
47  
48  void Matrix::set(const double *pvalue){
49      for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;i++)
50      ptr[i]=pvalue[i];
51  }
52  
53  void Matrix::clear(){
54      for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;i++)
55      ptr[i]=0.0;
56  }
57  
58  const double& Matrix::at(int i,int j) const
59  {
60      assert(i>=0&&i<lines&&j>=0&&j<cols);
61      return ptr[i*cols+j];
62  }
63  
64  double &Matrix::at(int i,int j)
65  {
66      assert(i>=0&&i<lines&&j>=0&&j<cols);
67      return ptr[i*cols+j];
68  }
69  
70  int Matrix::get_lines() const{
71      return lines;
72  }
73  
74  int Matrix::get_cols() const{
75      return cols;
76  }
77  
78  void Matrix::display() const{
79       for(int i=0;i<lines;i++){
80          for(int j=0;j<cols;j++){
81             cout<<at(i,j)<<" ";
82         }
83         cout<<endl;
84     }
85  }
86 Matrix.hpp
View Code

tesk4代码:

 1 #include "matrix.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <cassert>
 4 
 5 using std::cin;
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 
10 const int N = 1000;
11 
12 // 输出矩阵对象索引为index所在行的所有元素
13 void output(const Matrix &m, int index) {
14     assert(index >= 0 && index < m.get_lines());
15 
16     for(auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j)
17         cout << m.at(index, j) << ", ";
18     cout << "\b\b \n";
19 }
20 
21 
22 void test1() {
23     double x[1000] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
24 
25     int n, m;
26     cout << "Enter n and m: ";
27     cin >> n >> m;
28 
29     Matrix m1(n, m);    // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小n×m
30     m1.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
31 
32     Matrix m2(m, n);    // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小m×n
33     m2.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
34 
35     Matrix m3(2);       // 创建一个2×2矩阵对象
36     m3.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m4赋值
37 
38     cout << "矩阵对象m1: \n";   m1.display();  cout << endl;
39     cout << "矩阵对象m2: \n";   m2.display();  cout << endl;
40     cout << "矩阵对象m3: \n";   m3.display();  cout << endl;
41 }
42 
43 void test2() {
44     Matrix m1(2, 3);
45     m1.clear();
46     
47     const Matrix m2(m1);
48     m1.at(0, 0) = -999;
49 
50     cout << "m1.at(0, 0) = " << m1.at(0, 0) << endl;
51     cout << "m2.at(0, 0) = " << m2.at(0, 0) << endl;
52     cout << "矩阵对象m1第0行: "; output(m1, 0);
53     cout << "矩阵对象m2第0行: "; output(m2, 0);
54 }
55 
56 int main() {
57     cout << "测试1: \n";
58     test1();
59 
60     cout << "测试2: \n";
61     test2();
62 }
View Code

运行截图:

 

实验任务5:

user.cpp代码:

 1 #include<bits/stdc++.h>
 2 using namespace std;
 3 class User{
 4     private:
 5         string name;
 6         string password;
 7         string email;
 8 
 9     public:
10         User(const string &name,const string &password="123456", const string &email=""):name(name),password(password),email(email){}
11     void set_email(){
12         string _email;
13         int tag=0;
14         cout<<"Enter email address: ";
15         while(tag==0){
16             cin>>_email;
17             int len=sizeof(_email);
18             for(int i=0;i<len;i++){
19                 if(_email[i]=='@')
20                   tag=1;
21             }
22             if(tag)
23                 cout<< "email is set successfully..."<<endl;
24             else
25                 cout<<"illegal email. Please re-enter email:";
26         }
27 
28     }
29 
30     void change_password(){
31         int attempt=3;
32         string old_password , new_password;
33         cout<<"Enter old password: ";
34         while(attempt>0){
35             attempt--;
36             cin>>old_password;
37             if(old_password==password){
38                 cout<<"Enter new password: ";
39                 cin>>new_password;
40                 password=new_password;
41                 cout<<"new password is set successfully..."<<endl;
42                 return ;
43             }
44             else{
45                 cout<<"password input error. Please re-enter again: ";
46             }
47         }
48         cout<<"password input error. Please try after a while. "<<endl;
49     }
50 
51     void display() const {
52         cout<<"name:   "<<name<<endl;
53         cout<<"pass:   ";
54         int length=sizeof(password);
55         for(int i=1;i<=length;i++)
56           cout<<"*";
57         cout<<endl;
58         cout<<"email:   "<<email<<endl;
59     }
60 };
View Code

tesk5:

