android图片优化

/1、不要将Button的背景设置为selector

  如果是将Button的背景设置为selector,在初始化Button的时候会将正反选图片都加载在内存中,相当于一个按钮占用了两张相同大小图片所使用的内存,可以通过在布局文件中给按钮只设置正常状态下的背景图片,然后在代码中监听按钮的点击状态,当按下按钮时为按钮设置反选效果的图片,抬起时重新设置为正常状态下的背景。

public class ImageButtonClickUtils {
        private ImageButtonClickUtils(){
 
        }
 
        /**
         * 设置按钮的正反选效果
         *
         * */
        public static void setClickState(View view, final int normalResId, final int pressResId){
            view.setOnTouchListener(new OnTouchListener() {
                @Override
                public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
                    switch(event.getAction()){
                    case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:{
                        v.setBackgroundResource(pressResId);
                    }
                    break;
                    case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:{
                        v.setBackgroundResource(pressResId);
                    }
                    break;
                    case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:{
                        v.setBackgroundResource(normalResId);
                    }
                    break;
                    default:{
 
                    }
                    break;
                    }
 
                    // 为了不影响监听按钮的onClick回调,返回值应为false
                    return false;
                }
            });
        }
}

通过上面这种方式就可以解决同一个按钮占用两倍内存的问题,如果你觉得为一个按钮提供正反选两张图片会导致APK的体积变大,可以通过如下方式实现按钮点击的反选效果,这种方式既不会存在Button占用两倍内存的情况,又减小了APK的体积(Android 5.0中的tintColor也可以实现类似的效果):

 

ImageButton personalInfoBtn = (ImageButton)findViewById(R.id.personalBtnId);
    personalInfoBtn.setOnTouchListener(new OnTouchListener() {
        @SuppressLint("ClickableViewAccessibility")
        @Override
        public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
            int action = event.getAction();
 
            if(action == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN){
                ((ImageButton)v).setColorFilter(getResources().getColor(0X50000000));
            }else if(action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP || action == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL){
                ((ImageButton)v).clearColorFilter();
            }
 
            // 为了不影响监听按钮的onClick回调,返回值应为false
            return false;
        }
    });

2、将背景图片放在非UI线程绘制,提升APP的效率

        在高分辨率的平板设备上,绘制大背景的图片会影响程序的运行效率,严重情况下就和没有开硬件加速的时候使用手写功能一样,相当地卡,最后我们的解决方案是将背景图片通过SurfaceView来绘制,这样相当于是在非UI线程绘制,不会影响到UI线程做其它事情。

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Matrix;
import android.graphics.PixelFormat;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.DisplayMetrics;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceView;
 
import com.eebbk.hanziLearning.activity.R;
 
public class RootSurfaceView extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback, Runnable{
    private float mViewWidth = 0;
    private float mViewHeight = 0;
    private int mResourceId = 0;
    private Context mContext = null;
    private volatile boolean isRunning = false;
    private SurfaceHolder mSurfaceHolder = null;
 
    public RootSurfaceView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        initRootSurfaceView(context, attrs, defStyleAttr, 0);
    }
 
    public RootSurfaceView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        initRootSurfaceView(context, attrs, 0, 0);
    }
 
    private void initRootSurfaceView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr, int defStyleRes){
        mContext = context;
        DisplayMetrics displayMetrics = context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics();
        TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.RootSurfaceView, defStyleAttr, defStyleRes);
        int n = a.getIndexCount();
        mViewWidth = displayMetrics.widthPixels;
        mViewHeight = displayMetrics.heightPixels;
        for(int index=0; index<n; index++){
            int attr = a.getIndex(index);
            switch(attr){
            case R.styleable.RootSurfaceView_background:{
                mResourceId = a.getResourceId(attr, 0);
            }
            break;
            case R.styleable.RootSurfaceView_view_width:{
                mViewWidth = a.getDimension(attr, displayMetrics.widthPixels);
            }
            break;
            case R.styleable.RootSurfaceView_view_height:{
                mViewHeight = a.getDimension(attr, displayMetrics.heightPixels);
            }
            break;
            default:{
 
