实验2 类和对象 基础编程1
实验任务1：
源代码t.h:
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#pragma once
#include <string>
// 类T: 声明
class T {
// 对象属性、方法
public:
T(int x = 0, int y = 0); // 普通构造函数
T(const T &t); // 复制构造函数
T(T &&t); // 移动构造函数
~T(); // 析构函数
void adjust(int ratio); // 按系数成倍调整数据
void display() const; // 以(m1, m2)形式显示T类对象信息
private:
int m1, m2;
// 类属性、方法
public:
static int get_cnt(); // 显示当前T类对象总数
public:
static const std::string doc; // 类T的描述信息
static const int max_cnt; // 类T对象上限
private:
static int cnt; // 当前T类对象数目
// 类T友元函数声明
friend void func();
};
// 普通函数声明
void func();
源代码t.cpp:
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// 类T: 实现
// 普通函数实现
#include "t.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;
// static成员数据类外初始化
const std::string T::doc{"a simple class sample"};
const int T::max_cnt = 999;
int T::cnt = 0;
// 对象方法
T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} {
++cnt;
cout << "T constructor called.\n";
}
T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
++cnt;
cout << "T copy constructor called.\n";
}
T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
++cnt;
cout << "T move constructor called.\n";
}
T::~T() {
--cnt;
cout << "T destructor called.\n";
}
void T::adjust(int ratio) {
m1 *= ratio;
m2 *= ratio;
}
void T::display() const {
cout << "(" << m1 << ", " << m2 << ")" ;
}
// 类方法
int T::get_cnt() {
return cnt;
}
// 友元
void func() {
T t5(42);
t5.m2 = 2049;
cout << "t5 = "; t5.display(); cout << endl;
}
源代码task1.cpp:
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#include "t.h"
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
void test();
int main() {
test();
cout << "\nmain: \n";
cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
}
void test() {
cout << "test class T: \n";
cout << "T info: " << T::doc << endl;
cout << "T objects'max count: " << T::max_cnt << endl;
cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl << endl;
T t1;
cout << "t1 = "; t1.display(); cout << endl;
T t2(3, 4);
cout << "t2 = "; t2.display(); cout << endl;
T t3(t2);
t3.adjust(2);
cout << "t3 = "; t3.display(); cout << endl;
T t4(std::move(t2));
cout << "t3 = "; t4.display(); cout << endl;
cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
func();
}
运行测试截图：
问题1：不能；编译报错信息截图：
问题2：普通构造函数：默认构造函数
复制构造函数：用别的对象来初始化新对象的内存
移动构造函数：更节约时间的类似复制构造函数的函数
析构函数：当对象生命周期结束时，释放对象内存空间
问题3：不能
实验任务2：
源代码Complex.h:
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#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
Complex(double x = 0, double y = 0) :real(x), imag(y) {}
Complex(const Complex& L);
double get_real();
double get_imag();
void add(Complex L2);
friend Complex add(Complex L1, Complex L2);
friend bool is_equal(Complex L1, Complex L2);
friend bool is_not_equal(Complex L1, Complex L2);
friend void output(Complex L);
friend double abs(Complex L);
static string doc;
private:
double real;
double imag;
};
源代码Complex.cpp:
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#include<iostream>
#include"Complex.h"
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
string Complex::doc = "a simplified complex class";
Complex::Complex(const Complex& L)
{
real = L.real;
imag = L.imag;
}
double Complex::get_real()
{
return real;
}
double Complex::get_imag()
{
return imag;
}
void Complex::add(Complex L2)
{
real += L2.real;
imag += L2.imag;
}
Complex add(Complex L1, Complex L2)
{
Complex L3;
L3.real = L1.real + L2.real;
L3.imag = L1.imag + L2.imag;
return L3;
}
bool is_equal(Complex L1, Complex L2)
{
if (L1.real == L2.real && L1.imag == L2.imag)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
bool is_not_equal(Complex L1, Complex L2)
{
if (L1.real == L2.real && L1.imag == L2.imag)
{
return false;
}
else
{
return true;
}
}
void output(Complex L)
{
if (L.imag >= 0)
cout << L.real << "+" << L.imag << "i";
else
{
cout << L.real << L.imag << "i";
}
}
double abs(Complex L)
{
double c;
c = sqrt(L.real * L.real + L.imag * L.imag);
