运用OpenCV进行简单图像处理工作（VS 2015版）

代码内容包括几何投影、游程编码、形态算子、边缘检测和Canny边缘检测。（注：处理后的图像保存在设置的目录下，部分代码不对图像进行显示。）

Image projection部分：

#include"stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"
using namespace std;

using namespace cv;

//建立三个函数分别来处理三个投影
void HProjection(Mat mat)
{
	Mat hmat;
	hmat.create(mat.rows, mat.cols, CV_32F);//存储方式不同

	IplImage pmat(mat), phmat(hmat);
	//初始化图像的像素值为255
	for (int i = 0; i<phmat.height; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j<phmat.width; j++)
		{
			cvSetReal2D(&phmat, i, j, 255);
		}
	}

	for (int i = 0; i<pmat.height; i++)
	{
		int n = phmat.width - 1;
		for (int j = 0; j<pmat.width; j++)
		{
			if (cvGetReal2D(&pmat, i, j) == 0)
			{
				cvSetReal2D(&phmat, i, n--, 0);
			}
		}
	}
	/*Mat rmat(&phmat);
	imshow("HPrjection", rmat);
	cvWaitKey();*/
	//cvSaveImage("D:\\Documents\\Visual Studio 2010\\Projects\\Image projection\\hm.jpg", &phmat);
	imwrite("E:\\ckechengxiangmu\\hm1.jpg", hmat);
}
void VProjection(Mat mat)
{
	Mat hmat;
	hmat.create(mat.rows, mat.cols, CV_32F);//存储方式不同
	IplImage pmat(mat), phmat(hmat);
	//初始化图像的像素值为255
	for (int i = 0; i<phmat.height; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j<phmat.width; j++)
		{
			cvSetReal2D(&phmat, i, j, 255);
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i<pmat.width; i++)
	{
		int n = phmat.height - 1;
		for (int j = 0; j<pmat.height; j++)
		{
			if (cvGetReal2D(&pmat, j, i) == 0)
			{
				cvSetReal2D(&phmat, n--, i, 0);
			}
		}
	}
	//Mat rmat(&phmat);
	//imshow("VPrjection", rmat);
	//cvWaitKey();
	//cvSaveImage("D:\\Documents\\Visual Studio 2010\\Projects\\Image projection\\vm.jpg", &phmat);
	imwrite("E:\\ckechengxiangmu\\vm1.jpg", hmat);
}
void XProjection(Mat mat)
{
	//45度投影比较复杂，代码如下，统计正方形
	Mat hmat;
	hmat.create(mat.rows, mat.cols, CV_32F);//存储方式不同
	IplImage pmat(mat), phmat(hmat);
	for (int i = 0; i<phmat.height; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j<phmat.width; j++)
		{
			cvSetReal2D(&phmat, i, j, 255);
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i<1; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j<pmat.width; j++)
		{
			int n = phmat.height - 1;
			for (int k = 0; k <= j; k++)
			{
				if (cvGetReal2D(&pmat, i + k, j - k) == 0)
				{
					cvSetReal2D(&phmat, n--, j, 0);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	for (int i = pmat.height - 1; i>pmat.height - 2; i--)
	{
		for (int j = pmat.width - 1; j>0; j--)
		{
			int n = phmat.height - 1;
			for (int k = 0; k <= pmat.width - 1 - j; k++)
			{
				if (cvGetReal2D(&pmat, i - k, j + k) == 0)
				{
					cvSetReal2D(&phmat, n--, j  - 1, 0);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	//Mat rmat(&phmat);
	//imshow("XPrjection", rmat);
	//cvWaitKey();
	//cvSaveImage("D:\\Documents\\Visual Studio 2010\\Projects\\Image projection\\xm.jpg", &phmat);
	imwrite("E:\\ckechengxiangmu\\xm1.jpg", hmat);
}
int main()
{
	string strpath = "E:\\ckechengxiangmu\\m.jpg";
	Mat srcmat = imread(strpath, 0);
	//Mat srcmat(cvLoadImage(strpath.c_str(), 0));
	Mat ermat;
	threshold(srcmat, ermat, 147, 255, CV_THRESH_BINARY);
	HProjection(ermat);
	VProjection(ermat);
	XProjection(ermat);
	return 0;
}

