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3.容器管理

3.1 查看正在运行的容器

命令:docker ps 可以通过docker ps -a查看所有运行的容器

示例:


[root@vms41 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES


3.2 创建容器

docker run --help 查看docker run的选项

命令: docker run --name=c1 tag

可选参数:

参数 说明
-a stdin: 指定标准输入输出内容类型,可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项;
--restart=always 容器内容进程挂了以后,立即重启
-d 后台运行容器,并返回容器ID
-t 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端,通常与 -i 同时使用
-i 以交互模式运行容器,通常与 -t 同时使用
--name="nginx-lb": 为容器指定一个名称;
-p 指定端口映射,格式为:主机(宿主)端口:容器端口
-P 随机端口映射,容器内部端口随机映射到主机的端口
-h "mars" 指定容器的hostname
-e username="ritchie": 设置环境变量
--env-file=[]: 从指定文件读入环境变量;
--cpuset="0-2" or --cpuset="0,1,2": 绑定容器到指定CPU运行;
--net="bridge": 指定容器的网络连接类型,支持 bridge/host/none/container: 四种类型;
--link=[]: 添加链接到另一个容器;
--expose=[]: 开放一个端口或一组端口
-m : 设置容器使用内存最大值;
--volume -v: 绑定一个卷
--dns 8.8.8.8 指定容器使用的DNS服务器,默认和宿主一致
--dns-search example.com 指定容器DNS搜索域名,默认和宿主一致

生成一个容器,同时使用命令来规范管理

示例:


[root@vms41 ~]# docker images ##查看已经存在的镜像
REPOSITORY                        TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
nginx                             latest    62d49f9bab67   2 weeks ago   133MB
hub.c.163.com/library/wordpress   latest    dccaeccfba36   3 years ago   406MB
centos                            v1        328edcd84f1b   3 years ago   193MB
hub.c.163.com/library/centos      latest    328edcd84f1b   3 years ago   193MB
hub.c.163.com/library/mysql       latest    9e64176cd8a2   4 years ago   407MB
[root@vms41 ~]# docker run --name=c1 centos:v1  ##运行一个容器,并命名为c1,从而规范管理
[root@vms41 ~]# docker ps -a ##查看确认容器运行状态
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES  
##发现状态为exited,因为根据docker history centos:v1,发现centos:v1运行的程序为bash,bash瞬间执行完成后退出了
cc9415d1ad5c   centos:v1   "/bin/bash"   18 seconds ago   Exited (0) 8 seconds ago             c1
[root@vms41 ~]# docker history centos:v1 --no-trunc
IMAGE                                                                     CREATED       CREATED BY                                                                                          S
IZE      COMMENTsha256:328edcd84f1bbf868bc88e4ae37afe421ef19be71890f59b4b2d8ba48414b84d   3 years ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]                                                                0
B        <missing>                                                                 3 years ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL name=CentOS Base Image vendor=CentOS license=GPLv2 build-date=20170801     0
B        <missing>                                                                 3 years ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:63492ba809361c51e75605d70390b549ff1187076b6d00485a1a0bb175daa40e in /    1
93MB     

3.3 删除容器

命令:docker rm 容器名

示例:


[root@vms41 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
cc9415d1ad5c   centos:v1   "/bin/bash"   10 minutes ago   Exited (0) 10 minutes ago             c1
[root@vms41 ~]# docker rm c1
c1
[root@vms41 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@vms41 ~]# docker run -t --name=c1 centos:v1 使用-t指定在容器中开通一个终端
[root@a10f2f1184da /]#  ##进入到c1容器中

无法删除运行的容器


##重开一个终端,尝试删除正在运行的容器c1
[root@vms41 ~]# docker rm c1
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container a10f2f1184da73a81d6a8ce85587c36f5a693a8959e2438b7c8ed3da23a4d62f. Stop the container before attempting removal or force rem
ove
##报错删除不了正在运行的容器,需要首先停止
[root@vms41 ~]# docker rm -f c1 ##-f参数强制删除
c1
[root@vms41 ~]# docker ps -a ##查看确认已经删除
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@vms41 ~]# docker run -it --name=c1 centos:v1  ##增加-i选项,发现已经可以操作
[root@8f5c8a3158f6 /]#  ##可以在容器中执行命令
[root@vms41 ~]# docker ps -a ##另开一台终端查看,发现状态为运行
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
a10f2f1184da   centos:v1   "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             c1
[root@8f5c8a3158f6 /]# exit ##执行退出容器命令后
exit
[root@vms41 ~]# docker ps -a ##新开终端发现状态变为exited
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
8f5c8a3158f6   centos:v1   "/bin/bash"   28 seconds ago   Exited (0) 4 seconds ago             c1
[root@vms41 ~]# docker run -it --restart=always --name=c1 centos:v1 ##使用--restart=always参数,即使退出容器后,容器依然正常运行
[root@vms41 ~]# docker ps ##新开终端,发现状态正常
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
f260af0a2b8e   centos:v1   "/bin/bash"   7 seconds ago   Up 6 seconds             c1
[root@f260af0a2b8e /]# exit
exit
[root@vms41 ~]# docker ps ##新开终端发现,在容器中退出后,容器状态依然为正常
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
f260af0a2b8e   centos:v1   "/bin/bash"   15 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds             c1