return c;
}
源代码task2.cpp:
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#include "Complex.h"
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::boolalpha;
void test() {
cout << "类成员测试: " << endl;
cout << Complex::doc << endl;
cout << endl;
cout << "Complex对象测试: " << endl;
Complex c1;
Complex c2(3, -4);
const Complex c3(3.5);
Complex c4(c3);
cout << "c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
cout << "c2 = "; output(c2); cout << endl;
cout << "c3 = "; output(c3); cout << endl;
cout << "c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
cout << "c4.real = " << c4.get_real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.get_imag() << endl;
cout << endl;
cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
c1.add(c2);
cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
cout << boolalpha;
cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
cout << "c1 != c3 : " << is_not_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
c4 = add(c2, c3);
cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
}
int main() {
test();
}
运行测试截图：
实验任务3：
源代码task3.cpp:
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#include <iostream>
#include <complex>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::boolalpha;
using std::complex;
void test() {
cout << "标准库模板类comple测试: " << endl;
complex<double> c1;
complex<double> c2(3, -4);
const complex<double> c3(3.5);
complex<double> c4(c3);
cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
cout << "c4.real = " << c4.real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.imag() << endl;
cout << endl;
cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
c1 += c2;
cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = " << c1 << endl;
cout << boolalpha;
cout << "c1 == c2 : " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
cout << "c1 != c3 : " << (c1 != c3) << endl;
c4 = c2 + c3;
cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = " << c4 << endl;
}
int main() {
test();
}
运行测试截图：
实验任务4：
源代码Fraction.h:
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#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Fraction
{
private:
int up, down;
public:
static const string doc;
Fraction(int x = 0, int y = 1);
Fraction(const Fraction& L);
int get_up();
int get_down();
Fraction negative();
void yuefen();
friend void output(Fraction L);
friend Fraction add(Fraction L1, Fraction L2);
friend Fraction sub(Fraction L1, Fraction L2);
friend Fraction mul(Fraction L1, Fraction L2);
friend Fraction div(Fraction L1, Fraction L2);
};
源代码Fraction.cpp:
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#include "Fraction.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
const string Fraction::doc = "Fraction类v0.01版.\n目前仅支持分数对象的构造、输出、加/减/乘/除运算";
int gongyueshu(int a, int b)
{
int r;
while (b > 0)
{
r = a % b;
a = b;
b = r;
}
return a;
}
Fraction::Fraction(int x, int y):up(x),down(y)
{
if (down == 0)
{
cout << "分母不能为0";
}
yuefen();
}
Fraction::Fraction(const Fraction& L)
{
up = L.up;
down = L.down;
}
void Fraction::yuefen()
{
int shu = gongyueshu(abs(up), abs(down));
up = up / shu;
down = down / shu;
}
int Fraction::get_up()
{
return up;
}
int Fraction::get_down()
{
return down;
}
Fraction Fraction::negative()
{
return Fraction(-up, down);
}
void output(Fraction L)
{
if (L.up * L.down < 0)
{
if (L.up % L.down == 0)
{
cout << "-" << abs(L.up) /abs( L.down);
}
else
{
cout << "-" << abs(L.up) << "/" << abs(L.down);
}
}
else
{
if (L.up % L.down == 0)
{
cout << abs(L.up) / abs(L.down);
}
else
{
cout << abs(L.up) << "/" << abs(L.down);
}
}
}
Fraction add(Fraction L1, Fraction L2)
{
int a, b;
b = L1.down * L2.down;
a = L1.up * L2.down + L2.up * L1.down;
return Fraction(a, b);
}
Fraction sub(Fraction L1, Fraction L2)
{
int a, b;
b = L1.down * L2.down;
a = L1.up * L2.down - L2.up * L1.down;
return Fraction(a, b);
}
Fraction mul(Fraction L1, Fraction L2)
{
int a, b;
a = L1.up * L2.up;
b = L1.down * L2.down;
