基于redis的分布式锁二种应用场景

“分布式锁”是用来解决分布式应用中“并发冲突”的一种常用手段,实现方式一般有基于zookeeper及基于redis二种。具体到业务场景中,我们要考虑二种情况:

一、抢不到锁的请求,允许丢弃(即:忽略)

比如:一些不是很重要的场景,比如“监控数据持续上报”,某一篇文章的“已读/未读”标识位更新,对于同一个id,如果并发的请求同时到达,只要有一个请求处理成功,就算成功。

用活动图表示如下:

点击查看原图

 

二、并发请求,不论哪一条都必须要处理的场景(即:不允许丢数据)

比如:一个订单,客户正在前台修改地址,管理员在后台同时修改备注。地址和备注字段的修改,都必须正确更新,这二个请求同时到达的话,如果不借助db的事务,很容易造成行锁竞争,但用事务的话,db的性能显然比不上redis轻量。

解决思路:A,B二个请求,谁先抢到分布式锁(假设A先抢到锁),谁先处理,抢不到的那个(即:B),在一旁不停等待重试,重试期间一旦发现获取锁成功,即表示A已经处理完,把锁释放了。这时B就可以继续处理了。

但有二点要注意:

a、需要设置等待重试的最长时间,否则如果A处理过程中有bug,一直卡死,或者未能正确释放锁,B就一直会等待重试,但是又永远拿不到锁。

b、等待最长时间,必须小于锁的过期时间。否则,假设锁2秒过期自动释放,但是A还没处理完(即:A的处理时间大于2秒),这时锁会因为redis key过期“提前”误释放,B重试时拿到锁,造成A,B同时处理。(注:可能有同学会说,不设置锁的过期时间,不就完了么?理论上讲,确实可以这么做,但是如果业务代码有bug,导致处理完后没有unlock,或者根本忘记了unlock,分布式锁就会一直无法释放。所以综合考虑,给分布式锁加一个“保底”的过期时间,让其始终有机会自动释放,更为靠谱)

用活动图表示如下:

点击查看原图

写了一个简单的工具类:

package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.redisdistributionlock;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 利用redis获取分布式锁
 *
 * @author 菩提树下的杨过
 * @blog http://yjmyzz.cnblogs.com/
 */
public class RedisLock {

    private StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

    /**
     * simple lock尝试获取锅的次数
     */
    private int retryCount = 3;

    /**
     * 每次尝试获取锁的重试间隔毫秒数
     */
    private int waitIntervalInMS = 100;


    public RedisLock(StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate) {
        this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate;
    }

    /**
     * 利用redis获取分布式锁(未获取锁的请求,允许丢弃!)
     *
     * @param redisKey       锁的key值
     * @param expireInSecond 锁的自动释放时间(秒)
     * @return
     * @throws DistributionLockException
     */
    public String simpleLock(final String redisKey, final int expireInSecond) throws DistributionLockException {
        String lockValue = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        boolean flag = false;
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(redisKey)) {
            throw new DistributionLockException("key is empty!");
        }
        if (expireInSecond <= 0) {
            throw new DistributionLockException("expireInSecond must be bigger than 0");
        }
        try {
            for (int i = 0; i < retryCount; i++) {
                boolean success = redisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(redisKey, lockValue, expireInSecond, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                if (success) {
                    flag = true;
                    break;
                }
                try {
                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(waitIntervalInMS);
                } catch (Exception ignore) {
                    logger.warn("redis lock fail: " + ignore.getMessage());

