writing vocabulary

1. the necessity of ... is discussed by the public in recent yeras. 
2. ... is valuable
3. leads to the decline of 
4. have extra time
5. are widely adotped
6. should be extinguished (abandoned) owing to 
7. be enhanced
8. according to some study in psychological science.
9. in long term
10. find a balance between A and B
11. top universities
12. are facing criticisms of privileges
13. applicants
14. top social classes
15. because a lack of 
16. insufficient resources
17. are calling for the reform of evolution 
18. should be taken into account
19. implement these policies
20. disadvantaged background
21. a digital age
22. the access to the Internet
23. sustainable growth
24. the availability
25. can facilitate sb to do sth 
26. read for leisure
27. cost performance
28. the wisdom and courage
29. landmarks of cities
30. effectiveness
31. determined by the city size
32. it is plausible to maintain that 
33. outweigh the 
34. notion is biased
35. be substitued by 
36. be willing to do
37. emotional feeling
38. prefer to do rather than
39. plenty of 
40. accessible
41. complementary
42. enrich sb's experience
43. technological progress
44. some maintain that ....
45. the emergence of ... 
46. a wide variety of 
47. broaden people's vision
48. by mass media
49. some negative impacts
50. be exposed to the immoral behaviors
51. supervision
52. factors
53. surveillance
54. contemporary
55. fairness
56. the outcome of interactions
57. have been recognized by people
58. genetic inheritance // innate
59. inadequate
60. research revealed
61. in crime
62. criminal activities
63. combination of 
64. influence
65. be banned
66. be facinated by a certain product
67. self-esteem will get hurt
68. prohibition 
69. unintentional / unintentionally.
70. regrettable
71. be advocated 
72. interfere with
73. intervene with
74. distinctive sytle
75. be more influential
76. a wide coverage
77. essentially a combination of 
78. commercial
79. effective and practical
80. species extinction
81.  health of ecosystem
82. damage the sustainability of human civilisation
83. satisfaction of vanity
84. livestock
85. iron and zinc
86. micronutrients
87. irreplaceable 
88. vanishing process
89. are the prominent causes responsible for 
90. massive impacts
91. emotional absence
92. a quick work pace
93. entertainment activities. 
94. is featured by 
95. coastal city
96. inevitably influence 
97. reduce the companion of family members 
98. emotional attachments can not be met by their parents 
99. mainstream tradition
100. without the implementation and action 
101. adaptability
102. break-through innovations
103. social welfare and national wealth
104. result in global warming
105. a dynamic perspective
106. good qualification
107. exaggrate / overstate
108. could not help doing
109. celebrity
110. thoroughly
111. neurologists  ( 怒)// neuroscientist (牛)
112. discrimination 
113. introvert ///. extrovert
114. athlete
115. symptom
116. stereotype
117. legislation
118. expose yourself to smart people as many as possible. 
119. come up with
120. be frigntened 
121. lifelong learning
122. applause
123. barber
124. it is time saving.
125. think about it
126. byproduct
127. sb thrive on failed attempts.
128. mental fatigue 疲劳 (f 额 提 哥)
129. flatter (奉承) them. compliment
130. believe in yourself, comfort zone,  a lack of money, applause, truely awesome. 
131. comfortable and spacious
132. leading position
133. pass out
134. win high praise
135. contiguous
136. lightening strike (struck) 
137. apprentice
138. autonomous driving
139. time saving
140. think about
141. old and shabby
142. was born and raised
143. mellow out 放松
144. China is rich in heritage. 
145. a jealous  colleague
146. a versatile thing
147. take out a loan from bank
148. take out a mortgage from bank
149. fruits grows on the tree.
150. solid pay
151. be opposed to 
152. be immune to 

 

Advertisement

• companies need to tell their customers about their products
• Advertising is a key part of mordern business
• Advertising is a creative industry that employs many people
• advertisements inform us about the choices we have
• It aims to persuade people that buying a product will make them happier
• we are persuaded to follow the latest trend
• children can easily be influenced by advertisements
• children put pressure on parents to buy them things
• Advertisers focus on selling a brand image
• Advertising should be regulated
• Unhealthy food should not be marketed in a way that attracts children
• Products that can be risk to health should display warnings
• It creates demand for products
• Governments should only censor false inoformation or products that are harmful

 

Animal rights

• Animals are used in important scientific research
• It is necessary to do medical tests on new drugs
• Animal testing helps to advance medical and scientific knowledge
• Many important medical discoveries involved with experiment on animals 
• he works on the anatomy of living animals that may be helpful to cardiac disease.
• The benefits of research using animals do not justify the suffering caused
• There are alternative methods of search
• The lives of animals should be repected
• Humans have no moral right(privilege) to do experiments on animals

 

Vegetarianism

• Vegetarians do not eat food that is produced by killing animals
• It is unnecessary to kill animals for food
• A vegetarian diet may reduce the risk of disease like cancer
• vegetarians do not eat a balanced diet
• meat is the main ingredient in traditional meals

Positives of Zoos

• zoos play an important role in wildlife conservation
• they can help to protect endangered species
• Zoos provide job opportunities
• Zoos are educational, interesting and fun
• they are kept in cages or have limited space
• Some people believe that zoos are unethical
• We have no right to use animals for entertainment and profit
• The best way to save endangered species is by protecting natural habitats

 