            }
            break;
            }
        }
        a.recycle();
        mSurfaceHolder = getHolder();
        mSurfaceHolder.addCallback(this);
        mSurfaceHolder.setFormat(PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT);
    }
 
    private Bitmap getDrawBitmap(Context context, float width, float height) {
        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), mResourceId);
        Bitmap resultBitmap = zoomImage(bitmap, width, height);
        return resultBitmap;
    }
 
    @Override
    public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) {
        System.out.println("RootSurfaceView surfaceChanged");
    }
 
    @Override
    public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        drawBackGround(holder);
        System.out.println("RootSurfaceView surfaceCreated");
    }
 
    @Override
    public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        isRunning = false;
        System.out.println("RootSurfaceView surfaceDestroyed");
    }
 
    @Override
    protected void onAttachedToWindow() {
        super.onAttachedToWindow();
        System.out.println("RootSurfaceView onAttachedToWindow");
    }
 
    @Override
    protected void onDetachedFromWindow() {
        super.onDetachedFromWindow();
        System.out.println("RootSurfaceView onDetachedFromWindow");
    }
 
    @Override
    public void run(){  
        while(isRunning){  
            synchronized (mSurfaceHolder) {
                if(!mSurfaceHolder.getSurface().isValid()){
                    continue;
                }
                drawBackGround(mSurfaceHolder);
            }
            isRunning = false;
            break;
        }  
    }
 
    private void drawBackGround(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        Canvas canvas = holder.lockCanvas();
        Bitmap bitmap = getDrawBitmap(mContext, mViewWidth, mViewHeight);
        canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, null);
        bitmap.recycle();
        holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);
    }
 
    public static Bitmap zoomImage( Bitmap bgimage , float newWidth , float newHeight ) {
        float width = bgimage.getWidth( );
        float height = bgimage.getHeight( );
        Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
        float scaleWidth = newWidth/width;
        float scaleHeight = newHeight/height;
        matrix.postScale( scaleWidth, scaleHeight );
        Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap( bgimage, 0, 0, ( int ) width , ( int ) height, matrix, true );
        if( bitmap != bgimage ){
            bgimage.recycle();
            bgimage = null;
        }
        return bitmap;
    }
}

在res/values/attr.xml文件中定义自定义View的自定义属性:

<declare-styleable name="RootSurfaceView">
    <attr name="background" format="reference" />
    <attr name="view_width" format="dimension" />
    <attr name="view_height" format="dimension" />
</declare-styleable>

3、没有必要使用硬件加速的界面建议关掉硬件加速

<!-- 设置界面 -->
<activity
    android:name=".SettingActivity"
    android:hardwareAccelerated="false"
    android:screenOrientation="sensorLandscape"
    android:theme="@style/Translucent_NoTitle">
</activity>

注意:如果使用到WebView、视频播放、手写、动画等功能时,关掉硬件加速会严重音效程序的运行效率,这种情况可以只关闭掉Activity中某些view的硬件加速,整个Activity的硬件加速不关闭。

如果Activity中某个View需要关闭硬件加速,但整个Activity不能关闭,可以调用view层级关闭硬件加速的方法:

  // view.setLayerType || 在定义view的构造方法中调用该方法

  setLayerType(View.LAYER_TYPE_SOFTWARE, null);

4、尽量少用AnimationDrawable,如果必须要可以自定义图片切换器代替AnimationDrawable

  自定义一个ImageView来实现AnimationDrawable的功能,根据图片之间切换的时间间隔来定时设置ImageView的背景图片,这样始终只是一个ImageView实例,更换的只是其背景,占用内存会比AnimationDrawable小很多

