TypeScript入门3：接口、多态、TS接口特殊用法

//接口： 通常情况下，接⼝中只会包含属性和⽅法的声明，⽽不包含具体的实现细节，具体的细节由其实现类完成
interface Person9 {
  id: number;
  name: string;
  age: number;
  introduce(): void;
}

//实现类中，需要包含接⼝属性的赋值逻辑，以及接⼝⽅法的实现逻辑
class Student9 implements Person9 {
  id: number;
  name: string;
  age: number;

  constructor(id: number, name: string, age: number) {
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
  }

  introduce(): void {
    console.log('Hello,I am a student');
  }
}

class Teacher9 implements Person9 {
  id: number;
  name: string;
  age: number;

  constructor(id: number, name: string, age: number) {
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
  }

  introduce(): void {
    console.log('Hello,I am a teacher');
  }
}

//多态：可以使同⼀类型的对象具有不同的⾏为
let p_1: Person9 = new Student9(1, 'zhangsan', 17);
let p_2: Person9 = new Teacher9(2, 'lisi', 35);
p_1.introduce(); //Hello,I am a student
p_2.introduce(); //Hello,I am a teacher
// 同样是 Person 类型的两个对象，调⽤同⼀个 introduce() ⽅法时，表现出了不同的⾏为，这就是多态



//TS中的接⼝的特殊性：TS中的接⼝是⼀个⾮常灵活的概念，除了⽤作类的规范之外，也常⽤于直接描述对象的类型
let P_345: {name:string, age:number, gender:string} = {
  name:'张三', 
  age:10, 
  gender:'男'
};
console.log(P_345);

interface Person88 {
  name: string;
  age: number;
  gender: string;
}
let P_678: Person88 = {
  name:'张三',
  age:10,
  gender:'男'
};
console.log(P_678);