MySQL【八】多表查询
MySQL多表查询
连表查询
上面两张表通过笛卡尔积得到一个全量拼接的大表;
笛卡尔积:
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select * from employee,department; |
内连接(inner join)
双方能够互相匹配的项才会被显示出来;
select * from 表1 inner join 表2 on 条件 例如: select * from employee inner join department on employee.dep_id = department.id;
表的重命名:
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select t1.name,t2.name from employee as t1 inner join department as t2 on t1.dep_id = t2. id ; |
外连接
左外连接
左外连接(left join) 只完整的显示左表中的所有内容,以及右表中与左表匹配的项;
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select * from 表 1 left join 表 2 on 条件 例如: select * from employee left join department on employee.dep_id = department. id ; |
右外连接
右外连接(right join) 只完整的显示右表中的所有内容,以及左表中与右表匹配的项;
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select * from 表 1 right join 表 2 on 条件 例如: select * from employee right join department on employee.dep_id = department. id |
全外连接
全外连接 永远显示左表和右表中所有的项,关键字(union)
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例如: select * from employee left join department on employee.dep_id = department. id union select * from employee right join department on employee.dep_id = department. id |
子查询
#1:子查询是将一个查询语句嵌套在另一个查询语句中。 #2:内层查询语句的查询结果,可以为外层查询语句提供查询条件。 #3:子查询中可以包含:IN、NOT IN、ANY、ALL、EXISTS 和 NOT EXISTS等关键字 #4:还可以包含比较运算符:= 、 !=、> 、<等
# 查"技术"部的所有员工的名字 # select name from employee where dep_id = (select id from department where name = '技术'); # 查"技术"和"销售"部的所有员工的名字 # select name from employee where dep_id in (select id from department where name in ('技术','销售'));
练习:
1.找出年龄大于25岁的员工以及员工所在的部门 select e.name,d.name from employee e inner join department d on e.dep_id = d.id where e.age>25 2.以内连接的方式查询employee和department表,并且以age字段的升序方式显示 select * from employee e inner join department d on e.dep_id = d.id order by e.age
1. 查询平均年龄在25岁以上的部门名 select dep_id from employee group by dep_id having avg(age)>25 select name from department where id in (select dep_id from employee group by dep_id having avg(age)>25); 2.查看技术部员工姓名 select name from employee where dep_id = (select id from department where name = '技术'); 3.查看不足1人的部门名(子查询得到的是有人的部门id) 在员工表中不存在的一个部门id,在department表里 在department表里的id字段中找到一个在员工表的dep_id中不存在的项 select name from department where id not in (select dep_id from employee group by dep_id); 把员工表里所有的人所在的dep_id都查出来 子查询
1.查询大于所有人平均年龄的员工名与年龄 select avg(age) from employee; select name,age from employee where age > (select avg(age) from employee); 2.查询大于部门内平均年龄的员工名、年龄 select dep_id,avg(age) from employee group by dep_id; select * from employee inner join (select dep_id,avg(age) as avg_age from employee group by dep_id) as t2 on employee.dep_id = t2.dep_id where employee.age > t2.avg_age; 带比较的子查询