3.4 进入正在运行的容器

命令:

docker attach 容器名称

示例:


[root@vms41 ~]# docker attach c1
[root@f260af0a2b8e /]# 
[root@vms41 ~]# docker run -dit --name=c1 --restart=always centos:v1 ##可以通过docker run添加-d(detach),是的创建好容器以后并不直接进入容器
80f709b67927774534400843eaa374dff55716f0dae4382d5b91911ace5dc6ec

3.5 查看docker进程,修改容器运行进程

命令:docker top 容器名称

示例:


[root@vms41 ~]# docker top c1
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                17722               17700               0                   23:23               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash



命令:

docker run -dit --name=c1 --restart=always centos:v1 sleep 20

docker run命令最后添加运行的命令



[root@vms41 ~]# docker run -dit --name=c1 --restart=always centos:v1 sleep 20
765345a5e639bba3c6237a9d30985b66f4ba6b1c21045320a8f0b9fd42447dd8
[root@vms41 ~]# docker top c1
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                17876               17854               0                   23:25               pts/0               00:00:00            sleep 20


3.6 给容器临时额外运行进程

命令:docker exec -it 容器名 进程名,相当于临时给容器带入一个进程

示例:

docker exec -it c1 bsh

[root@vms41 ~]# docker run -dit --name=c1 --restart=always centos:v1 sleep 200 ##创建容器c1,并运行sleep
6bb0614a809eb228c1ed69dc4a10b5cbf0e4b37c9ffeba28e9b0c3d6a3e4b0ab
[root@vms41 ~]# docker attach c1  ##进入容器c1,因为运行的是sleep,所以无bash进程,所以无法执行交互
[root@vms41 ~]# docker top c1 ##查看容器c1运行进程,发现只有sleep
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                19086               19065               0                   08:32               pts/0               00:00:00            sleep 200
[root@vms41 ~]# docker exec -it c1 bash ##给容器c1运行bash进程 
[root@vms41 ~]# docker top c1 ##查看容器c1的进程,发现已经有bash和slleep
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                19086               19065               0                   08:32               pts/0               00:00:00            sleep 200
root                19166               19065               2                   08:32               pts/1               00:00:00            bash
[root@6bb0614a809e /]# exit ##退出c1容器,再次查看发现已经无bash进程
[root@vms41 ~]# docker top c1
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                19086               19065               0                   08:32               pts/0               00:00:00            sleep 200

3.7 查看容器运行的日志

命令:docker logs 容器名

示例:


[root@vms41 ~]# docker logs db
error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified 
  You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified 
  You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified 
  You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified 
  You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified 
  You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified 
  You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified 
  You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified 
  You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified 
  You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified 
  You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified 
  You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD


docker logs -f db

持续的查看容器日志


[root@vms41 ~]# docker logs -f db
error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified 
  You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified 
  You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified 
  You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD

3.8 容器端口到物理机端口映射

命令:

docker run命令,使用-p参数指定端口映射

示例:


[root@vms41 ~]# docker run -dit --name db --restart=always -p 3307:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=haha001 hub.c.163.com/library/mysql 
##使用-p参数指定端口映射,冒号前面是物理机端口,冒号后面是虚机端口
c8e138490e6d491ef4482c883e9e8f0f37bf3dc953234a72a2aa0f20a86c9ec2
[root@vms41 ~]# docker ps ##查看运行的容器状态,发现容器mysql3306端口映射到3307端口
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                         COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                       NAMES
c8e138490e6d   hub.c.163.com/library/mysql   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   46 seconds ago   Up 44 seconds   0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp, :::3307->3306/tcp   db


posted on 2021-05-09 21:37  平复心态  阅读(243)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报