Cities

• People move to cities in search of job opportunities
• cities offer greater employment possibilities
• cities offer a higher standard of living
• People migrate to cities from countries
• Traditional activities like farming need fewer workers nowadays
• The living expenses are higher than rural areas
• Homelessness and poverty are common on cities
• Life in cities can be extremely stressful
• There are problems like traffic congestion and crime
• there is a lack of sense of belonging
• banning cars encourage people to walk or cycle
• People who walk or cycle regularly are generally healthier

 

Crime

• juvenile delinquency
• capital punishment
• The job of the polices is to catch criminals, ex-prisoner, offender, lawbreaker
• They must also prevent crime and make communities safer
• break the law
• community service
• punish serious offenders
• reform ciminals
• who committed (commit) minor crimes
• become meaningful citizens, productive members
• clean street, tend public gardens, collect litters
• a sense of resposibility
• stable society.
• fair society
• deter (犯罪专用) criminals from assaulting (attacking others, hurting others )
• engage in the society
• to live a normal life
• ruin their reputation
• casting a long shadow on their careers
• receiving vocational training
• the negative impact on their lives
• violate laws repeatedly
• ingrained (戒不掉的)
• can not be modified
• illegal
• keep them in prison
• deprive them of their freedom
• a harsh penalty
• criminal offences on their record
• thief, robber, rapper, (theft, robbery, raping)
• feel isolated
• There should be an increase number of police officers on the streets
• The police should be in close with schools
• focus on young people who have dropped out of school
• These teenagers may become involved with gangs
• fines are used as punishment for minor crimals
• some criminals pose a threat to society
• They are put in prison to ensure the safety
• they make friends with other offenders
• Many prisioners re-offend when they are released
• reform.  prisioners should receive education of vocational training
• rehabilitation aims to make them better citizens
• moral values, social norm
•  capital punishment (死刑) deters crime
• commit offences
• It is a form of revenge
• innocent people could be wrongly executed
• crime rates are not reduced
• a violent culture
• we have no right to take another human life
• cost is avoided
• encourage revenge
• is a way to reform offenders
• offenders repay their community
• community service is not a sufficient punishment
• criminals should be locked up away from their vicitms
• This lead to fear of crime among the public
• the media report crime stories in order to increase their audience

 

Education

• People with qualification are more likely to find work
• They can earn a higher salary
• They can contribute to teh society
• education gives people knowledge and skills
• foreign institutions may offer better courses
• Many students want to attend a top university
• qualifications can open the door to better job opportunities
• Overseas students are exposed to different cultures and customs
• they become more independent
• the language barrier can be a problem
• technology can make lessons much more interesting
• people rely too much on computers
• technology is no subsititue for a real teacher
•  computers are not reliable
• Children often have to work from an early age
• people from deprived backgroud
• literacy rates are still low
• education is the key to improving the economy of these countries
• children need to have access to free shcooling
• governments should make education compulsory for all children
• they could invest money in schools
• this may lack social skills
• corporal punishment
• physical punishment is a way of controlling children using fear
• don't promote trust between children and adults
• creates an atmosphere of fear and anger
• advantages of streaming (分班)
• repetitive boring jobs are now done by machine
• pratical training
• a shortage of plumbers
• parents are not satisfied shools
• discipline problems can be avoided by home-schooling
• some families live in isolated areas with poor transport
• most parents do not have the time to educate their children at home
• children are spoiled
• due to a lack of discipline
• a positive working atmosphere
• punish disruptive students
• get better exam grades
• this is often for religious (religion) or cultural reasons
• high-level students may porgress faster
• lower level groups can befenits from a lower pace
• work at the right speed for their students
• damge self esteem 
• lose motivation
• large classes are difficult to manage
• unstable family background 
• need a clear set of rules
• set a good example for students

 

Envrionment

• cause a problem known as greenhouse effect
• we can expect more extreme weather conditions
• is putting pressure on natural resources
• we are destroying wildlife habitats
• extinction of many species
• invest in renewable energy
• recycling
• governments should introduce laws to limit emissions from fatories
• the amount of household waste is growing
• consequences of dropping rubbish
• advocates
• opponents

 

 

 

 

模板

1 topic + opinion.... I completely agree that ... i completely disagree that
2 ... should be abandoned... in my opinion it is not worth the risk
3 ...... is better. I suggest
4 in conclusion, my view is that

discussion
1 topic... more important. while.... can be useful, i believe... that ... is more important
2 why a ... On the one hand ,..... 1） 2） 3) it can therefore be argued that .... A good
3 why b my view one the other hand, 1) 2) 3) this is the attitude that i believe ... ....
4 in conclusion, i .... but it seems to me that ..... is much more desirable

problem & soloving
1 there are a variety of reasons for this and several stpes can be taken to tackle this problem.
2 In my opinion, three main factors are to blame for ...
3 ... can certainly be improved. to demonstrate ... have consequences
4 In conclusion, ... face problems ... do sth to ....

2 questions
1 ... influenced by a variety of factors... answer q1. answer q2 In my opinion,
2 .... a range of considerations... when ... 1) 2) 3)
3 ... I believe ... I prefer ... volunteers. ....
4 in conclusion, .....

 

 

Line graph

• a small rise to ... 20 watt.. 
• fell to ...
• to a peak of ... 23 watt
• hrdroelectic power.
• a negligible amount.

 

Bar chart

• saw the biggest rises in sales
• double the numebr of ... 
• fell by ... 
• the other three top ... between 2001 and 2002 were A , B , C, those companies sold ...1 , 2 and 3 water respectively.
• A overtook B... in 2001
• rose slightly