RLC部分：

#include"stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>

#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"

using namespace std;

using namespace cv;
#include <fstream>

int main()
{
	//要查找对应的头文件
	//64位计算机操作会有差别，本机是64位，可以参考。
	string strpath = "E:\\ckechengxiangmu\\m.jpg";
	Mat srcmat = imread(strpath, 0);
	Mat ermat;
	threshold(srcmat, ermat, 147, 255, CV_THRESH_BINARY);
	ofstream out;
	out.open("E:\\ckechengxiangmu\\m.txt", ios::app);
	//在这里最好转成iplimage
	IplImage perimage(ermat);
	for (int i = 0; i<perimage.height; i++)
	{
		int count = 1;//作为计数器
		out << cvGetReal2D(&perimage, i, 0);//将二值化图像的每一行的第一个值打印出来
		for (int j = 0; j<perimage.width - 1; j++)//防止越界
		{
			if (cvGetReal2D(&perimage, i, j) == cvGetReal2D(&perimage, i, j + 1))
			{
				count++;
			}
			else
			{
				out << count;
				count = 1;
			}
		}
		out << endl;
	}
	out.close();
	return 0;
}

EDGETETECTION部分(需要另外添加头文件内容)：

//edge.h部分
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"
using namespace  cv;
class Edgedetection
{
public:
	Edgedetection();
public:
	~Edgedetection();
public:
	Mat Roberts(Mat mat);
	Mat Prewitt(Mat mat);
};


//Edgetetecttion部分
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace  cv;
#include "edge.h"
Edgedetection::Edgedetection()
{

}
Edgedetection::~Edgedetection()
{

}
Mat Edgedetection::Roberts(Mat mat)
{
	IplImage src(mat), *dst;
	dst = cvCloneImage(&src);
	int x, y, i, w, h;
	int temp, temp1;

	uchar* ptr = (uchar*)(dst->imageData);
	int ptr1[4] = { 0 };
	int indexx[4] = { 0,1,1,0 };
	int indexy[4] = { 0,0,1,1 };
	w = dst->width;
	h = dst->height;
	for (y = 0; y < h - 1; y++)
		for (x = 0; x < w - 1; x++)
		{

			for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
			{
				ptr1[i] = *(ptr + (y + indexy[i])*dst->widthStep + x + indexx[i]);

			}
			temp = abs(ptr1[0] - ptr1[2]);
			temp1 = abs(ptr1[1] - ptr1[3]);
			temp = (temp > temp1 ? temp : temp1);
			temp = (int)sqrt(float(temp*temp) + float(temp1*temp1));

			*(ptr + y*dst->widthStep + x) = temp;
		}

	double min_val = 0, max_val = 0;
	cvMinMaxLoc(dst, &min_val, &max_val);
	int tmp_heigth = dst->height, tmp_width = dst->width;
	Mat tmp_mat(CvSize(tmp_width, tmp_heigth), CV_8UC3);
	for (int i = 0; i<tmp_heigth; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j<tmp_width; j++)
		{

			tmp_mat.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[0] = *((uchar*)(dst->imageData + i*dst->widthStep + (j*dst->nChannels + 0)));
			tmp_mat.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[1] = *((uchar*)(dst->imageData + i*dst->widthStep + (j*dst->nChannels + 1)));
			tmp_mat.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[2] = *((uchar*)(dst->imageData + i*dst->widthStep + (j*dst->nChannels + 2)));
		}
	}
	//Mat rmat(dst);
	Mat rmat = tmp_mat.clone();
	return rmat;
};
Mat Edgedetection::Prewitt(Mat mat)
{
	IplImage src(mat), *dst;
	dst = cvCloneImage(&src);
	float prewittx[9] =
	{
		-1,0,1,
		-1,0,1,
		-1,0,1
	};
	float prewitty[9] =
	{
		1,1,1,
		0,0,0,
		-1,-1,-1
	};
	CvMat px;
	px = cvMat(3, 3, CV_32F, prewittx);
	CvMat py;
	py = cvMat(3, 3, CV_32F, prewitty);
	IplImage *dstx = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(&src), 8, 1);
	IplImage *dsty = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(&src), 8, 1);
	cvFilter2D(&src, dstx, &px, cvPoint(0,0));
	cvFilter2D(&src, dsty, &py, cvPoint(0, 0));
	int i, j, temp;
	float tempx, tempy;
	uchar* ptrx = (uchar*)dstx->imageData;
	uchar* ptry = (uchar*)dsty->imageData;
	for (i = 0; i < src.width; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < src.height; j++)
		{
			tempx = ptrx[i + j*dstx->width];
			tempy = ptry[i + j*dsty->width];
			temp = (int)sqrt(tempx*tempx + tempy*tempy);
			dst->imageData[i + j*dstx->width] = temp;
		}
	}

