乘法逆元

描述:若b * x = 1 (mod p),则称b关于模p的乘法逆元为x。
条件:当b与p互质时,b关于模p的乘法逆元有唯一解;b与p不互质时,无解。
求法:由欧拉定理b^phi(p) = 1 (mod p)可知: x = b^(phi(p)-1) = b^(p-2)

1. 扩展欧几里得算法求逆元
 1 LL extendEuclid(LL a, LL b, LL &x, LL &y)
 2 {
 3     if (0 == a && 0 == b) return -1;
 4     if (0 == b) {
 5         x = 1;
 6         y = 0;
 7         return a;
 8     }
 9     d = extendEuclid(b, a % b, y, x);
10     y -= a / b * x;
11     return d;
12 }
13 
14 // bx = 1 (mod p)
15 LL modReverse(LL b, LL p) {
16     LL x, y;
17     LL d = extendEuclid(b, p, x, y);
18     if (d == 1) return (x % n + n) % n;
19     return -1;
20 }

2. bx = 1 (mod p)当b < p时的简洁求法

1 // bx = 1 (mod p)
2 // b < p 且b与p互质
3 LL modReverse(LL b, LL p) {
4     if (1 == b) return 1;
5     return modReverse(p % b, p) * (p - p / b) % p;
6 }

3. 利用欧拉函数x = b^(phi(p)-1) = b^(p-2)

 1 // a^b mod p
 2 LL fastModExp(LL a, LL b, LL p) {
 3     LL tmp = a;
 4     LL ret = 1L;
 5     while(b) {
 6         if(b & 1) ret = ret * tmp % p;
 7         tmp = tmp * tmp % p;
 8         b >>= 1;
 9     }
10     return ret;
11 }
12 
13 // bx = 1 (mod p)
14 LL modReverse(LL b, LL p) {
15     return fastModExp(b, p - 2, p);
16 }
posted @ 2015-08-23 20:47  jasaiq  阅读(430)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报