                }
            }
            if (!flag) {
                throw new DistributionLockException(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " cannot acquire lock now ...");
            }
            return lockValue;
        } catch (DistributionLockException be) {
            throw be;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.warn("get redis lock error, exception: " + e.getMessage());
            throw e;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 利用redis获取分布式锁(未获取锁的请求,将在timeoutSecond时间范围内,一直等待重试)
     *
     * @param redisKey       锁的key值
     * @param expireInSecond 锁的自动释放时间(秒)
     * @param timeoutSecond  未获取到锁的请求,尝试重试的最久等待时间(秒)
     * @return
     * @throws DistributionLockException
     */
    public String lock(final String redisKey, final int expireInSecond, final int timeoutSecond) throws DistributionLockException {
        String lockValue = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        boolean flag = false;
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(redisKey)) {
            throw new DistributionLockException("key is empty!");
        }
        if (expireInSecond <= 0) {
            throw new DistributionLockException("expireInSecond must be greater than 0");
        }
        if (timeoutSecond <= 0) {
            throw new DistributionLockException("timeoutSecond must be greater than 0");
        }
        if (timeoutSecond >= expireInSecond) {
            throw new DistributionLockException("timeoutSecond must be less than expireInSecond");
        }
        try {
            long timeoutAt = System.currentTimeMillis() + timeoutSecond * 1000;
            while (true) {
                boolean success = redisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(redisKey, lockValue, expireInSecond, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                if (success) {
                    flag = true;
                    break;
                }
                if (System.currentTimeMillis() >= timeoutAt) {
                    break;
                }
                try {
                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(waitIntervalInMS);
                } catch (Exception ignore) {
                    logger.warn("redis lock fail: " + ignore.getMessage());
                }
            }
            if (!flag) {
                throw new DistributionLockException(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " cannot acquire lock now ...");
            }
            return lockValue;
        } catch (DistributionLockException be) {
            throw be;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.warn("get redis lock error, exception: " + e.getMessage());
            throw e;
        }
    }


    /**
     * 锁释放
     *
     * @param redisKey
     * @param lockValue
     */
    public void unlock(final String redisKey, final String lockValue) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(redisKey)) {
            return;
        }
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(lockValue)) {
            return;
        }
        try {
            String currLockVal = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(redisKey);
            if (currLockVal != null && currLockVal.equals(lockValue)) {
                boolean result = redisTemplate.delete(redisKey);
                if (!result) {
                    logger.warn(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " unlock redis lock fail");
                } else {
                    logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " unlock redis lock:" + redisKey + " successfully!");
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception je) {
            logger.warn(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " unlock redis lock error:" + je.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

  

然后写个spring-boot来测试一下:

package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.redisdistributionlock;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@SpringBootApplication
public class RedisDistributionLockApplication {

    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RedisDistributionLockApplication.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = SpringApplication.run(RedisDistributionLockApplication.class, args);

        //初始化
        StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate = applicationContext.getBean(StringRedisTemplate.class);
        RedisLock redisLock = new RedisLock(redisTemplate);
        String lockKey = "lock:test";


        CountDownLatch start = new CountDownLatch(1);
        CountDownLatch threadsLatch = new CountDownLatch(2);

        final int lockExpireSecond = 5;
        final int timeoutSecond = 3;

        Runnable lockRunnable = () -> {
            String lockValue = "";
            try {
                //等待发令枪响,防止线程抢跑
                start.await();

                //允许丢数据的简单锁示例
                lockValue = redisLock.simpleLock(lockKey, lockExpireSecond);


                //不允许丢数据的分布式锁示例
                //lockValue = redisLock.lock(lockKey, lockExpireSecond, timeoutSecond);

                //停一会儿,故意让后面的线程抢不到锁
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                logger.info(String.format("%s get lock successfully, value:%s", Thread.currentThread().getName(), lockValue));

            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                redisLock.unlock(lockKey, lockValue);
                //执行完后,计数减1
                threadsLatch.countDown();
            }

        };

        Thread t1 = new Thread(lockRunnable, "T1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(lockRunnable, "T2");

        t1.start();
        t2.start();

        //预备:开始!
        start.countDown();

        //等待所有线程跑完
        threadsLatch.await();

        logger.info("======>done!!!");

    }

}

 用2个线程模拟并发场景,跑起来后,输出如下:

点击查看原图

可以看到T2线程没抢到锁,直接抛出了预期的异常。

把44行的注释打开,即:换成不允许丢数据的模式,再跑一下:

点击查看原图

可以看到,T1先抢到锁,然后经过2秒的处理后,锁释放,这时T2重试拿到了锁,继续处理,最终释放。

posted @ 2019-06-15 16:10  菩提树下的杨过  阅读(24111)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报