又写了一个大一新生的期末作业（机房收费管理系统）

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
 
// 定义学生结构体
struct Student {
    char id[20];        // 学号
    char className[20]; // 班级
    char name[20];      // 姓名
    int startHour;      // 上机开始时间(小时)
    int startMinute;    // 上机开始时间(分钟)
    int endHour;        // 下机时间(小时)
    int endMinute;      // 下机时间(分钟)
    int isOnline;       // 是否在线
    double cost;        // 费用
};
 
// 全局变量
struct Student students[30];
int studentCount = 0;
const int MAX_STUDENTS = 30;
 
// 函数声明
void inputStudent();
void calculateCost(int index);
void searchStudent();
void displayComputerStatus();
double calculateTimeDifference(int startH, int startM, int endH, int endM);
void showMenu();
void saveToFile();
void loadFromFile();
void saveStudentInfo(const char* filename);
void loadStudentInfo(const char* filename);
void saveComputerLog(const char* filename);
void loadComputerLog(const char* filename);
void initializeDefaultStudents();
 
// 定义文件名常量
#define STUDENT_FILE "student_info.txt"
#define COMPUTER_LOG "computer_log.txt"
 
int main() {
    loadFromFile(); // 程序启动时加载数据
     
    int choice;
    while (1) {
        showMenu();
        printf("请输入您的选择: ");
        scanf("%d", &choice);
         
        switch (choice) {
            case 1:
                inputStudent();
                saveToFile(); // 添加学生后保存
                break;
            case 2: {
                int index;
                printf("请输入要结算的学生序号(0-%d): ", studentCount-1);
                scanf("%d", &index);
                calculateCost(index);
                saveToFile(); // 计算费用后保存
                break;
            }
            case 3:
                searchStudent();
                break;
            case 4:
                displayComputerStatus();
                break;
            case 0:
                saveToFile(); // 退出前保存
                printf("程序已退出！\n");
                return 0;
            default:
                printf("无效选择，请重试！\n");
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
 
void showMenu() {
    printf("\n====== 机房收费管理系统 ======\n");
    printf("1. 输入学生信息\n");
    printf("2. 计算上机费用\n");
    printf("3. 查询学生信息\n");
    printf("4. 显示机器使用情况\n");
    printf("0. 退出系统\n");
    printf("===========================\n");
}
 
void inputStudent() {
    if (studentCount >= MAX_STUDENTS) {
        printf("已达到最大学生数量！\n");
        return;
    }
 
    printf("请输入学生信息：\n");
    printf("学号: ");
    scanf("%s", students[studentCount].id);
    printf("班级: ");
    scanf("%s", students[studentCount].className);
    printf("姓名: ");
    scanf("%s", students[studentCount].name);
    printf("上机时间(时 分): ");
    scanf("%d %d", &students[studentCount].startHour, 
                   &students[studentCount].startMinute);
     
    students[studentCount].isOnline = 1;
    students[studentCount].cost = 0;
    studentCount++;
    printf("学生信息录入成功！\n");
}
 
void calculateCost(int index) {
    if (index < 0 || index >= studentCount) {
        printf("无效的学生序号！\n");
        return;
    }
 
    if (!students[index].isOnline) {
        printf("该学生已经下机！\n");
        return;
    }
 
    printf("请输入下机时间(时 分): ");
    scanf("%d %d", &students[index].endHour, &students[index].endMinute);
 
    double hours = calculateTimeDifference(
        students[index].startHour,
        students[index].startMinute,
        students[index].endHour,
        students[index].endMinute
    );
 
    students[index].cost = ceil(hours) * 1.0;
    students[index].isOnline = 0;
 
    printf("费用计算完成！\n");
    printf("学生: %s\n", students[index].name);
    printf("上机时间: %.2f小时\n", hours);
    printf("费用: %.2f元\n", students[index].cost);
}
 
double calculateTimeDifference(int startH, int startM, int endH, int endM) {
    int totalMinutes = (endH * 60 + endM) - (startH * 60 + startM);
    return totalMinutes / 60.0;
}
 
void searchStudent() {
    printf("\n查询方式：\n");
    printf("1. 按班级查询\n");
    printf("2. 按学号查询\n");
    printf("3. 按姓名查询\n");
     
    int choice;
    char searchTerm[20];
    printf("请选择查询方式: ");
    scanf("%d", &choice);
    printf("请输入查询关键字: ");
    scanf("%s", searchTerm);
 
    printf("\n查询结果：\n");
    printf("%-10s%-10s%-10s%-15s%-15s\n", 
           "学号", "班级", "姓名", "状态", "上机时间");
 
    for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) {
        int match = 0;
        switch (choice) {
            case 1:
                match = (strcmp(students[i].className, searchTerm) == 0);
                break;
            case 2:
                match = (strcmp(students[i].id, searchTerm) == 0);
                break;
            case 3:
                match = (strcmp(students[i].name, searchTerm) == 0);
                break;
        }
 
        if (match) {
            printf("%-10s%-10s%-10s%-15s%02d:%02d\n",
                   students[i].id,
                   students[i].className,
                   students[i].name,
                   students[i].isOnline ? "在线" : "已下机",
                   students[i].startHour,
                   students[i].startMinute);
        }
    }
}
 
void displayComputerStatus() {
    int online = 0;
    int offline = 0;
 
    for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) {
        if (students[i].isOnline) {
            online++;
        } else {
            offline++;
        }
    }
 
    printf("\n机器使用情况统计：\n");
    printf("总学生数：%d\n", studentCount);
    printf("当前在线：%d\n", online);
    printf("已经下机：%d\n", offline);
     
    printf("\n使用情况图示：\n");
    printf("在线学生: ");
    for (int i = 0; i < online; i++) {
        printf("█");
    }
    printf(" (%d)\n", online);
     
    printf("离线学生: ");
    for (int i = 0; i < offline; i++) {
        printf("█");
    }
    printf(" (%d)\n", offline);
}
 
