zabbix(4)数据库表分区优化
一、zabbix 数据库存储
zabbix-server将采集到的数据存储在数据库(mysql、oracle等),而数据存储的大小与每秒处理的数量量有关,因此数据存储取决于以下两个因数:
(1)Required server performance, new values per second(每秒处理的数据量)
(2)Housekeeper的设置(zabbix_server.conf文件中):删除数据
zabbix-server将采集到数据主要存储于Histroy和Trends表中,其表结构中的数据类型如下:
对于存储超过期限的数据,主要使用DELETE sql语句进行删除,当数据量太多,这将严重影响数据库的性能。
查询zabbix数据库中各种表存储的大小和行数:
mysql> select table_name, (data_length + index_length)/1024/1024 as total_mb, table_rows from information_schema.tables where table_schema='zabbix';
从上图可知,我这仅仅只是一个测试环境,histroy表存储的数据已经几十万行,如果是生成环境,估计几千、上亿万行。
二、数据库 表分区
1、
数据库的优化有横向和纵向扩展,这里使用数据的分布式,而分表可以看做是分布式的一种。。
在zabbix_server.conf文件中,找到如下两个参数:
(1)HousekeepingFrequency=1 解释:多久删除一次数据库里面的过期数据(间隔时间),默认一小时
(2)MaxHousekeeperDelete=5000 解释:每次删除数据量的上线(最大删除量),默认5000
采用表分区,需要关闭Housekeeping功能,关闭流程如下:Administration ---> General ---> Housekeepin
去掉Histroy和Trends的勾选状态,如下图:
2、
(1)进行表分区,这里采用GitHub上一位大神写的表分区脚本,连接如下:
wget https://github.com/itnihao/zabbix-book/blob/master/03-chapter/partitiontables.sh
该脚本具有如下功能:
> 备份数据库
> 对表进行分区间
> 添加定时任务
如果数据量过大,可以将表数据删除(当然这样数据会全部被删除)
清空语句如下:
sql> use zabbix; sql> truncate table histroy; sql> optimize table histroy; sql> truncate table histroy_str; sql> optimize table histroy_str; sql> truncate table histroy_uint; sql> optimize table histroy_unit; sql> truncate table trends; sql> optimize table trends; sql> truncate table trends_unit; sql> optimize table trends_unit; sql> truncate table events; sql> optimize table events;
(2)运行表分区脚本
为了防止网络中断引起脚本运行中断而造成数据库故障,这里选用screen后台执行方法。
# yum install -y screen
# screen -R zabbix 需要退出的话可以按 Ctral + A 以后再执行 Ctral + D
#bash partitiontables.sh
执行过程如下:
Ready to partition tables. Ready to update permissions of Zabbix user to create routines Enter root DB user: zabbix Enter zabbix password: zabbix mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. ERROR 1044 (42000) at line 1: Access denied for user 'zabbix'@'localhost' to database 'zabbix' # 上述错误可以忽略 Do you want to backup the database (recommended) (Y/n): y Enter output file, press return for default of /tmp/zabbix.sql mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. ERROR 1044 (42000) at line 1: Access denied for user 'zabbix'@'localhost' to database 'zabbix' mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Mysqldump succeeded!, proceeding with upgrade... Ready to proceed: Starting yearly partioning at: 2019 and ending at: 2019 With 30 days of daily history Ready to proceed (Y/n): y Altering table: history Altering table: history_log Altering table: history_str Altering table: history_text Altering table: history_uint Altering table: trends Altering table: trends_uint Creating monthly partitions for table: trends Creating monthly partitions for table: trends_uint Creating daily partitions for table: history Creating daily partitions for table: history_log Creating daily partitions for table: history_str Creating daily partitions for table: history_text Creating daily partitions for table: history_uint Ready to apply script to database, this may take a while.(Y/n): y mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Altering tables history history_log ERROR 1091 (42000) at line 4: Can't DROP 'history_log_2'; check that column/key exists If Zabbix Version = 2.0 Do you want to update the /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf to disable housekeeping (Y/n): n Do you want to update the crontab (Y/n): y The crontab entry can be either in /etc/cron.daily, or added to the crontab for root Do you want to add this to the /etc/cron.daily directory (Y/n): y Enter email of who should get the daily housekeeping reports:
执行完脚本以后,查看计划任务:
[root@manager1 script_sh 19:24:08]#cat /etc/cron.daily/zabbixhousekeeping #!/bin/bash /usr/local/zabbix/cron.d/housekeeping.sh [root@manager1 script_sh 19:26:30]#cat /usr/local/zabbix/cron.d/housekeeping.sh #!/bin/bash MAILTO=root@localhost tmpfile=/tmp/housekeeping$$ date >$tmpfile /usr/bin/mysql --skip-column-names -B -h localhost -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL create_zabbix_partitions();" >>$tmpfile 2>&1 /usr/bin/mail -s "Zabbix MySql Partition Housekeeping" $MAILTO <$tmpfile rm -f $tmpfile [root@manager1 script_sh 19:26:51]#
ok