实验1 现代C++编程初体验
实验任务1:
源代码task1.cpp:
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// 现代C++标准库、算法库体验
// 本例用到以下内容:
// 1. 字符串string, 动态数组容器类vector、迭代器
// 2. 算法库:反转元素次序、旋转元素
// 3. 函数模板、const引用作为形参
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
// 声明
// 模板函数声明
template<typename T>
void output(const T &c);
// 普通函数声明
void test1();
void test2();
void test3();
int main() {
cout << "测试1: \n";
test1();
cout << "\n测试2: \n";
test2();
cout << "\n测试3: \n";
test3();
}
// 函数实现
// 输出容器对象c中的元素
template <typename T>
void output(const T &c) {
for(auto &i: c)
cout << i << " ";
cout << endl;
}
// 测试1
// 组合使用算法库、迭代器、string反转字符串
void test1() {
string s0{"0123456789"};
cout << "s0 = " << s0 << endl;
string s1{s0};
reverse(s1.begin(), s1.end()); // 反转指定迭代器区间的元素
cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl;
string s2{s0};
reverse_copy(s0.begin(), s0.end(), s2.begin()); // 将指定迭代区间的元素拷贝
cout << "s2 = " << s2 << endl;
}
// 测试2
// 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector反转动态数组对象vector内数据
void test2() {
vector<int> v0{2, 0, 4, 9};
cout << "v0: ";
output(v0);
vector<int> v1{v0};
reverse(v1.begin(), v1.end());
cout << "v1: ";
output(v1);
vector<int> v2{v0};
reverse_copy(v0.begin(), v0.end(), v2.begin());
cout << "v2: ";
output(v2);
}
// 测试3
// 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector实现元素旋转移位
void test3() {
vector<int> v0{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
cout << "v0: ";
output(v0);
vector<int> v1{v0};
rotate(v1.begin(), v1.begin()+1, v1.end()); // 旋转指定迭代器区间
cout << "v1: ";
output(v1);
vector<int> v2{v0};
rotate(v2.begin(), v2.begin()+2, v2.end());
cout << "v2: ";
output(v2);
vector<int> v3{v0};
rotate(v3.begin(), v3.end()-1, v3.end());
cout << "v3: ";
output(v3);
vector<int> v4{v0};
rotate(v4.begin(), v4.end()-2, v4.end());
cout << "v4: ";
output(v4);
}
实验任务2:
源代码task2.cpp:
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#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
// 函数声明
// 模板函数声明
template<typename T>
void output(const T &c);
// 普通函数声明
int rand_int_100();
void test1();
void test2();
int main() {
cout << "测试1: \n";
test1();
cout << "\n测试2: \n";
test2();
}
// 函数实现
// 输出容器对象c中的元素
template <typename T>
void output(const T &c) {
for(auto &i: c)
cout << i << " ";
cout << endl;
}
// 返回[0, 100]区间内的一个随机整数
int rand_int_100() {
return rand() % 101;
}
// 测试1
// 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、排序
void test1() {
vector<int> v0(10); // 创建一个动态数组对象v0, 对象大小为10
generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100); // 产生[0, 100]之间的随机整数
cout << "v0: ";
output(v0);
vector<int> v1{v0};
sort(v1.begin(), v1.end()); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin(), v1.end())内数据项进行升序排序
cout << "v1: ";
output(v1);
vector<int> v2{v0};
sort(v2.begin()+1, v2.end()-1); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin()+1,v1.end()-1)内数据项进行升序排序
cout << "v2: ";
output(v2);
}
// 测试2
// 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、计算最大值/最小值/均值
void test2() {
vector<int> v0(10);
generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100);
cout << "v0: ";
output(v0);
auto iter1 = min_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
cout << "最小值: " << *iter1 << endl;
auto iter2 = max_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
cout << "最大值: " << *iter2 << endl;
auto ans = minmax_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
cout << "最小值: " << *(ans.first) << endl;
cout << "最大值: " << *(ans.second) << endl;
double avg1 = accumulate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), 0)/v0.size();
cout << "均值: " << fixed << setprecision(2) << avg1 << endl;
cout << endl;
}
实验任务3:
程序补足后完整的源代码task3.cpp:
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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string.h>
bool is_palindrome(std::string s)
{
using namespace std;
string s1{s};
reverse(s1.begin(),s1.end());
if(s1.compare(s) == 0)
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
int main() {
using namespace std;
string s;
while(cin >> s)
cout << boolalpha << is_palindrome(s) << endl;
}
实验任务4:
程序补足后完整的源代码task4.cpp:
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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
std::string dec2n(int x, int n = 2)
{
std::string result = "";
if (x == 0) {
return "0";
}
while (x > 0) {
int remainder = x % n;
if (remainder < 10) {
result = char(remainder + '0') + result;
} else {
result = char(remainder - 10 + 'A') + result;
}
x /= n;
}
return result;
}
int main() {
using namespace std;
int x;
while(cin >> x) {
cout << "十进制: " << x << endl;
cout << "二进制: " << dec2n(x) << endl;
cout << "八进制: " << dec2n(x, 8) << endl;
cout << "十六进制: " << dec2n(x, 16) << endl << endl;
}
}
实验任务5:
实现题目要求的源代码task5.cpp:
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#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, j;
cout << " ";
for (i = 0; i <= 25; i++) {
cout << " " << char('a' + i);
}
cout << endl;
for (i = 1; i <= 26; i++) {
cout << right << setw(2) << i;
for (j = 1; j <= 26; j++) {
if (65 + i + j - 1 <= 90) {
cout << right << setw(2) << char('A' + i + j - 1);
}
else {
cout << right << setw(2) << char('A' + i + j - 26 - 1);
}
}
cout << endl;
}
}
实验任务6:
实现题目要求的源代码task6.cpp:
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#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int count_r = 0, s = 0, a = 0, b = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
int symbol = 1 + rand() % 3;
if (symbol == 1) {//加法
int a = 1 + rand() % 10;
int b = 1 + rand() % 10;
cout << a << " + " << b << " = ";
cin >> s;
if (s == a + b) {
count_r++;
}
}
if (symbol == 2) {//减法
int b = 1 + rand() % 9;
int a = b + 1 + rand() % (10 - b + 1);
cout << a << " - " << b << " = ";
cin >> s;
if (s == a - b) {
count_r++;
}
}
if (symbol == 3) {//乘法
int a = 1 + rand() % 10;
int b = 1 + rand() % 10;
cout << a << " * " << b << " = ";
cin >> s;
if (s == a * b) {
count_r++;
}
}
}
cout << "正确率:" << count_r << "0.00 %" << endl;
}