C++程序设计实验-6

南京信息工程大学实验报告

实验名称 C++简单程序设计-6 实验日期 2018-5-31得分  指导教师  耿学华     

系   计软院   专业计科    年级  2016 级    班次  (2)  姓名    余佳奇    学号  20161326022    

 

一、     实验结论

1.     某计算机硬件系统，为了实现特定的功能，在某个子模块设计了 ABC 三款芯片用于 数字计算。各个芯片的计算功能如下： A 芯片：计算两位整数的加法(m+n)、计算两位整数的减法(m-n) B 芯片：计算两位整数的加法(m+n)、计算两位整数的乘法(m*n) C 芯片：计算两位整数的加法(m+n)、计算两位整数的除法(m/n) 为 ABC 三个芯片分别定义类，描述上述芯片的功能，并在 main 函数中测试这三个类。

Code：

Base.h

#ifndef _Base_H_
#define _Base_H_
class Base{
    public:
        Base(int M=10,int N=10);
        ~Base();
        int add();
    protected:
        int m,n;
};
#endif

Base.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include"base.h"
using namespace std;

int Base::add(){
    cout<<m<<"与"<<n<<"相加为:"<<endl;    
    return (m+n);
}
Base::~Base(){
    cout<<"Deconstructor Base is called"<<endl;
}
Base::Base(int M,int N){
    cout << "Constructor Base is called" << endl;
    m=M;
    n=N;
}

A.h

#include"base.h"
#ifndef _A_h
#define _A_h
class A:public Base{
    public:
        A(int M,int N);
        ~A();
        int sub();
};
#endif

A.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include"A.h"
using namespace std;

int A::sub(){
    cout<<m<<"与"<<n<<"相减为:"<<endl;        
    return (m-n);
}
A::~A(){
    cout<<"Deconstructor A is called"<<endl;
}
A::A(int M,int N){
    cout << "Constructor A is called" << endl;
    m=M;
    n=N;
}

B.h‘

#include"base.h"
#ifndef _B_h
#define _B_h
class B:public Base{
    public:
        B(int M,int N);
        ~B();
        int mul();
};
#endif

B.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include"B.h"
using namespace std;

int B::mul(){
    cout<<m<<"与"<<n<<"相乘为:"<<endl;        
    return (m*n);
}
B::~B(){
    cout<<"Deconstructor B is called"<<endl;
}
B::B(int M,int N){
    cout << "Constructor B is called" << endl;
    m=M;
    n=N;
}

C.h

#include"base.h"
#ifndef _C_h
#define _C_h
class C:public Base{
    public:
        C(int M,int N);
        ~C();
        int div();
};
#endif

C.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include"C.h"
using namespace std;

int C::div(){
    cout<<m<<"与"<<n<<"相除为:"<<endl;        
    return (m/n);
}
C::~C(){
    cout<<"Deconstructor C is called"<<endl;
}
C::C(int M,int N){
    cout << "Constructor C is called" << endl;
    m=M;
    n=N;
}

main.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include"base.h"
#include"A.h"
#include"B.h"
#include"C.h"
using namespace std;
int main(){
    Base l(4,6);
    cout<<l.add()<<endl;
    A a(2,3);
    cout<<a.add()<<endl;
    cout<<a.sub()<<endl;
    B b(5,6);
    cout<<b.add()<<endl;
    cout<<b.mul()<<endl;
    C c(9,2);
    cout<<c.add()<<endl;
    cout<<c.div()<<endl;
    return 0;
}

运行结果：

2. 定义一个车（vehicle）基类，具有数据成员 maxspeed, weight（均为 int 型）， 函数 成员 run(), stop()，由此派生出自行车（bicycle）类、汽车（motorcar）类。其中， bicycle 类 新增数据成员高度（height）， motorcar 类新增数据成员座位数（seatnum）属性。再从 bicycle 和 motorcar 派生出摩托车（motorcycle）类，并在主程序中测试这个类。（每个类都要求定 义构造函数和析构函数）

Code：

vehicle.h

#ifndef _VEHICLE_H_
#define _VEHICLE_H_
class vehicle{
    protected:
        float maxspeed;
        float weight;
    public:
        ~vehicle();
        vehicle(float m=60,float w=500);
        virtual void run();
        virtual void stop();
};
#endif

vehicle.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include"vehicle.h"
using namespace std;

void vehicle::run(){
    cout<<"start！"<<endl;
    cout<<"maxspeed:"<<maxspeed<<endl;
    cout<<"weight:"<<weight<<endl;
}
void vehicle::stop(){
    cout<<"stop！"<<endl<<endl;
}
vehicle::vehicle(float m,float w){
    maxspeed=m;
    weight=w;
    cout<<"Constructor vehicle is called"<<endl;
}
vehicle::~vehicle(){
    cout<<"Deconstructor vehicle is called"<<endl;
}