 1 #include "user.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <vector>
 4 #include <string>
 5 
 6 using std::cin;
 7 using std::cout;
 8 using std::endl;
 9 using std::vector;
10 using std::string;
11 
12 void test() {
13     vector<User> user_lst;
14 
15     User u1("Alice", "2024113", "Alice@hotmail.com");
16     user_lst.push_back(u1);
17     cout << endl;
18 
19     User u2("Bob");
20     u2.set_email();
21     u2.change_password();
22     user_lst.push_back(u2);
23     cout << endl;
24 
25     User u3("Hellen");
26     u3.set_email();
27     u3.change_password();
28     user_lst.push_back(u3);
29     cout << endl;
30 
31     cout << "There are " << user_lst.size() << " users. they are: " << endl;
32     for(auto &i: user_lst) {
33         i.display();
34         cout << endl;
35     }
36 }
37 
38 int main() {
39     test();
40 }
View Code

运行结果截图:

 

实验任务6:

 data.h代码:

 1 #pragma once
 2  class Date{        
 3  private:
 4     int year;        
 5     int month;        
 6     int day;    
 7     int totalDays;
 8   public:    
 9       Date(int year, int month, int day) ;
10      int getYear() const {return year;}
11      int getMonth() const {return month;}
12      int getDay() const {return day;}
13      int getMaxDay() const;     
14      bool isLeapYear() const {
15          return year%4==0 &&year%100 !=0 || year%400==0;
16      }
17  void show() const;
18  int distance(const Date& date) const {
19  return totalDays-date.totalDays;
20  }
21  }; 
22 date.h
View Code

 

data.cpp代码:

#include "date.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
namespace {
    const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
}
Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {
    if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
        cout << "Invalid date:";
        show();
        cout << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    int years = year - 1;
    totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
    if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) 
    totalDays++;
}
int Date::getMaxDay()const {
    if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
        return 29;
    else
        return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
}
void Date::show() const {
    cout << getYear() << " - " << getMonth() << " - " << getDay();
}
View Code

accout.h代码:

 1 #ifndef __ACCOUNT_H__
 2 #define __ACCOUNT_H__
 3 #include "date.h"
 4 #include <string>
 5 class SavingsAccount {
 6 
 7     private:
 8         std::string id;
 9         double balance,rate,accumulation;
10         Date lastDate;
11         static double total;
12 
13         void record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
14 
15         void error(const std::string& msg) const;
16 
17         double accumulate(const Date& date) const {
18             return accumulation + balance * date.distance(lastDate);
19         }
20     public:
21         SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double rate);
22         const std::string& getId() const {
23             return id;
24         }
25         double getBalance() const {
26             return balance;
27         }
28         double getRate() const {
29             return rate;
30         }
31         static double getTotal() {
32             return total;
33         }
34 
35         void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
36 
37         void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
38 
39         void settle(const Date& date);
40 
41         void show() const;
42 };
43 #endif
View Code

accout.cpp代码:

 1 #include "account.h"
 2 #include <cmath>
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
 6 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate) :id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) {
 7     date.show();
 8     cout << "\t#" << id << "created" << endl;
 9 }
10 void SavingsAccount::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
11     accumulation = accumulate(date);
12     lastDate = date;
13     amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
14     balance += amount;
15     total += amount;
16     date.show();
17     cout << "t\#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
18 }
19 void SavingsAccount::error(const string& msg) const {
20     cout << "Error(# " << id << " ): " << msg << endl;
21 }
22 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date & date, double amount, const string & desc) {
23     record(date, amount, desc);
24 }
25 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date & date, double amount, const string& desc) {
26     if (amount > getBalance())
27         error("not enough money");
28     else
29         record(date, -amount, desc);
30 }
31 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
32     double interest = accumulate(date) * rate//计算年息
33                       / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
34     if (interest != 0)
35         record(date, interest, "interest");
36     accumulation = 0;
37 }
38 void SavingsAccount::show() const {
39     cout << "ID: "<< id << "\tBalance:" << balance;
40 }
View Code

6_25.cpp代码:

 1 #include "account.h"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 int main() {
 5 
 6     Date date(2008, 11, 1);
 7     SavingsAccount accounts[] = {
 8         SavingsAccount(date,"03755217",0.015),
 9         SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015)
10     };
11     const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(SavingsAccount); 
12 
13     accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
14     accounts[1].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
15 
16     accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
17     accounts[1].withdraw(Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");
18 
19     cout << endl;
20     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
21         accounts[i].settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
22         accounts[i].show();
23         cout << endl;
24     }
25     cout << "Total: " << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
26     return 0;
27 }
View Code

运行截图:

总结:

std::string:用于表示和操作字符串。

std::vector:是一个动态数组,可以存储任意类型的对象,高效的随机访问和动态大小调整功能。

使用std::string来处理用户输入和输出,使用std::vector来存储和处理一组数据。

浅复制:只复制对象的引用或指针,而不复制对象本身,新对象和原对象共享相同的底层数据。如果底层数据被修改,那么两个对象都会受到影响。

深复制:不仅复制对象的引用或指针,还递归地复制对象所引用的所有数据,新对象和原对象拥有完全独立的底层数据。

 

posted on 2024-11-10 18:55  rrrrrrrr00000  阅读(13)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报