	int tmp_heigth = dst->height, tmp_width = dst->width;
	Mat tmp_mat(CvSize(tmp_width, tmp_heigth), CV_8UC3);
	for (int i = 0; i < tmp_heigth; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < tmp_width; j++)
		{

			tmp_mat.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[0] = *((uchar*)(dst->imageData + i*dst->widthStep + (j*dst->nChannels + 0)));
			tmp_mat.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[1] = *((uchar*)(dst->imageData + i*dst->widthStep + (j*dst->nChannels + 1)));
			tmp_mat.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[2] = *((uchar*)(dst->imageData + i*dst->widthStep + (j*dst->nChannels + 2)));
		}
	}
	//Mat rmat(dst);
	Mat rmat = tmp_mat.clone();

	//Mat rmat(dst);
	return rmat;
}

Edgetetiction部分

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace  cv;
#include "edge.h"
int main()
{
	//Roberts边缘检测
	String strpath = "E:\\ckechengxiangmu\\aa.jpg";
	Mat srcmat = imread(strpath, 0);
	Edgedetection e;
	Mat Robertsmat = e.Roberts(srcmat);
	imshow("Robert", Robertsmat);
	cvWaitKey();
	IplImage Robertimage(Robertsmat);
	cvSaveImage("E:\\ckechengxiangmu\\Robertimage.jpg", &Robertimage);
	//Sobel边缘检测
	Mat Sobelmat;
	Sobel(srcmat, Sobelmat, srcmat.depth(), 1, 1);
	imshow("Sobel", Sobelmat);
	cvWaitKey();
	IplImage Sobelimage(Sobelmat);
	cvSaveImage("E:\\ckechengxiangmu\\Sobelimage.jpg", &Sobelimage);
	//Prewitt边缘检测
	Mat Prewittmat = e.Prewitt(srcmat);
	imshow("Prewitt", Prewittmat);
	cvWaitKey();
	IplImage Prewittimage(Prewittmat);
	cvSaveImage("E:\\ckechengxiangmu\\Prewittimage.jpg", &Prewittimage);

	//Laplacian边缘不检测
	Mat Laplacianmat;
	Laplacian(srcmat, Laplacianmat, srcmat.depth());
	IplImage Laplacianimage(Laplacianmat);
	imshow("Laplacian", Laplacianmat);
	cvWaitKey();
	cvSaveImage("E:\\ckechengxiangmu\\Laplacianimage.jpg", &Laplacianimage);

	//LOG：高斯滤波+Laplacian边缘检测
	Mat guassmat;
	GaussianBlur(srcmat, guassmat, Size(3, 3), 1);
	Mat Logmat;
	Laplacian(guassmat, Logmat, guassmat.depth());
	imshow("LOG", Logmat);
	cvWaitKey();
	IplImage Logimage(Logmat);
	cvSaveImage("E:\\ckechengxiangmu\\Laplacianimage00.jpg", &Logimage);
	return 0;
}

MorphologyOperator部分：

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
	string strpath = "E:\\ckechengxiangmu\\123.jpg";
	Mat srcmat(imread(strpath, 0)), erodemat, dilatemat, openmat, closemat;
	Mat element = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(15, 15));
	//首先写腐蚀操作
	morphologyEx(srcmat, erodemat, CV_MOP_ERODE, element);
	imshow("erode", erodemat);
	cvWaitKey();
	IplImage erodeimage(erodemat);
	cvSaveImage("E:\\ckechengxiangmu\\erodeimage.jpg", &erodeimage);
	//膨胀操作
	morphologyEx(srcmat, dilatemat, CV_MOP_DILATE, element);
	imshow("dilate", dilatemat);
	cvWaitKey();
	IplImage dilateimage(dilatemat);
	cvSaveImage("E:\\ckechengxiangmu\\dilateimage.jpg", &dilateimage);
	//开运算
	morphologyEx(srcmat, openmat, CV_MOP_OPEN, element);
	imshow("open", openmat);
	cvWaitKey();
	IplImage openimage(openmat);
	cvSaveImage("E:\\ckechengxiangmu\\openimage.jpg", &openimage);
	//闭运算
	morphologyEx(srcmat, closemat, CV_MOP_CLOSE, element);
	imshow("close", closemat);
	cvWaitKey();
	IplImage closeimage(closemat);
	cvSaveImage("E:\\ckechengxiangmu\\closeimage.jpg", &closeimage);
	return 0;
}