bicycle.h

#ifndef _BICYCLE_H_
#define _BICYCLE_H_
#include"vehicle.h"
class bicycle:virtual public vehicle{
    protected:
        float height;
    public:
        ~bicycle();
        bicycle(float m=20,float w=100,float h=1.5);
        void run1();
};
#endif

bicycle.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include"bicycle.h"
using namespace std;
bicycle::bicycle(float m,float w,float h):vehicle(m,w){
    height=h;
    cout<<"Constructor bicycle is called"<<endl;
}
bicycle::~bicycle(){
    cout<<"Deconstructor bicycle is called"<<endl;
}
void bicycle::run1(){
    cout<<"start！"<<endl;
    cout<<"maxspeed:"<<maxspeed<<endl;
    cout<<"weight:"<<weight<<endl;
    cout<<"height:"<<height<<endl;
}

motorcar.h

#ifndef _MOTORCAR_H_
#define _MOTORCAR_H_
#include"vehicle.h"
class motorcar:virtual public vehicle{
    protected:
        int seatnum;
    public:
        ~motorcar();
        motorcar(float m=120,float w=1000,int s=5);
        void run2();
};
#endif

motorcar.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include"motorcar.h"
using namespace std;
motorcar::motorcar(float m,float w,int s):vehicle(m,w){
    seatnum=s;
    cout<<"Constructor motorcar is called"<<endl;
}
motorcar::~motorcar(){
    cout<<"Deconstructor motorcar is called"<<endl;
}
void motorcar::run2(){
    cout<<"start！"<<endl;
    cout<<"maxspeed:"<<maxspeed<<endl;
    cout<<"weight:"<<weight<<endl;
    cout<<"seatnum:"<<seatnum<<endl;
}

motorcycle.h

#ifndef _MOTORCYCLE_H_
#define _MOTORCYCLE_H_
#include"bicycle.h"
#include"motorcar.h"
class motorcycle:public bicycle,public motorcar{
    public:
        ~motorcycle();
        motorcycle(float m=80,float w=300,float h=1.8,int s=2);
        void run3();
};
#endif

motorcycle.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include"motorcycle.h"
using namespace std;
motorcycle::motorcycle(float m,float w,float h,int s):vehicle(m,w){
    seatnum=s;
    height=h;
    cout<<"Constructor motorcycle is called"<<endl;
}
motorcycle::~motorcycle(){
    cout<<"Deconstructor motorcycle is called"<<endl;
}
void motorcycle::run3(){
    cout<<"start！"<<endl;
    cout<<"maxspeed:"<<maxspeed<<endl;
    cout<<"weight:"<<weight<<endl;
    cout<<"height:"<<height<<endl;
    cout<<"seatnum:"<<seatnum<<endl;
}

main.cpp

#include"vehicle.h"
#include"bicycle.h"
#include"motorcar.h"
#include"motorcycle.h"
int main(){
vehicle a;
a.run();
a.stop();
bicycle b;
b.run1();
b.stop();
motorcar c;
c.run2();
c.stop();
motorcycle d;
d.run3();
d.stop();
return 0;
}

运行结果：

3. 实验内容三

Code：

fraction.h

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
#ifndef _FRACTION_H_
#define _FRACTION_H_
using namespace std;
class Fraction
{
protected:
int top, bottom;
public:
Fraction(int t, int b);
Fraction(int t);
Fraction();
int gcd(int a, int b);
void simplify();
void add(Fraction c1);
void subtract(Fraction c1);
void multiple(Fraction c1);
void divde(Fraction c1);
void compare(Fraction c1);
void readln();
void writeln();
friend Fraction operator +(const Fraction &c1,const Fraction &c2);
friend Fraction operator -(const Fraction &c1,const Fraction &c2);
friend Fraction operator *(const Fraction &c1,const Fraction &c2);
friend Fraction operator /(const Fraction &c1,const Fraction &c2);
};
#endif