// 添加保存到文件的函数
void saveToFile() {
    // 保存学生基本信息
    saveStudentInfo(STUDENT_FILE);
    // 保存上机记录
    saveComputerLog(COMPUTER_LOG);
}
 
// 添加从文件加载的函数
void loadFromFile() {
    FILE *fp = fopen(STUDENT_FILE, "r");
    if (fp == NULL) {
        printf("首次运行，初始化30名学生信息...\n");
        initializeDefaultStudents();
        saveToFile(); // 保存初始化的数据
        return;
    }
    fclose(fp);
     
    // 加载学生基本信息
    loadStudentInfo(STUDENT_FILE);
    // 加载上机记录
    loadComputerLog(COMPUTER_LOG);
}
 
// 保存学生基本信息（文本格式）
void saveStudentInfo(const char* filename) {
    FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "w");
    if (fp == NULL) {
        printf("无法打开文件 %s！\n", filename);
        return;
    }
     
    fprintf(fp, "学生总数: %d\n", studentCount);
    fprintf(fp, "学号\t班级\t姓名\t状态\t费用\n");
     
    for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) {
        fprintf(fp, "%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%.2f\n",
                students[i].id,
                students[i].className,
                students[i].name,
                students[i].isOnline ? "在线" : "离线",
                students[i].cost);
    }
     
    fclose(fp);
    printf("学生基本信息已保存到 %s\n", filename);
}
 
// 加载学生基本信息（文本格式）
void loadStudentInfo(const char* filename) {
    FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");
    if (fp == NULL) {
        printf("未找到文件 %s，将创建新文件。\n", filename);
        return;
    }
     
    char line[256];
    // 跳过前两行（标题行）
    fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp);
    fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp);
     
    studentCount = 0;
    while (fscanf(fp, "%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%lf\n",
                  students[studentCount].id,
                  students[studentCount].className,
                  students[studentCount].name,
                  line, // 临时存储状态
                  &students[studentCount].cost) == 5) {
         
        students[studentCount].isOnline = (strcmp(line, "在线") == 0);
        studentCount++;
         
        if (studentCount >= MAX_STUDENTS) break;
    }
     
    fclose(fp);
    printf("已从 %s 加载 %d 条学生记录\n", filename, studentCount);
}
 
// 保存上机记录（文本格式）
void saveComputerLog(const char* filename) {
    FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "w");
    if (fp == NULL) {
        printf("无法打开文件 %s！\n", filename);
        return;
    }
     
    fprintf(fp, "上机记录\n");
    fprintf(fp, "学号\t开始时间\t结束时间\t费用\n");
     
    for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) {
        fprintf(fp, "%s\t%02d:%02d\t", 
                students[i].id,
                students[i].startHour,
                students[i].startMinute);
         
        if (!students[i].isOnline) {
            fprintf(fp, "%02d:%02d\t%.2f\n",
                    students[i].endHour,
                    students[i].endMinute,
                    students[i].cost);
        } else {
            fprintf(fp, "在线中\t0.00\n");
        }
    }
     
    fclose(fp);
    printf("上机记录已保存到 %s\n", filename);
}
 
// 加载上机记录（文本格式）
void loadComputerLog(const char* filename) {
    FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");
    if (fp == NULL) {
        printf("未找到文件 %s，将创建新文件。\n", filename);
        return;
    }
     
    char line[256];
    // 跳过前两行（标题行）
    fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp);
    fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp);
     
    for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) {
        char status[20];
        fscanf(fp, "%*s\t%d:%d\t%s",
               &students[i].startHour,
               &students[i].startMinute,
               status);
         
        if (strcmp(status, "在线中") == 0) {
            students[i].isOnline = 1;
            fscanf(fp, "%*f\n");
        } else {
            students[i].isOnline = 0;
            fscanf(fp, "%d:%d\t%lf\n",
                   &students[i].endHour,
                   &students[i].endMinute,
                   &students[i].cost);
        }
    }
     
    fclose(fp);
    printf("已从 %s 加载上机记录\n", filename);
}
 
// 添加初始化学生信息的函数
void initializeDefaultStudents() {
    // 预设的班级列表
    const char* classes[] = {"计算机1班", "计算机2班", "软件1班", "软件2班", "网络1班"};
    studentCount = 30;  // 设置为30名学生
     
    for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) {
        // 生成学号 (例如: 2024001, 2024002, ...)
        sprintf(students[i].id, "2024%03d", i + 1);
         
        // 分配班级 (循环使用预设的班级)
        strcpy(students[i].className, classes[i % 5]);
         
        // 生成姓名 (例如: 学生1, 学生2, ...)
        sprintf(students[i].name, "学生%d", i + 1);
         
        // 设置上机时间 (8:00 到 17:00 之间随机分配)
        students[i].startHour = 8 + (i % 10);  // 8:00 到 17:00
        students[i].startMinute = (i * 2) % 60; // 0到58的偶数分钟
         
        // 初始状态都设为在线
        students[i].isOnline = 1;
        students[i].cost = 0.0;
    }
     
    printf("已初始化30名学生信息。\n");
     
    // 显示初始化的学生信息
    printf("\n初始化的学生信息如下：\n");
    printf("%-10s%-15s%-10s%-15s\n", "学号", "班级", "姓名", "上机时间");
    printf("----------------------------------------\n");
     
    for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) {
        printf("%-10s%-15s%-10s%02d:%02d\n",
               students[i].id,
               students[i].className,
               students[i].name,
               students[i].startHour,
               students[i].startMinute);
    }
    printf("----------------------------------------\n");
} 