return Fraction(a, b);
}
Fraction div(Fraction L1, Fraction L2)
{
int a, b;
a = L1.up * L2.down;
b= L1.down * L2.up;
return Fraction(a, b);
}
源代码task4.cpp:
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#include "Fraction.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
const string Fraction::doc = "Fraction类v0.01版.\n目前仅支持分数对象的构造、输出、加/减/乘/除运算";
int gongyueshu(int a, int b)
{
int r;
while (b > 0)
{
r = a % b;
a = b;
b = r;
}
return a;
}
Fraction::Fraction(int x, int y):up(x),down(y)
{
if (down == 0)
{
cout << "分母不能为0";
}
yuefen();
}
Fraction::Fraction(const Fraction& L)
{
up = L.up;
down = L.down;
}
void Fraction::yuefen()
{
int shu = gongyueshu(abs(up), abs(down));
up = up / shu;
down = down / shu;
}
int Fraction::get_up()
{
return up;
}
int Fraction::get_down()
{
return down;
}
Fraction Fraction::negative()
{
return Fraction(-up, down);
}
void output(Fraction L)
{
if (L.up * L.down < 0)
{
if (L.up % L.down == 0)
{
cout << "-" << abs(L.up) /abs( L.down);
}
else
{
cout << "-" << abs(L.up) << "/" << abs(L.down);
}
}
else
{
if (L.up % L.down == 0)
{
cout << abs(L.up) / abs(L.down);
}
else
{
cout << abs(L.up) << "/" << abs(L.down);
}
}
}
Fraction add(Fraction L1, Fraction L2)
{
int a, b;
b = L1.down * L2.down;
a = L1.up * L2.down + L2.up * L1.down;
return Fraction(a, b);
}
Fraction sub(Fraction L1, Fraction L2)
{
int a, b;
b = L1.down * L2.down;
a = L1.up * L2.down - L2.up * L1.down;
return Fraction(a, b);
}
Fraction mul(Fraction L1, Fraction L2)
{
int a, b;
a = L1.up * L2.up;
b = L1.down * L2.down;
return Fraction(a, b);
}
Fraction div(Fraction L1, Fraction L2)
{
int a, b;
a = L1.up * L2.down;
b= L1.down * L2.up;
return Fraction(a, b);
}
运行测试截图：
实验任务5：
源代码acccount.h:
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#pragma once
class SavingsAccount {
private:
int id;
double balance;
double rate;
int lastDate;
double accumulation;
static double total;
void record(int date, double amount);
double accumulate(int date) const
{
return accumulation + balance * (date - lastDate);
}
public:
SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate);
int getId()const { return id; }
double getBalance()const { return balance; }
double getRate()const { return rate; }
static double getTotal() { return total; }
void deposit(int date, double amount);
void withdraw(int date, double amount);
void settle(int date);
void show()const;
};
源代码acccount.cpp:
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#include"account.h"
#include<cmath>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate) :id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0)
{
cout << date << "\t#" << id << " is created" << endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::record(int date, double amount)
{
accumulation = accumulate(date);
lastDate = date;
amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
balance += amount;
total += amount;
cout << date << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::deposit(int date, double amount) {
record(date, amount);
}
void SavingsAccount::withdraw(int date, double amount) {
if (amount > getBalance())
cout << "Error:not enough money" << endl;
else
{
record(date, -amount);
}
}
void SavingsAccount::settle(int date) {
double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / 365;
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest);
accumulation = 0;
}
void SavingsAccount::show()const {
cout << "#" << id << "\tBalance:" << balance;
}
源代码5_11.cpp:
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#include"account.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
SavingsAccount sa0(1, 21325302, 0.015);
SavingsAccount sa1(1, 58320212, 0.015);
sa0.deposit(5, 5000);
sa1.deposit(25, 10000);
sa0.deposit(45, 5500);
sa1.withdraw(60, 4000);
sa0.settle(90);
sa1.settle(90);
sa0.show(); cout << endl;
sa1.show(); cout << endl;
cout << "Total: " << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
return 0;
}
运行测试截图：