fraction.cpp

#include"Fraction.h" 
int Fraction::gcd(int t, int b) {                 //求两个数的最小公约数// 
return t % b == 0 ? b : gcd(b, t%b);
}
Fraction::Fraction(int t, int b) {               //定义分数对象时，如果提供两个初始化参数，代表分数3/4// 
top = t; 
bottom = b;
}
Fraction::Fraction(int t) {                      //定义分数对象时，如果提供一个初始化参数，代表分数5/1// 
top = t;
bottom = 1;
}
Fraction::Fraction() {                          //默认没有提供任何初始化数据时，分数的对象默认值为0/1// 
top = 0;
bottom = 1;
}
void Fraction::simplify() {                     //用于分数的化简// 
if(bottom < 0) {
top = - top;
bottom = - bottom;
}
int g = gcd(abs(top),abs(bottom));             //求出最大公约数，分别用分子分母做除// 
top /= g;
bottom /= g;
}
void Fraction::add(Fraction c1) {              //求分数的和// 
bottom = bottom * c1.bottom;
top = top * c1.bottom + c1.top * bottom;
simplify();
}
void Fraction::subtract(Fraction c1) {         //求分数的差// 
bottom = bottom * c1.bottom;
top = top * c1.bottom - c1.top * bottom;
simplify();
}
void Fraction::multiple(Fraction c1) {        //求分数的积// 
top *= c1.top;
bottom *= c1.bottom;
simplify();
}
void Fraction::divde(Fraction c1) {           //求分数的商//
if(c1.top == 0) {
cout << "错误，0不能作除数.\n";
return ;
}
top *= c1.bottom;
bottom *= c1.top;                            //两个数相除就相当于一个数乘另一个数的倒数// 
simplify();
}
void Fraction::compare(Fraction c1) {        //比较分数大小// 
int tmp=top * gcd(bottom, c1.bottom) - c1.top* gcd(bottom, c1.bottom);
if(tmp==0)
cout<<"两数大小相等！"<<endl;
else if(tmp<0) cout<<"第一个数较大！" <<endl;
else if(tmp>0) cout<<"第二个数较大！" <<endl;
}
void Fraction::readln() {                    //读入分数// 
cout << "请输入分子和分母" << endl;
cin >> top;
int ans;
cin >> ans;
while (ans == 0) {
cout << "0不能作分母，请重试！" << endl;
cin >> ans;
}
bottom = ans;
}
void Fraction::writeln() {                   //输出分数// 
if(bottom != 1) 
cout << top << "/" << bottom << endl;
else cout << top <<endl;
}
Fraction operator +(const Fraction &c1,const Fraction &c2) {
Fraction tmp;
tmp.bottom = c1.bottom * c2.bottom;
tmp.top = c2.top * c1.bottom + c1.top * c2.bottom;
tmp.simplify();
return tmp;
}
Fraction operator -(const Fraction &c1,const Fraction &c2) {
Fraction tmp;
tmp.bottom = c1.bottom * c2.bottom;
tmp.top = c1.top * c2.bottom - c2.top * c1.bottom;
if(tmp.bottom < 0) {
tmp.top = - tmp.top;
tmp.bottom = - tmp.bottom;
}
tmp.simplify();
return tmp;
}
Fraction operator *(const Fraction &c1,const Fraction &c2) {
Fraction tmp;
tmp.top = c1.top * c2.top;
tmp.bottom = c1.bottom * c2.bottom;
tmp.simplify();
return tmp;
}
Fraction operator /(const Fraction &c1,const Fraction &c2) {
Fraction tmp;
if(c1.top == 0 || c2.top == 0) {
return tmp;
}
tmp.top = c1.top * c2.bottom;
tmp.bottom = c1.bottom * c2.top;
tmp.simplify();
return tmp;
}

ifraction.h

#include"fraction.h"
#ifndef _IFRACTION_H
#define _IFRACTION_H
class ifraction:public Fraction{
    public:
        ifraction(int t,int b,int I=0);
        ifraction(const ifraction &c1);
        void print();
        friend ifraction convertF(const ifraction &c1);
    private:
        int i=0;
};
#endif

ifraction.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include"iFraction.h"
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
ifraction::ifraction(int t,int b,int I):Fraction(t,b){
    i=I;
}
ifraction::ifraction(const ifraction &c1):Fraction(c1){
    i=c1.i;
}
void ifraction::print(){
    if(top==0){
        cout<<i<<endl;
    }
    cout<<setw(4)<<setfill(' ')<<top<<endl;
    cout<<setw(3)<<setfill(' ')<<i<<'-'<<endl;
    cout<<setw(4)<<setfill(' ')<<bottom<<endl;
}
ifraction convertF(const ifraction &c1){
    ifraction tmp(c1);
    tmp.simplify();
    int z=tmp.top/tmp.bottom;
    tmp.i+=z;
    tmp.top%=tmp.bottom;
    return tmp;

}

main.cpp

#include"fraction.h"
#include"ifraction.h"
#include <iomanip>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
Fraction c1 (6,-12);
Fraction c2 (2);
Fraction c3 ;
ifraction c4(5,3,1);
cout<<"c1=";
c1.writeln();
cout<<"c2=";
c2.writeln();
c1=c1+c2;
cout<<"c1=c1+c2,c1=";
c1.writeln();
c1=c1-c2;
cout<<"c1=c1-c2,c1=";
c1.writeln();
c1=c1*c2;
cout<<"c1=c1*c2,c1=";
c1.writeln();
c1=c1/c2;
cout<<"c1=c1/c2,c1=";
c1.writeln();
c4.print();
c4=convertF(c4);
c4.print();
return 0;
}

运行结果：

三、实验总结与体会

  本次实验理解了类的继承和派生，并且掌握了派生类的定义和使用。了解掌握了派生类构造函数和析构函数的定义。同时了解了运算符重载的目的，掌握了运算符重载函数的编写方法。总的来说，类的继承和多态是C++语言一种及其高效和灵活的运用。