/**
* 图片动态切换器
*
* */
public class AnimImageView {
    private static final int MSG_START = 0xf1;
    private static final int MSG_STOP  = 0xf2;
    private static final int STATE_STOP = 0xf3;
    private static final int STATE_RUNNING = 0xf4;
 
    /* 运行状态*/
    private int mState = STATE_RUNNING;
    private ImageView mImageView;
    /* 图片资源ID列表*/
    private List<Integer> mResourceIdList = null;
    /* 定时任务*/
    private Timer mTimer = null;
    private AnimTimerTask mTimeTask = null;
    /* 记录播放位置*/
    private int mFrameIndex = 0;
    /* 播放形式*/
    private boolean isLooping = false;
 
    public AnimImageView( ){
        mTimer = new Timer();
    }
 
    /**
     * 设置动画播放资源
     *
     * */
    public void setAnimation( HanziImageView imageview, List<Integer> resourceIdList ){
        mImageView = imageview;
        mResourceIdList = resourceIdList;
    }
 
    /**
     *  开始播放动画
     *  @param loop 时候循环播放
     *  @param duration 动画播放时间间隔
     * */
    public void start(boolean loop, int duration){
        stop();
        isLooping = loop;
        mFrameIndex = 0;
        mState = STATE_RUNNING;
        mTimeTask = new AnimTimerTask( );
        mTimer.schedule(mTimeTask, 0, duration);
    }
 
    /**
     * 停止动画播放
     *
     * */
    public void stop(){
        if (mTimeTask != null) {
            mFrameIndex = 0;
            mState = STATE_STOP;
            mTimer.purge();
            mTimeTask.cancel();
            mTimeTask = null;
            mImageView.setBackgroundResource(0);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 定时器任务
     *
     *
     */
    class AnimTimerTask extends TimerTask {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            if(mFrameIndex < 0 || mState == STATE_STOP){
                return;
            }
 
            if( mFrameIndex < mResourceIdList.size() ){
                Message msg = AnimHanlder.obtainMessage(MSG_START,0,0,null);
                msg.sendToTarget();
            }else{
                mFrameIndex = 0;
                if(!isLooping){
                    Message msg = AnimHanlder.obtainMessage(MSG_STOP,0,0,null);
                    msg.sendToTarget();
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    private Handler AnimHanlder = new Handler(){
         public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
                switch (msg.what) {
                case MSG_START:{
                    if(mFrameIndex >=0 && mFrameIndex < mResourceIdList.size() && mState == STATE_RUNNING){
                        mImageView.setImageResource(mResourceIdList.get(mFrameIndex));
                        mFrameIndex++;
                    }
                }
                    break;
                case MSG_STOP:{
                    if (mTimeTask != null) {
                        mFrameIndex = 0;
                        mTimer.purge();
                        mTimeTask.cancel();
                        mState = STATE_STOP;
                        mTimeTask = null;
                        mImageView.setImageResource(0);
                    }
                }
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
                }
         }
    };
}

5、其它优化方式

  • 尽量将Activity中的小图片和背景合并,一张小图片既浪费布局的时间,又平白地增加了内存占用;

  • 不要在Activity的主题中为Activity设置默认的背景图片,这样会导致Activity占用的内存翻倍:<!–千万不要在主题中为Activity设置默认背景<style name=”Activity_Style” parent=”@android:Theme.Holo.Light.NoActionBar”>

    <item name=”android:background”>@drawable/*</item>

    </style>

  • 对于在需要时才显示的图片或者布局,可以使用ViewStub标签,通过sdk/tools目录下的hierarchyviewer.bat查看布局文件会发现,使用viewstub标签的组件几乎不消耗布局的时间,在代码中当需要显示时再去实例化有助于提高Activity的布局效率和节省Activity消耗的内存。

参考文献:http://www.jianshu.com/p/5bb8c01e2bc7

posted @ 2017-07-04 09:44  yl007  阅读(444)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报