python测试开发django-10.django连接mysql

前言

Django 对各种数据库提供了很好的支持，包括：PostgreSQL、MySQL、SQLite、Oracle。本篇以mysql为例简单介绍django连接mysql进行数据操作
Django连mysql需要安装驱动mysqlclient

mysqlclient安装

先要安装数据库驱动mysqlclient，使用pip安装就行

pip install mysqlclient

   copying MySQLdb\constants\FLAG.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\MySQLdb\constants
    copying MySQLdb\constants\REFRESH.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\MySQLdb\constants
    running build_ext
    building '_mysql' extension
    error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools": http://landinghub.visualstudio.com/visual-cpp-build-tools

    ----------------------------------------
Command "e:\python36\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\dell\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-trc0p4gc\\mysqlclient\\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:\Users\dell\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-ulwogpct\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\dell\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-trc0p4gc\mysqlclient\

这里我安装的时候出现了报错：“Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools": http://landinghub.visualstudio.com/visual-cpp-build-tools” 打开报错给的地址404

解决办法，指定1.3.10版本安装

pip install mysqlclient==1.3.10

C:\Users\dell>pip install mysqlclient==1.3.10
Collecting mysqlclient==1.3.10
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c8/e0/e38c1fc71355bbc60e89401674bc0190f39a207f0235bb92b7e7b09948d0/mysqlclient-1.3.10-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl (1.4MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 466kB/s
Installing collected packages: mysqlclient
Successfully installed mysqlclient-1.3.10

django配置数据库

settings.py 文件中找到 DATABASES 配置项, django默认连接sqllite。ENGINE：是指连接数据库驱动的名称,有以下几种情况：

• django.db.backends.postgresql 连接 PostgreSQL
• django.db.backends.mysql 连接 mysql
• django.db.backends.sqlite3 连接 sqlite
• django.db.backends.oracle 连接 oracle

这里我们连接mysql需要账户密码，也就是之前安装mysql的root用户名，和自己设置的密码，NAME是数据库的名称，连接配置如下：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',  # 或者使用 mysql.connector.django
        'NAME': 'test',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'yoyo',
        'HOST':'localhost',
        'PORT':'3306',
    }
}

创建表，同步到mysql

类名代表了数据库表名，且继承了models.Model，类里面的字段代表数据表中的字段(name)，数据类型则由CharField（相当于varchar）、DateField（相当于datetime）， max_length 参数限定长度。

# models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Test(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)

先创建表结构，在数据库里面新增一些表

python manage.py migrate

D:\web_djo\helloworld>python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, hello, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
  Applying hello.0001_initial... OK
  Applying hello.0002_auto_20181122_1025... OK
  Applying hello.0003_auto_20181122_1033... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

打开数据库，会发现多了一些表名称，hello_test就是上一步新建的表

接着让 Django 知道我们在我们的模型有一些变更

python manage.py makemigrations hello

D:\web_djo\helloworld>python manage.py makemigrations hello
No changes detected in app 'hello'

再创建hello这个app应用的表结构

python manage.py migrate hello

D:\web_djo\helloworld>python manage.py migrate hello
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: hello
Running migrations:
  No migrations to apply.

操作数据库

在settings.py同一目录新建一个testdb.py文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from django.http import HttpResponse

from hello.models import Test

# 数据库操作
def testdb(request):
    test1 = Test(name='yoyo1')
    test1.save()
    return HttpResponse("数据库hello_test添加name成功！看去看看吧")

urls.py配置访问地址

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.urls import re_path, path
from . import view, testdb

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^testdb$', testdb.testdb),
]

浏览器打开：http://127.0.0.1:8000/testdb 访问一次，数据库里面就会新增一条数据

查看数据库hello_test会新增数据

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